The general hot deformation process consists of two steps, hot pressing and die-upsetting in order to obtain the anisotropic NdFeB magnet. This is the first report that the high anisotropy NdFeB magnets can be fabrica...The general hot deformation process consists of two steps, hot pressing and die-upsetting in order to obtain the anisotropic NdFeB magnet. This is the first report that the high anisotropy NdFeB magnets can be fabricated by single stroke hot deforming the isotropic magnet. The magnetic properties of those materials are: coercivity _iH_c -11 kOe, remanence B_r-12 kG, and the maximum energy product (BH)_max-28 MG.Oe.展开更多
We report on the fabrication of the 10-mm-long lithium niobate ridge waveguide and its supercontinuum generation at near-visible wavelengths(around 800 nm). The waveguides are fabricated by a combination of MeV copper...We report on the fabrication of the 10-mm-long lithium niobate ridge waveguide and its supercontinuum generation at near-visible wavelengths(around 800 nm). The waveguides are fabricated by a combination of MeV copper ion implantation followed by wet etching in a proton exchanged lithium niobate planar waveguide. Using a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with a central wavelength of 800 nm, the generated broadest supercontinuum through the ridge waveguides spans 302 nm(at-30 dB points), from 693 to 995 nm. Temporal coherence properties of the supercontinuum are experimentally studied by a Michelson interferometer and the coherence length of the broadest supercontinuum is measured to be 5.2μm. Our results offer potential for a compact and integrated supercontinuum source for applications including bio-imaging, spectroscopy and optical communication.展开更多
As a newly developed method for fabricating Josephson junctions,a focused helium ion beam has the advantage of producing reliable and reproducible junctions.We fabricated Josephson junctions with a focused helium ion ...As a newly developed method for fabricating Josephson junctions,a focused helium ion beam has the advantage of producing reliable and reproducible junctions.We fabricated Josephson junctions with a focused helium ion beam on our 50 nm YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(YBCO)thin films.We focused on the junction with irradiation doses ranging from 100 to 300 ions/nm and demonstrated that the junction barrier can be modulated by the ion dose and that within this dose range,the junctions behave like superconductor–normal conductor–superconductor junctions.The measurements of the I–V characteristics,Fraunhofer diffraction pattern,and Shapiro steps of the junctions clearly show AC and DC Josephson effects.Our findings demonstrate high reproducibility of junction fabrication using a focused helium ion beam and suggest that commercial devices based on this nanotechnology could operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures.展开更多
This study investigated thickness requirements for field fabricated (large) spherical liquefied natural gas (LNG) pressure vessels using the finite element method. In the FEM modeling, 3-dimenisonal analysis was used ...This study investigated thickness requirements for field fabricated (large) spherical liquefied natural gas (LNG) pressure vessels using the finite element method. In the FEM modeling, 3-dimenisonal analysis was used to determine thickness requirements at different sections of a 5-m radius spherical vessels based on the allowable stress of the material as given in ASME Section II Part D. Shallow triangular element based on shallow shell formation was employed using area coordinate system which had been proved better than the global coordinate system in an earlier work of the authors applied to shop built vessels. This element has five degrees of freedom at each corner node-five of which are the essential external degrees of freedom excluding nodal degree of freedom associated with in plane shell rotation. Set of equations resulting from Finite Element Analysis were solved with computer programme code written in FORTRAN 90 while the thickness requirements of each section of spherical pressure vessels subjected to different loading conditions were determined. The results showed membrane thickness decreasing from the base upwards for LNG vessels but constant thickness for compressed gas vessels. The obtained results were validated using values obtained from ASME Section VIII Part UG. The results showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) with values obtained through ASME Section VIII Part UG.展开更多
Building information modeling(BIM)technology simulates visual information data by integrating the information data of construction projects.The presentation of information parameters allows better collaborative manage...Building information modeling(BIM)technology simulates visual information data by integrating the information data of construction projects.The presentation of information parameters allows better collaborative management of the construction process.BIM technology is applied to integrate information data during the construction of prefabricated structures,analyze the source of information data of construction projects,and build a digital information model.BIM technology consists of information integration function,information data simulation,cross-region coordination and more.Therefore,this paper applies it to the process of prefabricated structure design,puts forward relevant technical research strategies,establishes relevant models,ensures the accuracy of drawing,and simulates the final construction effect according to the combination of arranged relevant parameters.展开更多
