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A high level of extra-pair paternity in the Chestnut Thrush(Turdus rubrocanus)
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作者 Huan Liu Yun Fang +1 位作者 Yingqiang Lou Yuehua Sun 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期679-684,共6页
Extra-pair copulation(EPC)can potentially maximize individual reproductive fitness,and this process may involve sexual selection of male and female traits that reflect individual quality.Previous studies have implied ... Extra-pair copulation(EPC)can potentially maximize individual reproductive fitness,and this process may involve sexual selection of male and female traits that reflect individual quality.Previous studies have implied that adult characteristics are associated with the probability of extra-pair paternity(EPP),but it differs between species.Moreover,there are relatively few examples of the adaptive rationale for females’engagement in EPCs based on an examination of these more traditionally recorded traits,in combination with female flight-mediated traits such as wing length.We investigated whether EPP existed in the wild Chestnut Thrush(Turdus rubrocanus)population during three breeding seasons(2019–2021),and whether paternity was related to morphological traits of males and females.Eight highly variable microsatellite loci were used to identify paternity,and generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationship between paternity and morphological traits.We found that EPP existed in the Chestnut Thrush.53.3%(N=41/77)of the broods contained at least one extra-pair offspring(EPO),and 34.6%(N=72/208)of the nestlings were EPO.We also found that male wing length was negatively associated with the probability of EPP and the proportion of EPO.Female body length was positively related to the probability of EPP.Both female body condition and mass were negatively associated with the proportion of EPO.While other traits of male and female did not relate to the probability of EPP or the proportion of EPO.Extra-pair males had better body condition compared to the males they cuckolded.EPO did not differ from their half-siblings in terms of body size or body condition.The results suggest that body size and body condition were associated with EPP in the Chestnut Thrush.This study provides fundamental information for further studies on the evolution and maintenance of EPP in the Chestnut Thrush,and it is also useful for the comparison of EPP among Turdus species. 展开更多
关键词 Chestnut Thrush extra-pair paternity MICROSATELLITE Morphological traits
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High level of extra-pair paternity in the socially monogamous Marsh Tits(Poecile palustris) 被引量:2
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作者 Juan Wang Yanhui Wei +3 位作者 Lei Zhang Yiting Jiang Keke Li Dongmei Wan 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第4期722-726,共5页
Background:Extra-pair copulation behavior has been widely studied among socially monogamous birds.Many species revealed high rates of extra-pair paternity.But few of the studies have been carried out in the Asian popu... Background:Extra-pair copulation behavior has been widely studied among socially monogamous birds.Many species revealed high rates of extra-pair paternity.But few of the studies have been carried out in the Asian population.Methods:From 2012 to 2019,we explored the extra-pair paternity of Marsh Tits(Poecile palustris)in Xianrendong National Nature Reserve,Liaoning Province,China.During the study,adult Marsh Tits were captured with mist nets and parental birds,with