In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive explora...In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive exploratory operations.In this study,we developed a small autonomous driving robot for unmanned environmental monitoring in underground mines.The developed autonomous driving robot controls the steering according to the distance to the tunnel wall measured using the light detection and ranging sensor mounted on the robot to estimate its location by simultaneously considering the measured values of the inertial measurement unit and encoder sensors.In addition,the robot autonomously drives through the underground mine and performs environmental monitoring using the temperature/humidity,gas,and particle sensors mounted on the robot.As a result of testing the performance of the developed robot at an amethyst mine in Korea,the robot was found to be able to autonomously drive through tunnel sections with∼28 m length,∼2.5 m height,and∼3 m width successfully.The average error of location estimation was approximately 0.16 m.Using environmental monitoring sensors,temperature of 15–17◦C,humidity of 42%–43%,oxygen concentration of 15.6%–15.7%,and particle concentration of 0.008–0.38 mg/m3 were measured in the experimental area,and no harmful gases were detected.In addition,an environmental monitoring map could be created using the measured values of the robot’s location coordinates and environmental factors recorded during autonomous driving.展开更多
With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However...With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However,at this stage,with the development of urbanization and industrialization,the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious.Therefore,we must do a good job in urban environmental monitoring,pay attention to the protection of urban environment,design and implement effective governance methods,so as to improve the quality of environmental governance.This article analyzes the problems in urban environmental monitoring,and formulates reasonable treatment methods and suggestions.展开更多
Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing...Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.展开更多
The comprehensive investigation of aerial remote sensing in Guangzhou was a systematic project to meet the needs of urban construction, planning and management, and environmental protection by the remote sensing techn...The comprehensive investigation of aerial remote sensing in Guangzhou was a systematic project to meet the needs of urban construction, planning and management, and environmental protection by the remote sensing technique. The project was consisted of five parts, i.e., urban geology, natural resources, urban developing state, urban environment and a series of remote sensing mapping. This paper shows the ways to monitor the environment of Guanzhou by the aerial remote sensing technique.展开更多
The environmental conditions in China are still very serious. In the years to come, the mission for environmental treatment and protection, supervision,
With the development of Internet technologies, Internet Based Information System (IBIS) arises with more advantages: Firstly, it is convenient for users to use owing to the introduction of Internet technologies. Secon...With the development of Internet technologies, Internet Based Information System (IBIS) arises with more advantages: Firstly, it is convenient for users to use owing to the introduction of Internet technologies. Secondly, it benefits greatly the data dissemination and data sharing based on Internet. The most important but not the last is that we can establish the information service network supported by its technologies and the facilities of information highway. So, it would be significant to design IBIS to realize the data collection, sharing and dissemination on Internet. There are many factors affecting regional environment. So it is not easy to realize the integrated environmental monitoring. Given this, we designed the Internet based environmental monitoring information system. By the virtue of the Internet based environmental monitoring information system, the management and storage of environmental monitoring data would be easier, which lays the foundation to actualize the environmental monitoring efficiently.展开更多
Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management systems.To provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management syste...Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management systems.To provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management system,the authors measured the existing environmental quality at five MSW TSs.Discharged wastewater,air,and noise were monitored and assayed at the five TSs in Beijing in 2001-2006 during rainy seasons(RSs)and dry seasons(DSs).Except Ammonia(NH_3)and hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),the analytical results...展开更多
The Zhujiang (Pearl River ) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basin coveers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern c...The Zhujiang (Pearl River ) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basin coveers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coast of the South China Sea through its eight inlets. The Zhujiang River Delta has experienced the fastest economic growth in China during the past two decades. Rapid population expansion and increased industrial development coupled with insufficient waste management turned the Zhujiang Estuary into waste disposal channels just before entering the coastal waters. The water quality of the estuaries and the coastal oceans has become polluted. Dttfing the past two years, an intensive study and monitoring efforts of the pollutions of these waters have been made. A systematic and integrated monitoring task including shore-based measurements, shipboard in-situ measurements, and satellite and radar remote sensing surveys has been completed. Conprehensive collection of physical,chemical and biological parameters has been accomplished and a database has been established. Unlike the previous large scale-monitoring task in which the various pollutant concentrations were the objective,the present study aims to understand the process of the pollution from their initial disposal to their final states. The understanding of the processes makes it possible to evaluate the severity of the pollution with respect to the sustainability. Also the objective is to incorporate these processes into the mathematical models from which a predictive capability of the pollution situation can be realized. The present presentation will describe the planning, methodology and the results of this effort.展开更多