Composites are composed of multiphase materials, where each phase has specific properties that differ from those of the other phases which can effect on the whole properties of composite. Nanocomposites are class of m...Composites are composed of multiphase materials, where each phase has specific properties that differ from those of the other phases which can effect on the whole properties of composite. Nanocomposites are class of materials that contain at least one phase in the nanometric size range and can be produced by any suitable technique for preparing nanomaterials. Composites are an interesting class of materials that have recently been used in numerous applications, including structural, biomedical, electronics, and environmental applications. In composites, reinforcements might be fibers, particulates, or whiskers. Mechanical alloying(MA) is a promising technique for producing nanocomposite materials that are difficult or impossible to prepare via conventional techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of nanocomposites prepared by the MA process. The mechanism of milling and other milling parameters are overviewed, and insights into sintering categories and parameters are also presented.展开更多
Nanometer Al2O3 is one of new types of functional materials with broad application and development prospects in the future. The basic principle and ways of nanometer Al2O3 fabricated using sol-gel technique were intro...Nanometer Al2O3 is one of new types of functional materials with broad application and development prospects in the future. The basic principle and ways of nanometer Al2O3 fabricated using sol-gel technique were introduced, and the factors affecting nanometer Al2O3 fabricated using sol-gel method were analyzed. The progress in research on nanometer Al2O3 and the application fields of nanometer Al2O3 were reviewed. The existing problems and the problems prospect for nanometer Al2O3 were pointed out.展开更多
As a bone scaffold,meeting all basic requirements besides dealing with other bone-related issues-bone cancer and accelerated regeneration-is not expected from traditional scaffolds,but a newer class of scaffolds calle...As a bone scaffold,meeting all basic requirements besides dealing with other bone-related issues-bone cancer and accelerated regeneration-is not expected from traditional scaffolds,but a newer class of scaffolds called multifunctional.From a clinical point of view,being a multifunctional scaffold means reducing in healing time,direct costs-medicine,surgery,and hospitalization-and indirect costs-loss of mobility,losing job,and pain.The main aim of the present review is following the multifunctional bone scaffolds trend to deal with both bone regeneration and cancer therapy.Special consideration is given to different fabrication techniques which have been applied to yield these materials spanning from traditional to modern ones.Moreover,the hierarchical structure of bone plus bone cancers and available medicines to them are introduced to familiarize the potential reader of review with the pluri-disciplinary essence of the field.Eventually,a brief discussion relating to the future trend of these materials is provided.展开更多
Spherical pressure vessels in large sizes are generally supported on legs or columns evenly spaced around the circumference. The legs are attached at or near the equator of the sphere. This research work focussed on f...Spherical pressure vessels in large sizes are generally supported on legs or columns evenly spaced around the circumference. The legs are attached at or near the equator of the sphere. This research work focussed on flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports of field fabricated spherical pressure vessels using finite element analysis. Flexuraltorsional buckling is an important limit state that must be considered in structural steel design and it occurs when a structural member experiences significant out-of-plane bending and twisting. This research has therefore considered the total potential energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of a beam-column element. The energy equation was formulated by summing the strain energy and the potential energy of the external loads. The finite element method was applied in conjunction with the energy method to analyze the flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports. To apply the finite element method, the displacement functions are assumed to be cubic polynomials, and the shape functions used to derive the element stiffness and element geometric stiffness matrices. The element stiffness and geometric stiffness matrices were assembled to obtain the global stiffness matrices of the structure. The final finite element equation obtained was in the form of an eigenvalue problem. The flexural-torsional buckling loads of the structure were determined by solving for the eigenvalue of the equation. The resulting eigenvalue equation from the finite element analysis was coded using FORTRAN 90 programming language to aid in the analysis process. To validate FORTRAN 90 coding developed for the finite element analysis and the methodology, the results given by the software were compared to existing solutions and showed no significant difference P > 0.05.展开更多