nest-box traps.Blood samples were taken from the brachial vein.Parentage analyses were carried out using nine highly variable microsatellite loci through Cervus 3.0 software and maximum likelihood approach.Results:Forty-nine offspring(15.08%)from 20 nests(45.45%)were the results of extra-pair fertilization out of a total of 325 offspring in 44 nests.The average extra-pair offspring ratio was 33.54%,with a set varying from 11.11 to 71.43%.Nine extra-pair fathers had been successfully identified,four of whom were the close neighbors of the focus nest while the nests of the remaining five were relatively far.No significant difference was found in the genetic similarity between the social and extra-pair mates of the female,nor in the heterozygosis among the maternal half-siblings.Conclusions:In general,our study proved that the extra-pair paternity in Marsh Tits and its extra-pair mating is independent of the genetic compatibility hypothesis.This complements the understudied bird's extra-pair paternity in Asian area and contributes to the comprehensive insight of birds'extra-pair paternity behaviors. 展开更多
关键词 extra-pair paternity Genetic compatibility hypothesis Marsh Tits MICROSATELLITE
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Extra-pair paternity and antiparasitic defence
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作者 Anders Pape Møller Jørgen Skavdal Søraker Juan JoséSoler 《Avian Research》 CSCD 2020年第4期391-397,共7页
Background:Extra-pair paternity(EPP)in birds provides benefits in terms of more offspring,and characteristics for maintenance of this behaviour have been the subject of investigation.Microorganisms are known to be tra... Background:Extra-pair paternity(EPP)in birds provides benefits in terms of more offspring,and characteristics for maintenance of this behaviour have been the subject of investigation.Microorganisms are known to be transmitted during mating,especially when mating with multiple partners,and factors reducing this cost of multiple mating are expected.Further,plumage brightness and colour intensity have been shown to be important traits to benefits from multiple mating as predicted by sexual selection.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the rate of extra-pair paternity and the relative size of the uropygial gland at the interspecific level,as the uropygial gland is an exocrine gland hypothesized to produce antiparasitic substances and further identified to affect plumage brightness.Because of the expected benefits of large uropygial gland in scenarios of sexual selection,we predicted a positive correlation with EPP.Methods:We collected information from the literature of uropygial gland size and frequency of extra-pair paternity of 60 avian species of different families and explored the predicted positive correlation between them.We did so with means of comparative analyses that considered phylogenetic relationship as random factor and included body mass as covariate.We used Markov chain Monte Carlo generalized linear mixed models that were weighted by number of nests used to estimate extra-pair paternity.Results:We detected a positive relationship between level of extra-pair paternity and uropygial gland size at an interspecific level.This finding is consistent with the prediction.Conclusions:We discuss the importance of this result in scenarios of sexual selection and argue that the detected relationship may have arisen by utilizing antiparasitic secretions through secondary sexual characters indicating parasite resistance. 展开更多
关键词 Antiparasitic defence Costs of extra-pair paternity MICROORGANISMS Uropygial gland Uropygial secretions