Based on the problems in the current greenhouse environmental monitoring system such as difficult connection layout,low flexibility and high costs,this paper builds the greenhouse environmental monitoring system based...Based on the problems in the current greenhouse environmental monitoring system such as difficult connection layout,low flexibility and high costs,this paper builds the greenhouse environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network,and designs the sensor nodes and gateway nodes. The sensor nodes of this system are responsible for collecting environmental parameters and sending the data to gateway nodes via wireless sensor network. And the gateway nodes transmit the data to the remote monitoring platform. The microprocessor module of node hardware uses MSP430F149 microprocessor for data processing and control; wireless communication module consists of nRF905 RF chip and peripheral circuit,responsible for transmitting and receiving data; sensor module uses AM2301 sensor for data measurement; the power supply module uses the circuit consisting of LT1129-3. 3,LT1129-5 and Max660 to provide 3. 3 and ± 5V power. The C language development is employed for wireless routing protocol of node and time synchronization algorithm,to achieve node data acquisition and processing,rule forwarding and remote transmission. Remote monitoring software uses NET. ASP,HTML and C# development to provide visual WEB mode remote data management platform for users. The system goes through networking testing in greenhouse in Xining City,and test results show that the system operation is stable and reliable,and the average network packet loss rate is 2. 4%,effectively solving the problems in greenhouse environmental monitoring system and meeting the application requirements of greenhouse cultivation environmental monitoring.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate (NGH)is considered as one of the new clean energy sources of the 21st century with the highest potential.The environmental issues of NGH production have attracted the close attention of scientists ...Natural gas hydrate (NGH)is considered as one of the new clean energy sources of the 21st century with the highest potential.The environmental issues of NGH production have attracted the close attention of scientists in various countries.From May 10 to July 9,2017,the first offshore NGH production test in the South China Sea (SCS)was conducted by the China Geological Survey.In addition,environmental security has also been effectively guaranteed via a comprehensive environmental monitoring system built during the NGH production test.The monitoring system considered sea-surface atmosphere methane and carbon dioxide concentrations,dissolved methane in the sea water column,and the seafloor physical oceanography and marine chemistry environment.The whole process was monitored via multiple means, in multiple layers,in all domains,and in real time.After the production test,an environmental investigation was promptly conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the NGH production test. The monitoring results showed that the dissolved methane concentration in seawater and the near-seabed environment characteristics after the test were consistent with the background values,indicating that the NGH production test did not cause environmental problems such as methane leakage.展开更多
1.Objectives As about 99% of the natural gas hydrate (NGH)resources are stored on the seafloor,it is inevitable that in its process of exploration and production,there will be geohazards such as methane leakage,seabed...1.Objectives As about 99% of the natural gas hydrate (NGH)resources are stored on the seafloor,it is inevitable that in its process of exploration and production,there will be geohazards such as methane leakage,seabed subsidence,ecosystem damage and even landslide.Therefore,a set of integrated systems for environmental monitoring in the process of NGH production has been proposed in the consideration of environmental disasters that may arise in the process of hydrate production.展开更多
Distributed wireless sensor networks have been shown to be effective for environmental monitoring tasks,in which multiple sensors are deployed in a wide range of the environments to collect information or monitor a pa...Distributed wireless sensor networks have been shown to be effective for environmental monitoring tasks,in which multiple sensors are deployed in a wide range of the environments to collect information or monitor a particular event,Wireless sensor networks,consisting of a large number of interacting sensors,have been successful in a variety of applications where they are able to share information using different transmission protocols through the communication network.However,the irregular and dynamic environment requires traditional wireless sensor networks to have frequent communications to exchange the most recent information,which can easily generate high communication cost through the collaborative data collection and data transmission.High frequency communication also has high probability of failure because of long distance data transmission.In this paper,we developed a novel approach to multi-sensor environment monitoring network using the idea of distributed system.Its communication network can overcome the difficulties of high communication cost and Single Point of Failure(SPOF)through the decentralized approach,which performs in-network computation.Our approach makes use of Boolean networks that allows for a non-complex method of corroboration and retains meaningful information regarding the dynamics of the communication network.Our approach also reduces the complexity of data aggregation process and employee a reinforcement learning algorithm to predict future event inside the environment through the pattern recognition.展开更多