Preparation of high-quality films plays an important role to achieve high-performance nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells. NF active layer films are typically fabricated by spin coating. Novel fabrication methods to...Preparation of high-quality films plays an important role to achieve high-performance nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells. NF active layer films are typically fabricated by spin coating. Novel fabrication methods to process the NF active layer are desirable to be compatible with large-area production. Herein, we report on the fabrication of NF active layer films via a water transfer printing method.This method delivers a uniform film with controllable film thicknesses. NF active layers of PDBD-T:ITIC and PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F were fabricated via the method to validate its effectiveness. Solar cells with the water transfer-printed active layers show comparable performance (up to 11.7%) to the cells with spin-coated active layers. Furthermore, NF solar modules containing 4-sub cells with the active area of 3.2 cm2 are also fabricated via the method. The module shows VOC of up to 3.4 V and a power conversion efficiency of 8.1% with the PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F active layer.展开更多
China has had 30 years experience in titanium research,development,production and appli-cation so far.It was really a rough and bumpy road for developing Ti working industry,however,since a large amount of work was do...China has had 30 years experience in titanium research,development,production and appli-cation so far.It was really a rough and bumpy road for developing Ti working industry,however,since a large amount of work was done and great many achievements were obtained by the scien-tists and engineers in this field,a firm base of Ti working industry has been established in China atlast.Especially since the beginning of 1980 s,it has been developed to a new level.On these bases,afavourable condition to speed up the development of Ti working industry arises in China.展开更多
This paper reports on the fabrication and sensing characteristics of Polyimide-based humidity sensor,based on that,a new integrated circuit of humidity measurement has been designed.It is a novel capacitive-type syste...This paper reports on the fabrication and sensing characteristics of Polyimide-based humidity sensor,based on that,a new integrated circuit of humidity measurement has been designed.It is a novel capacitive-type systems on a chip structure using the MEMS process.The results show that the new sensor presents sensing characteristics over a humidity range from 10%～70% RH at 20℃,and the sensor is able to fabricated together with ICs technology.The result shows that integration of humidity sensor with integrated circuit of humidity measurement is considerably easier when they are built in sensing groove.The appeal of a new structure like this brings the possibility of applications that would require the flexibility of simple screen printing.展开更多
GaN has been widely used in the fabrication of ultraviolet photodetectors because of its outstanding properties.In this paper,we report a graphene–GaN nanorod heterostructure photodetector with fast photoresponse in ...GaN has been widely used in the fabrication of ultraviolet photodetectors because of its outstanding properties.In this paper,we report a graphene–GaN nanorod heterostructure photodetector with fast photoresponse in the UV range.GaN nanorods were fabricated by a combination mode of dry etching and wet etching.Furthermore,a graphene–GaN nanorod heterostructure ultraviolet detector was fabricated and its photoelectric properties were measured.The device exhibits a fast photoresponse in the UV range.The rising time and falling time of the transient response were 13 and 8 ms,respectively.A high photovoltaic responsivity up to 13.9 A/W and external quantum efficiency up to 479%were realized at the UV range.The specific detectivity D*=1.44×10^(10) Jones was obtained at–1 V bias in ambient conditions.The spectral response was measured and the highest response was observed at the 360 nm band.展开更多
This study proposes three possible keel-surface layer combinations to implement a new type of thermally insulating decorative wall system.A set of 8 samples has been studied.In particular,through theoretical calculati...This study proposes three possible keel-surface layer combinations to implement a new type of thermally insulating decorative wall system.A set of 8 samples has been studied.In particular,through theoretical calculations,simulations,and experimental verification,the influence of different types of connecting structures on the overall thermal performance of the wall system has been determined.It has been found that a proper combination of these elements can meet existing energy-saving standards and effectively reduce the energy loss caused by thermal bridges due to the installation of steel keels at the edges of integrated wall panels.展开更多
For the purpose of improving the precision of the inertial guidance system,it is necessary to enhance the accuracy of the accelerometer.Combining the micro-fabrication processes with resonant sensor technology,a high-...For the purpose of improving the precision of the inertial guidance system,it is necessary to enhance the accuracy of the accelerometer.Combining the micro-fabrication processes with resonant sensor technology,a high-resolution inertial-grade novel micro resonant accelerometer is studied.Based on the detecting theory of the resonant sensors,the accelerometer is designed,fabricated,and tested.The accelerometer consists of one proofmass,two micro leverages and two double-ended-tuning-fork (DETF) resonators.The sensing principle of this accelerometer is based on that the natural frequency of the DETF resonator shifts with its axial load which is caused by inertial force.The push-pull configuration of the DETF is for temperature compensation.The two-stage micro leverage mechanisms