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Large-brained birds display lower extra-pair paternity 被引量:2
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作者 Yating LIU Zhengjun WU Wenbo LIAO 《Integrative Zoology》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期278-288,共11页
Extra-pair paternity(EPP)benefits to improve the reproductive success via extra-pair fertilizations without the costs of parental care in males and through improved offspring quality with additional food and parental c... Extra-pair paternity(EPP)benefits to improve the reproductive success via extra-pair fertilizations without the costs of parental care in males and through improved offspring quality with additional food and parental care in females among species of birds.Variations in the EPP appear to link to behavioral and ecological factors and sexual selection.According to the“relationship intelligence hypothesis”,the cognitive abilities of the birds play an important role in maintaining long-term relationships.Here,we undertook thefirst comparative test of the relationships between extra-pair paternity and brain size,testis size,and life histories among 315 species of birds using phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses and path analysis.After controlling for the effects of shared ancestry and body mass,the frequency of EPP was negatively correlated with relative brain size,but positively with testis size across species of birds.However,the frequency of EPP was not linked to life-history traits(e.g.incubation period,fledging period,clutch size,egg mass,and longevity).Ourfindings suggest that large-brained birds associated with enhanced cognitive abilities are more inclined to maintain long-term stable relationships with their mates and to mutualism with them than to increase the frequency of EPP. 展开更多
关键词 brain size cognitive ability extra-pair paternity life history sexual selection
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Development and parentage analysis of SNP markers for Chestnut-vented Nuthatch(Sitta nagaensis)based on ddRAD-seq data
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作者 Qingmiao Yuan Xi Lu +3 位作者 Ruixin Mo Xianyin Xu Xu Luo Yubao Duan 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期271-278,共8页
Extra-pair paternity(EPP)is commonly found in socially monogamous birds,especially in small passerine birds,and there are interspecific and intraspecific variations in the extent of EPP.The Chestnut-vented Nuthatch(Si... Extra-pair paternity(EPP)is commonly found in socially monogamous birds,especially in small passerine birds,and there are interspecific and intraspecific variations in the extent of EPP.The Chestnut-vented Nuthatch(Sitta nagaensis)is a socially monogamous passerine bird,and verifying whether this species has EPP relies on parentage testing-S.nagaensis is not known to have EPP.In this study,we developed SNP markers of this species that are informative for parentage analysis from double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(ddRAD-seq)data.A panel consisting of 50 SNP markers,with a mean heterozygosity of 0.343,was used to resolve 95% of nestlings to fathers.The combined exclusion probabilities for the first parent and second parent were 0.991 and 0.9999,respectively.This panel of SNP markers is a powerful tool for parentage assignments in S.nagaensis.In addition,we found that three offspring(7.9%)from three nests(23.1%)were the result of extra-pair fertilization out of 38 offspring in 13 nests.Our study provided information on parentage analysis that has not been reported before in S.nagaensis.It also supplemented the understudied EPP behavior of birds in Asia,contributing to a general understanding of the EPP behaviors of birds. 展开更多