The formation of caves is the special environment of our earth. Caves with dim natural light and lighted hypogean environments, have been found various organism. The Kaklik Cave located tectonic lines and has a very d...The formation of caves is the special environment of our earth. Caves with dim natural light and lighted hypogean environments, have been found various organism. The Kaklik Cave located tectonic lines and has a very different way of formation when compare with many other same karstic formation caves. The Kaklik Cave is located in the area of Kaklik town in Honaz area and in Denizli province. The cave is one of the 54 cave opened to tourism in Turkey and endanger. In this study the cave climate, hydrol?ogy and biology were studied. The cave has specific species due to this formation, the entrance is wide and open to the sky, that makes the sunlight could go through a very wide area and cause of it is very rich about hydrology, these effects;provide a very high biodiversity to the cave. The cave has very important touristic potential because of the continuously growing travertine, geographical position, availability of access and natural beauties. The wrong artificial lightning badly changes the natural structure of the cave. This artificial lightning causes the biofilm layer and changing on the color of the travertine.展开更多
The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized.The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed.At last,some suggestions were ma...The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized.The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed.At last,some suggestions were made on setting and implementing the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods in China.展开更多
Highly selective and sensitive phosphate sensors have been fabricated by constructing a solid membrane disk consisting of variable mixtures of aluminium powder (Al), aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) and powdered copper (Cu...Highly selective and sensitive phosphate sensors have been fabricated by constructing a solid membrane disk consisting of variable mixtures of aluminium powder (Al), aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) and powdered copper (Cu). Both binary and ternary electrode systems are produced. The ternary membranes exhibit greater selectivity over a wide range of concentrations. The ternary electrode with the composition 25% AlPO4, 25% Cu and 50% Al was selected as our preferred electrode. The newly fabricated ternary membrane phosphate selective electrodes exhibited linear potential response in the concentration range of 1.0?×?10?1 to 1.0?×?10?6?mol?L?1. The electrodes also exhibit a fast response time of <60?s. Their detection limit is lower than 1.0?×?10?6?mol?L?1. The unique feature of the described electrodes is their ability to maintain a steady and reproducible response in the absence of an ionic strength control. The electrodes have a long lifetime and can be stored in air when not in use.展开更多
In multi-functional mountainous landscapes worldwide,conservation of natural values is a major task.Here,pro-active policies can be a way forward.National Environmental Quality Objectives(EQO)to solve environmental pr...In multi-functional mountainous landscapes worldwide,conservation of natural values is a major task.Here,pro-active policies can be a way forward.National Environmental Quality Objectives(EQO)to solve environmental problems for future generations,however,often wrestle with being too visionary and lacking specificity,which complicates their implementation.The EQO“A Magnificent Mountain Landscape”that has been adopted by the Swedish Parliament in 1999 to preserve the pristine mountain environment in Sweden,experiences all these flaws.To aid its implementation,we studied the conditions and processes needed to define,to evaluate,and to preserve its goals across the Swedish mountain chain,using one of its milestone targets(a landscape characterized by grazing)as a study system.Applying qualitative and quantitative methods,we analyzed three types of data:1)referral responses to the governmental strategy document,2)interviews with relevant actors,and 3)environmental monitoring data(reindeer position data).Nationally,our results suggest a need for geographical differentiation to match regional/local conditions.Regionally,difference in both perception and definition of the milestone target among the actors hinders the formulation,monitoring,and evaluation of a common goal.Next to a culture-nature divide,we found that a“within as a user”and“from the outside as an observer”perspective influenced suggested definitions.Moreover,we found a need for better defining whether the goal is maintaining current conditions or restoring previous ones.Our result supports the use of animal position data as a decision support tool to monitor and to aid evaluation of the target.Given the number of actors involved and conflicts of interests present,we suggest the application of a structured decision process to accomplish agreements on a common goal.Here,environmental monitoring data can aid a“landscape assessment step”as a natural part in the decision process to target landscape management actions resourcefully and effectively.展开更多
Covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface,the New Caledonia(South West Pacific)is one of the largest world producers of Ni-ore from lateritic deposits.Almost all outcrops of geological units and...Covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface,the New Caledonia(South West Pacific)is one of the largest world producers of Ni-ore from lateritic deposits.Almost all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and amphibole,also as asbestos varieties.In this geological context,in which weathering processes had a great contribution in the production and dispersion of mineral fibres into the environment,the development of a routinely analytical strategy,able to discriminate an asbestiform fibre from a non-harmful particle,is a pivotal requisite.However,the acquisition of all these parameters is necessary for determining the risk associated to fibres exposition.A multidisciplinary routinely approach,based on the use of complementary simply-to-use but reliable analytical methods is the only possible strategy.In addition,the instrumental apparatus must be easily transportable on the field,directly on the mining site.The employment of specialized tools such as Polarized Light Microscopy associated to Dispersion Staining method(PLM/DS)and portable Raman spectroscopy for identification of environmental asbestos,are proved extremely effective in the improvement of the performance and rapidity of data acquisition and interpretation.Both PLM/DS and handheld Raman devices confirmed to be discriminant in the detection and characterization of asbestos fibres for both serpentine and amphibole.Furthermore,these techniques proved extremely effective even in the presence of strongly fibrous and altered samples.展开更多
The core objective of this study is to conduct precise and real-time monitoring of the industrial area Dammam located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which consists of a number of various chemicals, minerals and ...The core objective of this study is to conduct precise and real-time monitoring of the industrial area Dammam located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which consists of a number of various chemicals, minerals and petrochemicals along with administrative blocks. The objective of this study is to monitor possible outdoor and indoor air pollutant in the industry working environment. This study shall help us to enable decision to be made on appropriate control measures as may be required to protect the health of employee and occupant who may be exposed to air contamination at workplace. Air pollution monitoring in ambient air environment finding shall be compared with national ambient air quality environmental standard while parameters monitoring in indoor air environment is compared with international standards such as occupational health and safety administration (OSHA), National institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) and Australian national health and medical research council (NHMRC). This environment review study for ensuring industry regulatory compliance for the facility and general authority of meteorology and environmental protection (GAMEP) previously known as presidency of meteorology environment (PME). This study shall be comprehensive in nature and cover two major types of monitoring and assessment such as ambient air quality monitoring and indoor air quality monitoring.展开更多
The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monito...The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2021R1A2C1011216).
文摘In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive exploratory operations.In this study,we developed a small autonomous driving robot for unmanned environmental monitoring in underground mines.The developed autonomous driving robot controls the steering according to the distance to the tunnel wall measured using the light detection and ranging sensor mounted on the robot to estimate its location by simultaneously considering the measured values of the inertial measurement unit and encoder sensors.In addition,the robot autonomously drives through the underground mine and performs environmental monitoring using the temperature/humidity,gas,and particle sensors mounted on the robot.As a result of testing the performance of the developed robot at an amethyst mine in Korea,the robot was found to be able to autonomously drive through tunnel sections with∼28 m length,∼2.5 m height,and∼3 m width successfully.The average error of location estimation was approximately 0.16 m.Using environmental monitoring sensors,temperature of 15–17◦C,humidity of 42%–43%,oxygen concentration of 15.6%–15.7%,and particle concentration of 0.008–0.38 mg/m3 were measured in the experimental area,and no harmful gases were detected.In addition,an environmental monitoring map could be created using the measured values of the robot’s location coordinates and environmental factors recorded during autonomous driving.
文摘With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However,at this stage,with the development of urbanization and industrialization,the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious.Therefore,we must do a good job in urban environmental monitoring,pay attention to the protection of urban environment,design and implement effective governance methods,so as to improve the quality of environmental governance.This article analyzes the problems in urban environmental monitoring,and formulates reasonable treatment methods and suggestions.
文摘Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.