are employed to amplify the force and increase the sensitivity of the accelerometer.The micro leverage and the resonator are modeled for static analysis and nonlinear modal analysis via theory method and finite element method (FEM),respectively.The geometrical parameters of them are optimized.The amplification factor of the leverage is 102,and the sensitivity of the resonator on theory is about 62 Hz/g.The samples of the accelerometer are fabricated with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology which can get a high-aspect ratio structure for contributing a greater sensing-capacitance.The measuring results of the samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the process is feasible,because of the complete structure,the sound combs and micro leverages,and the acceptable errors.The frequency of the resonator and the sensitivity of the accelerometer are tested via printed circuit board (PCB),respectively.The result of the test shows that the frequency of the push-resonator is about 54 530 Hz and the sensitivity of the accelerometer is about 55 Hz/g.The amplification factor of the leverage is calculated more accurately because the coupling of the two stages leverage is considered during derivation of the analysis formula.In addition,the novel differential structure of the accelerometer can greatly improve the sensitivity of the accelerometers.展开更多
This paper investigates an open web truss joist (OWTJ) made of laminated </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">veneer lumber (LVL) </span><i><span style="font-...This paper investigates an open web truss joist (OWTJ) made of laminated </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">veneer lumber (LVL) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Paraserianthes falctaria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> as a prefabricated tim</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ber</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">concrete </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">composite floor system. The four-point bending test showed that structura</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l performances of the OWTJ, conventional composite floor (CCF), and prefabricated composite floor (PCF) were similar. Although composite action was not developed as no lateral deformation was observed at the shear connectors, in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stalling a concrete slab above the OWTJ can slightly increase the ductility</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> factor of the composite floor. Furthermore, a finite element model was developed, and the model proved to be suitable for simulating the structural performance of the composite floor.展开更多
Heavy metal exposure remains a significant public health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where use of artisanal cookware made from recycled metallic materials is still common. In this study, the effect of ...Heavy metal exposure remains a significant public health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where use of artisanal cookware made from recycled metallic materials is still common. In this study, the effect of cookware composition, cleaning material, heating duration and temperature on metal migration from different cookware, including artisanal pans was investigated. Trace element concentrations were determined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Locally fabricated cookware leached the highest levels of metals, where the levels of Pb (9.00 ± 0.80 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l), Al (11.40 ± 0.02 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l), Cd (5.80 ± 0.30 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l), Cr (6.60 ± 0.03 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l) and Ni (3.00 ± 0.01 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l) were above the WHO permissible limits of heavy metals for drinking water. Steel wire was the most aggressive cleaning material to the cookware surfaces, followed by sand and then ash. For cookware heated at 100°C and above, an exponential relationship between temperature and the migration of Al, Pb and Cd was observed. The findings revealed heavy metal exposure from cookware usage, which poses potential health risks to the population. There is need for policies and civic education to minimize this exposure.</sup>展开更多
Phalloplasty is a complex set of procedures used in efforts to improve the anatomical,physiological,and aesthetic deficiencies caused by loss or absence of the penis.Methods have evolved significantly,and the use of f...Phalloplasty is a complex set of procedures used in efforts to improve the anatomical,physiological,and aesthetic deficiencies caused by loss or absence of the penis.Methods have evolved significantly,and the use of free tissue transfer has become common amongst reconstructive surgeons.The inclusion of bone autograft,usually radius or fibula,within the neophallus has caused significant morbidity,and efforts continue to find the optimal solution.We present a novel approach using a pre-fabricated,radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap containing cadaveric bone graft for phalloplasty following traumatic penis amputation.展开更多
