With the development of urban rail transit, ensuring the safe evacuation of pedestrians at subway stations has become an important issue in the case of an emergency such as a fire. This paper chooses the platform of l...With the development of urban rail transit, ensuring the safe evacuation of pedestrians at subway stations has become an important issue in the case of an emergency such as a fire. This paper chooses the platform of line 4 at the Beijing Xu- anwumen subway station to study the emergency evacuation process under fire. Based on the established platform, effects of the fire dynamics, different initial pedestrian densities, and positions of fire on evacuation are investigated. According to simulation results, it is found that the fire increases the air temperature and the smoke density, and decreases pedestrians＇- visibility and walking velocity. Also, there is a critical initial density at the platform if achieving a safe evacuation within the required 6 minutes. Furthermore, different positions of fire set in this paper have little difference on crowd evacuation if the fire is not large enough. The suggestions provided in this paper are helpful for the subway operators to prevent major casualties.展开更多
采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(OTAB)对伊利石(ILT)进行表面处理,以改善其与聚合物基体之间的相容性,通过对比实验得出有机改性伊利石(OILT)使复合材料具有更优异的综合力学性能。同时研究了OILT用量对丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)/乙...采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(OTAB)对伊利石(ILT)进行表面处理,以改善其与聚合物基体之间的相容性,通过对比实验得出有机改性伊利石(OILT)使复合材料具有更优异的综合力学性能。同时研究了OILT用量对丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)/乙烯–乙酸乙烯酯塑料(EVAC)阻燃复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能和热稳定性能的影响,结果表明,当OILT用量为1%时,复合材料的拉伸强度最大,为16.85 MPa,冲击强度达到4.3 k J/m^2,氧指数也达最大值27.3%,燃烧级别达到V–0级,且具有最好的起始热稳定性能。适量的OILT对ABS/EVAC阻燃复合材料具有良好的阻燃协效作用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61322307 and 61233001)
文摘With the development of urban rail transit, ensuring the safe evacuation of pedestrians at subway stations has become an important issue in the case of an emergency such as a fire. This paper chooses the platform of line 4 at the Beijing Xu- anwumen subway station to study the emergency evacuation process under fire. Based on the established platform, effects of the fire dynamics, different initial pedestrian densities, and positions of fire on evacuation are investigated. According to simulation results, it is found that the fire increases the air temperature and the smoke density, and decreases pedestrians＇- visibility and walking velocity. Also, there is a critical initial density at the platform if achieving a safe evacuation within the required 6 minutes. Furthermore, different positions of fire set in this paper have little difference on crowd evacuation if the fire is not large enough. The suggestions provided in this paper are helpful for the subway operators to prevent major casualties.
文摘采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(OTAB)对伊利石(ILT)进行表面处理,以改善其与聚合物基体之间的相容性,通过对比实验得出有机改性伊利石(OILT)使复合材料具有更优异的综合力学性能。同时研究了OILT用量对丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)/乙烯–乙酸乙烯酯塑料(EVAC)阻燃复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能和热稳定性能的影响,结果表明,当OILT用量为1%时,复合材料的拉伸强度最大,为16.85 MPa,冲击强度达到4.3 k J/m^2,氧指数也达最大值27.3%,燃烧级别达到V–0级,且具有最好的起始热稳定性能。适量的OILT对ABS/EVAC阻燃复合材料具有良好的阻燃协效作用。