文摘The comprehensive investigation of aerial remote sensing in Guangzhou was a systematic project to meet the needs of urban construction, planning and management, and environmental protection by the remote sensing technique. The project was consisted of five parts, i.e., urban geology, natural resources, urban developing state, urban environment and a series of remote sensing mapping. This paper shows the ways to monitor the environment of Guanzhou by the aerial remote sensing technique.
文摘The environmental conditions in China are still very serious. In the years to come, the mission for environmental treatment and protection, supervision,
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS No. KZCX02-308
文摘With the development of Internet technologies, Internet Based Information System (IBIS) arises with more advantages: Firstly, it is convenient for users to use owing to the introduction of Internet technologies. Secondly, it benefits greatly the data dissemination and data sharing based on Internet. The most important but not the last is that we can establish the information service network supported by its technologies and the facilities of information highway. So, it would be significant to design IBIS to realize the data collection, sharing and dissemination on Internet. There are many factors affecting regional environment. So it is not easy to realize the integrated environmental monitoring. Given this, we designed the Internet based environmental monitoring information system. By the virtue of the Internet based environmental monitoring information system, the management and storage of environmental monitoring data would be easier, which lays the foundation to actualize the environmental monitoring efficiently.
文摘Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management systems.To provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management system,the authors measured the existing environmental quality at five MSW TSs.Discharged wastewater,air,and noise were monitored and assayed at the five TSs in Beijing in 2001-2006 during rainy seasons(RSs)and dry seasons(DSs).Except Ammonia(NH_3)and hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),the analytical results...
基金This work was supported by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charity Fund through Chief Executive' s Community Project, "PREPP" the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through 863/818 Project , "Zhujiang Estuary Integrated Ob-servation System".
文摘The Zhujiang (Pearl River ) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basin coveers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coast of the South China Sea through its eight inlets. The Zhujiang River Delta has experienced the fastest economic growth in China during the past two decades. Rapid population expansion and increased industrial development coupled with insufficient waste management turned the Zhujiang Estuary into waste disposal channels just before entering the coastal waters. The water quality of the estuaries and the coastal oceans has become polluted. Dttfing the past two years, an intensive study and monitoring efforts of the pollutions of these waters have been made. A systematic and integrated monitoring task including shore-based measurements, shipboard in-situ measurements, and satellite and radar remote sensing surveys has been completed. Conprehensive collection of physical,chemical and biological parameters has been accomplished and a database has been established. Unlike the previous large scale-monitoring task in which the various pollutant concentrations were the objective,the present study aims to understand the process of the pollution from their initial disposal to their final states. The understanding of the processes makes it possible to evaluate the severity of the pollution with respect to the sustainability. Also the objective is to incorporate these processes into the mathematical models from which a predictive capability of the pollution situation can be realized. The present presentation will describe the planning, methodology and the results of this effort.
基金Supported by Construction and Application of Provincial Rural Information Service Platform in Northwest China(2014BAD10B01)Qinghai Rural Informatization Engineering Technology Research Center(2015-GX-Q22)
文摘Based on the problems in the current greenhouse environmental monitoring system such as difficult connection layout,low flexibility and high costs,this paper builds the greenhouse environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network,and designs the sensor nodes and gateway nodes. The sensor nodes of this system are responsible for collecting environmental parameters and sending the data to gateway nodes via wireless sensor network. And the gateway nodes transmit the data to the remote monitoring platform. The microprocessor module of node hardware uses MSP430F149 microprocessor for data processing and control; wireless communication module consists of nRF905 RF chip and peripheral circuit,responsible for transmitting and receiving data; sensor module uses AM2301 sensor for data measurement; the power supply module uses the circuit consisting of LT1129-3. 3,LT1129-5 and Max660 to provide 3. 3 and ± 5V power. The C language development is employed for wireless routing protocol of node and time synchronization algorithm,to achieve node data acquisition and processing,rule forwarding and remote transmission. Remote monitoring software uses NET. ASP,HTML and C# development to provide visual WEB mode remote data management platform for users. The system goes through networking testing in greenhouse in Xining City,and test results show that the system operation is stable and reliable,and the average network packet loss rate is 2. 4%,effectively solving the problems in greenhouse environmental monitoring system and meeting the application requirements of greenhouse cultivation environmental monitoring.