文摘The general hot deformation process consists of two steps, hot pressing and die-upsetting in order to obtain the anisotropic NdFeB magnet. This is the first report that the high anisotropy NdFeB magnets can be fabricated by single stroke hot deforming the isotropic magnet. The magnetic properties of those materials are: coercivity _iH_c -11 kOe, remanence B_r-12 kG, and the maximum energy product (BH)_max-28 MG.Oe.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61575129 and 11375105the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant No 2016M602511+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning under Grant No JCYJ20160422142912923the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University
文摘We report on the fabrication of the 10-mm-long lithium niobate ridge waveguide and its supercontinuum generation at near-visible wavelengths(around 800 nm). The waveguides are fabricated by a combination of MeV copper ion implantation followed by wet etching in a proton exchanged lithium niobate planar waveguide. Using a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with a central wavelength of 800 nm, the generated broadest supercontinuum through the ridge waveguides spans 302 nm(at-30 dB points), from 693 to 995 nm. Temporal coherence properties of the supercontinuum are experimentally studied by a Michelson interferometer and the coherence length of the broadest supercontinuum is measured to be 5.2μm. Our results offer potential for a compact and integrated supercontinuum source for applications including bio-imaging, spectroscopy and optical communication.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0601901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61571019)。
文摘As a newly developed method for fabricating Josephson junctions,a focused helium ion beam has the advantage of producing reliable and reproducible junctions.We fabricated Josephson junctions with a focused helium ion beam on our 50 nm YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(YBCO)thin films.We focused on the junction with irradiation doses ranging from 100 to 300 ions/nm and demonstrated that the junction barrier can be modulated by the ion dose and that within this dose range,the junctions behave like superconductor–normal conductor–superconductor junctions.The measurements of the I–V characteristics,Fraunhofer diffraction pattern,and Shapiro steps of the junctions clearly show AC and DC Josephson effects.Our findings demonstrate high reproducibility of junction fabrication using a focused helium ion beam and suggest that commercial devices based on this nanotechnology could operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures.
文摘This study investigated thickness requirements for field fabricated (large) spherical liquefied natural gas (LNG) pressure vessels using the finite element method. In the FEM modeling, 3-dimenisonal analysis was used to determine thickness requirements at different sections of a 5-m radius spherical vessels based on the allowable stress of the material as given in ASME Section II Part D. Shallow triangular element based on shallow shell formation was employed using area coordinate system which had been proved better than the global coordinate system in an earlier work of the authors applied to shop built vessels. This element has five degrees of freedom at each corner node-five of which are the essential external degrees of freedom excluding nodal degree of freedom associated with in plane shell rotation. Set of equations resulting from Finite Element Analysis were solved with computer programme code written in FORTRAN 90 while the thickness requirements of each section of spherical pressure vessels subjected to different loading conditions were determined. The results showed membrane thickness decreasing from the base upwards for LNG vessels but constant thickness for compressed gas vessels. The obtained results were validated using values obtained from ASME Section VIII Part UG. The results showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) with values obtained through ASME Section VIII Part UG.
文摘Building information modeling(BIM)technology simulates visual information data by integrating the information data of construction projects.The presentation of information parameters allows better collaborative management of the construction process.BIM technology is applied to integrate information data during the construction of prefabricated structures,analyze the source of information data of construction projects,and build a digital information model.BIM technology consists of information integration function,information data simulation,cross-region coordination and more.Therefore,this paper applies it to the process of prefabricated structure design,puts forward relevant technical research strategies,establishes relevant models,ensures the accuracy of drawing,and simulates the final construction effect according to the combination of arranged relevant parameters.
文摘Composites are composed of multiphase materials, where each phase has specific properties that differ from those of the other phases which can effect on the whole properties of composite. Nanocomposites are class of materials that contain at least one phase in the nanometric size range and can be produced by any suitable technique for preparing nanomaterials. Composites are an interesting class of materials that have recently been used in numerous applications, including structural, biomedical, electronics, and environmental applications. In composites, reinforcements might be fibers, particulates, or whiskers. Mechanical alloying(MA) is a promising technique for producing nanocomposite materials that are difficult or impossible to prepare via conventional techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of nanocomposites prepared by the MA process. The mechanism of milling and other milling parameters are overviewed, and insights into sintering categories and parameters are also presented.