关键词 Chestnut-vented Nuthatch ddRAD sequencing extra-pair paternity Parentage analysis SNPS
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动物的婚配制度 被引量:11
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作者 张建军 张知彬 《动物学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2003年第2期84-89,共6页
婚配制度是动物种群个体为获得配偶普遍采取的一种行为策略。一般分为单配制、一雄多雌制、一雌多雄制和混交制。作为动物的一种进化稳定对策 ,婚配制度又具有一定的可塑性 ,有时可以逆转 ,有时又是兼性的。配偶外交配主要存在于单配制... 婚配制度是动物种群个体为获得配偶普遍采取的一种行为策略。一般分为单配制、一雄多雌制、一雌多雄制和混交制。作为动物的一种进化稳定对策 ,婚配制度又具有一定的可塑性 ,有时可以逆转 ,有时又是兼性的。配偶外交配主要存在于单配制物种中特别是单配制鸟类中。其发现表明通过观察个体间联系来确定的“社会性婚配制度”和通过个体实际上的交配对象来描述的“遗传性婚配制度”有可能存在差异。婚配制度影响有害动物的不育控制 ,在存在繁殖性竞争的情况下 ,对单配制和一雄多雌制而言 ,不育效果最佳。 展开更多
关键词 动物 婚配制度 行为策略 单配制 一雄多雌制 一雌多雄制 混交制 不育控制 配偶外交配
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男子技巧“双重倒立坠落成颈上倒立”高难创新动作的可行性分析 被引量:1
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作者 赵秋爽 《天津体育学院学报》 CAS CSSCI 北大核心 2003年第3期83-85,共3页
将现役世界冠军作为研究对象,采用文献资料法和专家访问法,对此动作的创新性和动作性质进行了较为深入的研究和探讨,得出的结论为:一方面,此动作不仅完全具备作为难度储备动作的条件,即超前性和创新性,而且还为继续开发此类新的超高难... 将现役世界冠军作为研究对象,采用文献资料法和专家访问法,对此动作的创新性和动作性质进行了较为深入的研究和探讨,得出的结论为:一方面,此动作不仅完全具备作为难度储备动作的条件,即超前性和创新性,而且还为继续开发此类新的超高难创新系列动作奠定基础;另一方面,此动作性质的“特殊性”为拓宽技巧领域的动作范围和丰富动作形式创造了先决条件,在世界大赛中运用具有一定的可行性。 展开更多
关键词 技巧 男双 可行性 超高难度
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Mate choice for major histocompatibility complex(MHC)complementarity in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher(Ficedula zanthopygia)
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作者 Mingju E Xiaolei Song +5 位作者 Liufang Wang Yimo Yang Xianxiu Wei Jiangping Yu Ye Gong Haitao Wang 《Avian Research》 CSCD 2021年第2期218-226,共9页
Background:Genes of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)are an important component of the vertebrate immune system and play a significant role in mate choice in animal populations.However,the MHC genetic targets ... Background:Genes of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)are an important component of the vertebrate immune system and play a significant role in mate choice in animal populations.However,the MHC genetic targets of female mate choice have not been clearly identified,and whether female mate choice is based on neutral genetic characteristics remains an open question.Here,we focus on the effects of morphological traits and genetic similarity among individuals in MHC class IIB(MHC IIB)exon 2 on mating in a sexually dimorphic songbird that exhibits social monogamy with extra-pair paternity(EPP).Methods:We sequenced 64 parent-offspring triads sampled over a 3-year period using two MHC class II loci to detect disassortative mating in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher(Ficedula zanthopygia).Results:We found that MHC similarity in social pairs was lower than that in random pairs.Extra-pair mate choice according to MHC IIB was observed,in which females’extra-pair mates had fewer MHC alleles than their within-pair mates,but there was no significant band-sharing between extra-pair sires and potential extra-pair mates.However,the interaction between the MHC diversity of females and that of the social males affected the occurrence of EPP.Conclusions:Our results support the“optimality hypothesis”of MHC-based social and extra-pair choice.Female choice probably maintains a certain level of MHC diversity in offspring in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher. 展开更多
关键词 extra-pair paternity Mate choice Optimality hypothesis Yellow-rumped Flycatcher
