The influence of the Han culture on the Bai culture in Dali is the greatest and the most profound during the course of the historical development of China for thousands of years. The blending of the Han culture and th...The influence of the Han culture on the Bai culture in Dali is the greatest and the most profound during the course of the historical development of China for thousands of years. The blending of the Han culture and the Bai culture is a distinctive feature the Bai culture, which is obviously seen in the location and layout as well as the composition and structure of the settlement and architecture of the Bai nationality in the Erhai area of Dali. Additionally, the Bai nationality in Erhai area conformed to nature and adopted nature to create the unique culture and settlement landscape based on the absorption of the cultural thoughts such as the golden mean, respect for seniority and the harmony between man and nature, as well as the advanced skills of the Han nationality. This paper further emphasized the characteristics and laws of Bai culture through the analysis of the Han culture elements in the space and architecture of the Bai settlement in the Erhai area of Dali. It is hoped that this study can provide references for the protection and development of the Bai settlement.展开更多
[Objective] Nitrogen and phosphorus losses of surface runoff in various crop rotation systems in the north of Erhai Lake basin were studied with the objective to provide references for risk evaluation of environmental...[Objective] Nitrogen and phosphorus losses of surface runoff in various crop rotation systems in the north of Erhai Lake basin were studied with the objective to provide references for risk evaluation of environmental pollution and formulating countermeasures to control the nonpoint source pollution from agriculture.[Method] Water samples collected in four typical crop rotation systems distributed in seven towns（townships） in the north of Erhai Lake basin were investigated,as well as the fertilizer input,to explore the dynamic change of nitrogen and phosphorus content in surface water of farmland and ditch water,and the correlation between fertilizer input and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface water of farmland and in the ditch water.[Result] The results showed that nitrogen loss in surface water of farmland in different crop rotation systems differed greatly,and the risk of nitrogen loss was 38% lower in broad bean-rice crop rotation than that in garlic-rice crop rotation.The water soluble nitrogen was the primary form of nitrogen loss.The content of water soluble nitrogen was significantly higher in garlic-rice crop rotation than that in the other rotation systems,and the concentrations of nitrogen in the surface water of farmland in different crop rotation systems followed the sequence below：garlic-rice crop rotationryegrass-rice crop rotationbroad bean-rice crop rotationrape-rice crop rotation.The loss of phosphorus in the surface water of farmland was relatively low and phosphorus combined with silt was the primary form for phosphorus loss.There was no significant difference of the loss of various forms of phosphorus in different crop rotation systems.The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the surface water of farmland were higher than that in ditch water,with increasing rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in ditch water of 72% and 82%,respectively.Topdressing was the critical reason for the high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface water,which also caused the increasing load to the ditch water.[Conclusion] Both the nitrogen and phosphorus loss were the highest in garlic-rice crop rotation.Reasonable crop rotation systems should be established based on both the environmental and economic benefits.This study provided references for controlling the nonpoint source pollution of farmland and improving the water quality of Erhai Lake.展开更多
基金Sponsored by China Scholarship Council(201807855001)one of the phased achievements of the National Social Science Fund Project(15XMZ089)
文摘The influence of the Han culture on the Bai culture in Dali is the greatest and the most profound during the course of the historical development of China for thousands of years. The blending of the Han culture and the Bai culture is a distinctive feature the Bai culture, which is obviously seen in the location and layout as well as the composition and structure of the settlement and architecture of the Bai nationality in the Erhai area of Dali. Additionally, the Bai nationality in Erhai area conformed to nature and adopted nature to create the unique culture and settlement landscape based on the absorption of the cultural thoughts such as the golden mean, respect for seniority and the harmony between man and nature, as well as the advanced skills of the Han nationality. This paper further emphasized the characteristics and laws of Bai culture through the analysis of the Han culture elements in the space and architecture of the Bai settlement in the Erhai area of Dali. It is hoped that this study can provide references for the protection and development of the Bai settlement.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201003014-6)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160413)~~
文摘[Objective] Nitrogen and phosphorus losses of surface runoff in various crop rotation systems in the north of Erhai Lake basin were studied with the objective to provide references for risk evaluation of environmental pollution and formulating countermeasures to control the nonpoint source pollution from agriculture.[Method] Water samples collected in four typical crop rotation systems distributed in seven towns（townships） in the north of Erhai Lake basin were investigated,as well as the fertilizer input,to explore the dynamic change of nitrogen and phosphorus content in surface water of farmland and ditch water,and the correlation between fertilizer input and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface water of farmland and in the ditch water.[Result] The results showed that nitrogen loss in surface water of farmland in different crop rotation systems differed greatly,and the risk of nitrogen loss was 38% lower in broad bean-rice crop rotation than that in garlic-rice crop rotation.The water soluble nitrogen was the primary form of nitrogen loss.The content of water soluble nitrogen was significantly higher in garlic-rice crop rotation than that in the other rotation systems,and the concentrations of nitrogen in the surface water of farmland in different crop rotation systems followed the sequence below：garlic-rice crop rotationryegrass-rice crop rotationbroad bean-rice crop rotationrape-rice crop rotation.The loss of phosphorus in the surface water of farmland was relatively low and phosphorus combined with silt was the primary form for phosphorus loss.There was no significant difference of the loss of various forms of phosphorus in different crop rotation systems.The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the surface water of farmland were higher than that in ditch water,with increasing rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in ditch water of 72% and 82%,respectively.Topdressing was the critical reason for the high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface water,which also caused the increasing load to the ditch water.[Conclusion] Both the nitrogen and phosphorus loss were the highest in garlic-rice crop rotation.Reasonable crop rotation systems should be established based on both the environmental and economic benefits.This study provided references for controlling the nonpoint source pollution of farmland and improving the water quality of Erhai Lake.