文摘Natural gas hydrate (NGH)is considered as one of the new clean energy sources of the 21st century with the highest potential.The environmental issues of NGH production have attracted the close attention of scientists in various countries.From May 10 to July 9,2017,the first offshore NGH production test in the South China Sea (SCS)was conducted by the China Geological Survey.In addition,environmental security has also been effectively guaranteed via a comprehensive environmental monitoring system built during the NGH production test.The monitoring system considered sea-surface atmosphere methane and carbon dioxide concentrations,dissolved methane in the sea water column,and the seafloor physical oceanography and marine chemistry environment.The whole process was monitored via multiple means, in multiple layers,in all domains,and in real time.After the production test,an environmental investigation was promptly conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the NGH production test. The monitoring results showed that the dissolved methane concentration in seawater and the near-seabed environment characteristics after the test were consistent with the background values,indicating that the NGH production test did not cause environmental problems such as methane leakage.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (41606086 and 91858208)National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFC0307704)the Marine Geological Survey project of China Geological Survey (DD20160218).
文摘1.Objectives As about 99% of the natural gas hydrate (NGH)resources are stored on the seafloor,it is inevitable that in its process of exploration and production,there will be geohazards such as methane leakage,seabed subsidence,ecosystem damage and even landslide.Therefore,a set of integrated systems for environmental monitoring in the process of NGH production has been proposed in the consideration of environmental disasters that may arise in the process of hydrate production.
基金This research is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2019JJ40145)Scientific Research Key Project of Hunan Education Department(No.19A273)open Fund of Key Laboratory of Hunan Province(2017TP1026).
文摘Distributed wireless sensor networks have been shown to be effective for environmental monitoring tasks,in which multiple sensors are deployed in a wide range of the environments to collect information or monitor a particular event,Wireless sensor networks,consisting of a large number of interacting sensors,have been successful in a variety of applications where they are able to share information using different transmission protocols through the communication network.However,the irregular and dynamic environment requires traditional wireless sensor networks to have frequent communications to exchange the most recent information,which can easily generate high communication cost through the collaborative data collection and data transmission.High frequency communication also has high probability of failure because of long distance data transmission.In this paper,we developed a novel approach to multi-sensor environment monitoring network using the idea of distributed system.Its communication network can overcome the difficulties of high communication cost and Single Point of Failure(SPOF)through the decentralized approach,which performs in-network computation.Our approach makes use of Boolean networks that allows for a non-complex method of corroboration and retains meaningful information regarding the dynamics of the communication network.Our approach also reduces the complexity of data aggregation process and employee a reinforcement learning algorithm to predict future event inside the environment through the pattern recognition.
文摘The formation of caves is the special environment of our earth. Caves with dim natural light and lighted hypogean environments, have been found various organism. The Kaklik Cave located tectonic lines and has a very different way of formation when compare with many other same karstic formation caves. The Kaklik Cave is located in the area of Kaklik town in Honaz area and in Denizli province. The cave is one of the 54 cave opened to tourism in Turkey and endanger. In this study the cave climate, hydrol?ogy and biology were studied. The cave has specific species due to this formation, the entrance is wide and open to the sky, that makes the sunlight could go through a very wide area and cause of it is very rich about hydrology, these effects;provide a very high biodiversity to the cave. The cave has very important touristic potential because of the continuously growing travertine, geographical position, availability of access and natural beauties. The wrong artificial lightning badly changes the natural structure of the cave. This artificial lightning causes the biofilm layer and changing on the color of the travertine.
基金Supported by Study on Water Environment Quality Monitoring Technological Method (2009ZX07527-001)Chongqing Natural Science Fund (CSTC,2009B137391)
文摘The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized.The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed.At last,some suggestions were made on setting and implementing the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods in China.
文摘Highly selective and sensitive phosphate sensors have been fabricated by constructing a solid membrane disk consisting of variable mixtures of aluminium powder (Al), aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) and powdered copper (Cu). Both binary and ternary electrode systems are produced. The ternary membranes exhibit greater selectivity over a wide range of concentrations. The ternary electrode with the composition 25% AlPO4, 25% Cu and 50% Al was selected as our preferred electrode. The newly fabricated ternary membrane phosphate selective electrodes exhibited linear potential response in the concentration range of 1.0?×?10?1 to 1.0?×?10?6?mol?L?1. The electrodes also exhibit a fast response time of <60?s. Their detection limit is lower than 1.0?×?10?6?mol?L?1. The unique feature of the described electrodes is their ability to maintain a steady and reproducible response in the absence of an ionic strength control. The electrodes have a long lifetime and can be stored in air when not in use.