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基于鲁棒性的外加航班机组配对研究
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作者 乐美龙 邹凯中 《华中师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2015年第2期307-313,共7页
为了提高中小型航空公司的服务水平,增强其应对外加航班的灵活性,文章针对外加航班机组配对问题设计了新型的机组配对方案.在基于传统的机组配对模型上,满足外加航班机组配对的要求下,提出具有鲁棒性的机组配对模型.之后通过算例分析,用... 为了提高中小型航空公司的服务水平,增强其应对外加航班的灵活性,文章针对外加航班机组配对问题设计了新型的机组配对方案.在基于传统的机组配对模型上,满足外加航班机组配对的要求下,提出具有鲁棒性的机组配对模型.之后通过算例分析,用CPLEX软件对所建立的模型进行求解,得出了模型下目标函数的最优解.最后通过不同结果的对比,显示了鲁棒性建模方法的好处并表明鲁棒性模型在以相对较小的成本增加而不干扰已有航班的情况下可以为恢复提供自然的选择,为中小型航空公司在处理外加航班问题上提供有意义的参考. 展开更多
关键词 中小型航空公司 外加航班 机组配对 鲁棒性
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杂色山雀的婚外父权与配偶间的遗传相容性无关 被引量:1
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作者 马锐强 常鹏 +3 位作者 万冬梅 鞠静 张雷 李东来 《生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2015年第15期5018-5025,共8页
婚配制度作为一种进化稳定对策是动物对某一环境包括种群内部环境适应的结果。据统计,约92%的鸟类为社会性单配制,但单配制鸟类中很多都存在婚外父权现象,表现出社会性婚配制度与遗传性婚配制度的不一致性。杂色山雀(Parus varius)是一... 婚配制度作为一种进化稳定对策是动物对某一环境包括种群内部环境适应的结果。据统计,约92%的鸟类为社会性单配制,但单配制鸟类中很多都存在婚外父权现象,表现出社会性婚配制度与遗传性婚配制度的不一致性。杂色山雀(Parus varius)是一种社会性单配制的小型森林洞巢鸟,其是否存在婚外父权现象至今尚未见报道。通过对杂色山雀进行亲权鉴定以确定其有无婚外父权现象及婚外父权的比例,结果显示:45.45%(20/44)的巢存在婚外父权,14.39%(38/264)的后代为婚外子代,说明杂色山雀具有较高的婚外父权水平。进一步探究其婚外父权的发生原因,结果如下:(1)有、无婚外父权巢的社会性亲本之间的遗传相似性无显著差异(P=0.504);(2)有婚外父权巢中婚内子代和无婚外父权巢中子代的杂合度(P=0.118)以及有婚外父权巢中婚外子代与婚内子代的杂合度(P=0.206)均无显著差异。(3)有婚外父权巢中的婚内子代与婚外子代间8项体征指标比较,差异均不显著(Ps>0.05)。综上,社会性单配制杂色山雀婚外父权的发生与配偶间的遗传相容性无关,还有待从其他角度进行探究。 展开更多
关键词 婚配制度 婚外父权 遗传相似性 杂合度 杂色山雀
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鸟类婚外配中雌性获益现象研究进展
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作者 赵殿郑 李时 +1 位作者 刘珍妮 姜云垒 《经济动物学报》 CAS 2016年第1期58-62,共5页
婚外配是鸟类复杂的繁殖策略中的重要组成部分。在很多社会性单配制鸟类中,雌性常与社会配偶以外的雄性交配并产生子代。研究发现,超过90%的社会性单配制鸟类产生了婚外子代,平均每巢有11%的后代来自婚外父权。有研究者推测:如果雌性主... 婚外配是鸟类复杂的繁殖策略中的重要组成部分。在很多社会性单配制鸟类中,雌性常与社会配偶以外的雄性交配并产生子代。研究发现,超过90%的社会性单配制鸟类产生了婚外子代,平均每巢有11%的后代来自婚外父权。有研究者推测:如果雌性主动追求婚外配,那它们一定会因此在某些方面获益。本文主要针对鸟类婚外配行为的两个方面的获益情况进行了综述:①雌性基因获益即间接获益;②雌性生态学获益即直接获益。同时结合以往的研究提出了一些新的研究思路与方向,并对婚外配获益的未来研究进行了展望。 展开更多
关键词 婚外配 婚外父权 基因获益 繁殖策略 单配制
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Tl-1223超导体的额外氧效应
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作者 陈霞 蔡华清 《湛江师范学院学报》 2007年第3期37-41,共5页
结合有效价键模型和原子对势的理论计算研究了Tl-1223超导相的Cu-O金字塔五配位上由于Fe掺杂所导致的额外氧效应.研究结果表明:Fe掺杂原子占据Cu晶位后,将导致额外氧进入晶格而占据Ca原子四方网络的间隙位置.Fe掺杂所带来的额外氧,对Cu-... 结合有效价键模型和原子对势的理论计算研究了Tl-1223超导相的Cu-O金字塔五配位上由于Fe掺杂所导致的额外氧效应.研究结果表明:Fe掺杂原子占据Cu晶位后,将导致额外氧进入晶格而占据Ca原子四方网络的间隙位置.Fe掺杂所带来的额外氧,对Cu-O面载流子有很大的局域化作用,导致了载流子浓度降低,同时破坏了Cu-O平面的完整性,也致使Tc下降,这一点得到了超导电性测量的证实. 展开更多
关键词 T1—1223超导体 额外氧效应 有效价键模型 原子对势 Cu-O金字塔五配位
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新奇事物对白眉姬鹟(Ficedula zanthopygia)孵化期离巢时间的影响
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作者 尹君龙 鄂明菊 +3 位作者 李旭东 汪刘芳 王海涛 易国栋 《东北师大学报(自然科学版)》 北大核心 2021年第3期94-98,共5页
利用两种不同颜色的PVC塑料板作为新奇事物检验了其对孵化期白眉姬鹟(Ficedula zanthopygia)雌鸟离巢时间的影响,分析了首枚卵产期、身体质量、窝卵数、是否存在婚外子代与离巢时间的关系.结果表明:在新奇事物的影响下,首枚卵产期和身... 利用两种不同颜色的PVC塑料板作为新奇事物检验了其对孵化期白眉姬鹟(Ficedula zanthopygia)雌鸟离巢时间的影响,分析了首枚卵产期、身体质量、窝卵数、是否存在婚外子代与离巢时间的关系.结果表明:在新奇事物的影响下,首枚卵产期和身体质量与离巢时间呈负相关关系,窝卵数、是否存在婚外子代与离巢时间没有显著的相关关系.未返巢雌鸟和返巢雌鸟在首枚卵产期、身体质量和窝卵数之间没有显著差异.雌鸟觅食时间为(7±4)min/次(n=7),短于7 min与高于7 min的返巢雌鸟在首枚卵产期、身体质量和窝卵数之间没有显著差异.首枚卵产期和身体质量对白眉姬鹟雌鸟面临新奇事物时的行为反应影响较大,但窝卵数和是否存在婚外子代对白眉姬鹟雌鸟在面临新奇事物时的行为反应影响并没有那么明显. 展开更多
关键词 白眉姬鹟 新奇事物 繁殖适合度 婚外配
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鸟类配偶外交配与遗传多样性的相关性研究进展 被引量:1
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作者 张清臣 《自然科学》 2018年第3期157-161,共5页
鸟类的配偶外交配行为是当前行为生态学的热点研究领域。很多鸟类学专家对鸟类的配偶外交配行为发生的机制进行了研究,其关注的问题已经涉及到很多方面,其中之一是遗传多样性和配偶外交配行为的相关性。本文主要在回顾配偶外交配行为研... 鸟类的配偶外交配行为是当前行为生态学的热点研究领域。很多鸟类学专家对鸟类的配偶外交配行为发生的机制进行了研究,其关注的问题已经涉及到很多方面,其中之一是遗传多样性和配偶外交配行为的相关性。本文主要在回顾配偶外交配行为研究的历史发展基础上,介绍遗传多样性和配偶外交配行为的相关研究,从种内和种间的比较研究探索遗传多样性和配偶外交配行为的关系。最后针对性的提出一些存在的问题以及将来研究应侧重的方向。 展开更多
关键词 鸟类 配偶外交配 遗传多样性 种内 种间
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鸟类配偶外交配的研究进展
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作者 曹静文 《自然科学》 2018年第3期147-150,共4页
在鸟类中,社会一夫一妻制不一定意味着遗传一夫一妻制。配偶外交配(extra-pair copulations, EPCs)是许多鸟类的常见繁殖策略。尽管经过了近30年的研究,但EPCs发生的原因及其种间存在的巨大差异仍然没有得到很好的解释。本文从EPCs中两... 在鸟类中,社会一夫一妻制不一定意味着遗传一夫一妻制。配偶外交配(extra-pair copulations, EPCs)是许多鸟类的常见繁殖策略。尽管经过了近30年的研究,但EPCs发生的原因及其种间存在的巨大差异仍然没有得到很好的解释。本文从EPCs中两性成本与收益的权衡、影响EPCs的因素以及未来展望三个角度进行了综述。 展开更多
关键词 配偶外交配 鸟类 综述
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Compton散射下横等离激元与对等离子体作用特性
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作者 程传喜 郝东山 《光学技术》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第1期70-74,共5页
应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型、横等离激元色散方程和Karpman方法,研究了Compton散射对横等离激元与对等离子体作用特性的影响,提出了将入射超强激光和Compton散射作为横等离激元与对离子等离子体非线性作用新机制,给出了横等离激... 应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型、横等离激元色散方程和Karpman方法,研究了Compton散射对横等离激元与对等离子体作用特性的影响,提出了将入射超强激光和Compton散射作为横等离激元与对离子等离子体非线性作用新机制,给出了横等离激元非线性控制方程、等离激元数和能量公式。结果表明:与散射前相比,Compton散射使等离子体密度发生剧烈扰动,高频横等离激元与低密度扰动耦合非线性增强,导致横等离激元落入低密度区的几率增大。等离子体非线性频移和高密度区能量增加,低密度区能量减小,导致横等离激元电场包络迅速坍塌,等离激元数增加,场强度更强。 展开更多
关键词 等离子体 超强激光 横等离激元 对离子等离子体 多光子非线性COMPTON散射
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双峰隧道施工得失剖析
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作者 黄秦 《铁道建筑技术》 2010年第5期120-123,共4页
以双峰隧道施工为案例,由点及面,总结剖析了施工过程中的经验及教训,为后续的隧道项目施工提供参考意见。
关键词 特长隧道 施工剖析 双隧单配
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The evolution of sexual imprinting in socially monogamous populations 被引量:1
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作者 Edith INVERNIZZI R. Tucker GILMAN 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第6期1043-1061,共19页
Sexual imprinting is a common mechanism of mate preference learning. It is thought to influence how traits evolve and in some cases to promote speciation. Recently there has been increasing interest in how sexual impr... Sexual imprinting is a common mechanism of mate preference learning. It is thought to influence how traits evolve and in some cases to promote speciation. Recently there has been increasing interest in how sexual imprinting itself evolves. Theoretical work on polygynous mating systems predicts that females will evolve paternal imprinting, which means they learn to prefer phenotypes expressed by their fathers. In nature however, females of some species learn to prefer phenotypes expressed by their mothers instead. We used a dynamical systems model and tools from adaptive dynamics to study how sexual imprinting evolves in species with socially monogamous mating systems. We considered cases in which the target trait for imprinting is un- der viability selection but is not a reliable signal of paternal investment. Thus, the target trait signals the genetic benefits rather than the parental care benefits of mate choice. When mating is socially monogamous and there is some extra-pair patemity, we show that maternal imprinting can be favored over paternal imprinting. Counterintuitively, females often become choosier when selecting social partners in systems where extra-pair mating is more frequent. That is, females may be more selective when choosing social partners that will sire a smaller percentage of their offspring. Our results offer new testable hypotheses, and ad- vance our understanding of the mechanisms that drive the evolution of mate choice strategies in nature . 展开更多
关键词 Sexual imprinting Mate preference learning MONOGAMY extra-pair mating Evolution Model