文摘In multi-functional mountainous landscapes worldwide,conservation of natural values is a major task.Here,pro-active policies can be a way forward.National Environmental Quality Objectives(EQO)to solve environmental problems for future generations,however,often wrestle with being too visionary and lacking specificity,which complicates their implementation.The EQO“A Magnificent Mountain Landscape”that has been adopted by the Swedish Parliament in 1999 to preserve the pristine mountain environment in Sweden,experiences all these flaws.To aid its implementation,we studied the conditions and processes needed to define,to evaluate,and to preserve its goals across the Swedish mountain chain,using one of its milestone targets(a landscape characterized by grazing)as a study system.Applying qualitative and quantitative methods,we analyzed three types of data:1)referral responses to the governmental strategy document,2)interviews with relevant actors,and 3)environmental monitoring data(reindeer position data).Nationally,our results suggest a need for geographical differentiation to match regional/local conditions.Regionally,difference in both perception and definition of the milestone target among the actors hinders the formulation,monitoring,and evaluation of a common goal.Next to a culture-nature divide,we found that a“within as a user”and“from the outside as an observer”perspective influenced suggested definitions.Moreover,we found a need for better defining whether the goal is maintaining current conditions or restoring previous ones.Our result supports the use of animal position data as a decision support tool to monitor and to aid evaluation of the target.Given the number of actors involved and conflicts of interests present,we suggest the application of a structured decision process to accomplish agreements on a common goal.Here,environmental monitoring data can aid a“landscape assessment step”as a natural part in the decision process to target landscape management actions resourcefully and effectively.
基金supported by the CNRT "Nickel and its environment" of New Caledonia
文摘Covered by ultrabasic units for more than a third of its surface,the New Caledonia(South West Pacific)is one of the largest world producers of Ni-ore from lateritic deposits.Almost all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and amphibole,also as asbestos varieties.In this geological context,in which weathering processes had a great contribution in the production and dispersion of mineral fibres into the environment,the development of a routinely analytical strategy,able to discriminate an asbestiform fibre from a non-harmful particle,is a pivotal requisite.However,the acquisition of all these parameters is necessary for determining the risk associated to fibres exposition.A multidisciplinary routinely approach,based on the use of complementary simply-to-use but reliable analytical methods is the only possible strategy.In addition,the instrumental apparatus must be easily transportable on the field,directly on the mining site.The employment of specialized tools such as Polarized Light Microscopy associated to Dispersion Staining method(PLM/DS)and portable Raman spectroscopy for identification of environmental asbestos,are proved extremely effective in the improvement of the performance and rapidity of data acquisition and interpretation.Both PLM/DS and handheld Raman devices confirmed to be discriminant in the detection and characterization of asbestos fibres for both serpentine and amphibole.Furthermore,these techniques proved extremely effective even in the presence of strongly fibrous and altered samples.
文摘The core objective of this study is to conduct precise and real-time monitoring of the industrial area Dammam located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which consists of a number of various chemicals, minerals and petrochemicals along with administrative blocks. The objective of this study is to monitor possible outdoor and indoor air pollutant in the industry working environment. This study shall help us to enable decision to be made on appropriate control measures as may be required to protect the health of employee and occupant who may be exposed to air contamination at workplace. Air pollution monitoring in ambient air environment finding shall be compared with national ambient air quality environmental standard while parameters monitoring in indoor air environment is compared with international standards such as occupational health and safety administration (OSHA), National institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) and Australian national health and medical research council (NHMRC). This environment review study for ensuring industry regulatory compliance for the facility and general authority of meteorology and environmental protection (GAMEP) previously known as presidency of meteorology environment (PME). This study shall be comprehensive in nature and cover two major types of monitoring and assessment such as ambient air quality monitoring and indoor air quality monitoring.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303094)International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China(2012DFA31120)National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD14B15)
文摘The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.