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Fitness consequences of divorce in the azure-winged magpie depends on the breeding experience of a new mate 被引量:1
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作者 Li-Fang GAO Hai-Yang ZHANG +3 位作者 Wen ZHANG Xiao-Dan ZHANG Zhen-Qin ZHu Bo Du 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第1期17-25,共9页
Sexual conflict in producing and raising offspring is a critical issue in evolutionary ecology research.Individual experience affects their breeding performance,as measured by such traits of provisioning of offspring ... Sexual conflict in producing and raising offspring is a critical issue in evolutionary ecology research.Individual experience affects their breeding performance,as measured by such traits of provisioning of offspring and engagement in extra-pair copulations,and may cause an imbalance in sexual conflict.Thus,divorce is hypothesized to occur within aged social pairs,irrespective of current reproductive success.This concept was explored in the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus by investigating the divorce of a social pair and its relationship to their changes in breeding performance with prior experience.Females engaging in extra-pair copulation may intensify sexual conflicts and may be the main reason for divorce.Once divorced,females repairing with an inexperienced male realized higher reproductive success than that repairing with an experienced male;males repairing with an experienced female realized higher reproductive success than that repairing with an inexperienced female.This finding indicates that the fitness consequence of divorce depends on the breeding experience of new mates.Divorced females can obtain more extra-pair copulations,whereas divorced males cannot,when they repair with inexperienced breeders.Divorced females provisioned a brood at lower rates than inexperienced females whereas divorced males had no such difference.It appears that divorced females can obtain an advantage in sexual conflicts with inexperienced mates in future reproduction.Consequently,females are probably more active than males in divorcing their aged mates so as to select an inexperienced male as a new mate.Azure-winged magpies thus provide novel insights into the implicaticns of sexual conflict in birds. 展开更多
关键词 breeding experience extra-pair copulation parental care provisioning rate sexual conflict
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北戴河朱鹮野化训练种群的繁殖和婚外配 被引量:1
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作者 王子健 高明 +4 位作者 吕洪伟 易华清 赵雪 段文斌 刘冬平 《动物学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2022年第3期359-367,共9页
为了扩大朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)种群的数量和分布区,于2018年7月从洋县引进20只朱鹮在北戴河建立了朱鹮野化种群。2020年繁殖期,北戴河共有22只朱鹮,其中成年朱鹮17只,雌雄性比为1.1;实际繁殖密度为37.8只/hm2;人工巢的密度为40.0巢/hm2... 为了扩大朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)种群的数量和分布区,于2018年7月从洋县引进20只朱鹮在北戴河建立了朱鹮野化种群。2020年繁殖期,北戴河共有22只朱鹮,其中成年朱鹮17只,雌雄性比为1.1;实际繁殖密度为37.8只/hm2;人工巢的密度为40.0巢/hm2,人工巢筐内径为50 cm。2020年繁殖期,北戴河朱鹮共配对8对,其中6对繁殖成功,营巢成功率为75%;共产卵33枚,平均窝卵数为(4.1±1.8)枚;出壳18只,孵化率54.5%;出飞13只,出飞率72.2%,繁殖成功率为39.4%,繁殖生产力为2.2±1.2。与洋县饲养种群相比,北戴河种群首枚卵的产卵时间晚17 d,与两地温差相吻合。北戴河朱鹮的窝卵数显著高于洋县种群,这可能是由种内巢寄生所致。监控录像表明,北戴河1巢朱鹮的窝卵数高达6枚,超过野生种群平均窝卵数(2或3枚)的2倍,推测发生了种内巢寄生行为。此外,还观察到8号巢朱鹮同时发生了婚外配和种内巢寄生行为,婚外配雌鸟将卵产在该雄鸟的巢中,使得窝卵数高达7枚。此后在该巢中发现3只朱鹮轮流孵卵,以及2只雌性朱鹮并排孵于同一巢中的异常情况。北戴河朱鹮的种内巢寄生行为可能是因网笼内人工巢址密度较高但隐蔽性较低所致,而婚外配行为可能与种群密度和繁殖密度过高有关。本文有关朱鹮异常繁殖行为的研究结果可为野化网笼内人工巢筐的设置和野化种源的选择提供参考,并提示我们进一步关注朱鹮在环境压力下的表型可塑性和生态适应能力。 展开更多
关键词 北戴河 朱鹮 繁殖期 种内巢寄生 婚外配
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