文摘Nanometer Al2O3 is one of new types of functional materials with broad application and development prospects in the future. The basic principle and ways of nanometer Al2O3 fabricated using sol-gel technique were introduced, and the factors affecting nanometer Al2O3 fabricated using sol-gel method were analyzed. The progress in research on nanometer Al2O3 and the application fields of nanometer Al2O3 were reviewed. The existing problems and the problems prospect for nanometer Al2O3 were pointed out.
文摘As a bone scaffold,meeting all basic requirements besides dealing with other bone-related issues-bone cancer and accelerated regeneration-is not expected from traditional scaffolds,but a newer class of scaffolds called multifunctional.From a clinical point of view,being a multifunctional scaffold means reducing in healing time,direct costs-medicine,surgery,and hospitalization-and indirect costs-loss of mobility,losing job,and pain.The main aim of the present review is following the multifunctional bone scaffolds trend to deal with both bone regeneration and cancer therapy.Special consideration is given to different fabrication techniques which have been applied to yield these materials spanning from traditional to modern ones.Moreover,the hierarchical structure of bone plus bone cancers and available medicines to them are introduced to familiarize the potential reader of review with the pluri-disciplinary essence of the field.Eventually,a brief discussion relating to the future trend of these materials is provided.
文摘Spherical pressure vessels in large sizes are generally supported on legs or columns evenly spaced around the circumference. The legs are attached at or near the equator of the sphere. This research work focussed on flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports of field fabricated spherical pressure vessels using finite element analysis. Flexuraltorsional buckling is an important limit state that must be considered in structural steel design and it occurs when a structural member experiences significant out-of-plane bending and twisting. This research has therefore considered the total potential energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of a beam-column element. The energy equation was formulated by summing the strain energy and the potential energy of the external loads. The finite element method was applied in conjunction with the energy method to analyze the flexural-torsional buckling of beam-column supports. To apply the finite element method, the displacement functions are assumed to be cubic polynomials, and the shape functions used to derive the element stiffness and element geometric stiffness matrices. The element stiffness and geometric stiffness matrices were assembled to obtain the global stiffness matrices of the structure. The final finite element equation obtained was in the form of an eigenvalue problem. The flexural-torsional buckling loads of the structure were determined by solving for the eigenvalue of the equation. The resulting eigenvalue equation from the finite element analysis was coded using FORTRAN 90 programming language to aid in the analysis process. To validate FORTRAN 90 coding developed for the finite element analysis and the methodology, the results given by the software were compared to existing solutions and showed no significant difference P > 0.05.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 21474035, 51773072)the HUST Innovation Research Fund (Grant nos. 2016JCTD111, 2017KFKJXX012)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province (2017AHB040)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (2016M602289)
文摘Preparation of high-quality films plays an important role to achieve high-performance nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells. NF active layer films are typically fabricated by spin coating. Novel fabrication methods to process the NF active layer are desirable to be compatible with large-area production. Herein, we report on the fabrication of NF active layer films via a water transfer printing method.This method delivers a uniform film with controllable film thicknesses. NF active layers of PDBD-T:ITIC and PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F were fabricated via the method to validate its effectiveness. Solar cells with the water transfer-printed active layers show comparable performance (up to 11.7%) to the cells with spin-coated active layers. Furthermore, NF solar modules containing 4-sub cells with the active area of 3.2 cm2 are also fabricated via the method. The module shows VOC of up to 3.4 V and a power conversion efficiency of 8.1% with the PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F active layer.
文摘China has had 30 years experience in titanium research,development,production and appli-cation so far.It was really a rough and bumpy road for developing Ti working industry,however,since a large amount of work was done and great many achievements were obtained by the scien-tists and engineers in this field,a firm base of Ti working industry has been established in China atlast.Especially since the beginning of 1980 s,it has been developed to a new level.On these bases,afavourable condition to speed up the development of Ti working industry arises in China.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Under Grant No.（60676044）
文摘This paper reports on the fabrication and sensing characteristics of Polyimide-based humidity sensor,based on that,a new integrated circuit of humidity measurement has been designed.It is a novel capacitive-type systems on a chip structure using the MEMS process.The results show that the new sensor presents sensing characteristics over a humidity range from 10%～70% RH at 20℃,and the sensor is able to fabricated together with ICs technology.The result shows that integration of humidity sensor with integrated circuit of humidity measurement is considerably easier when they are built in sensing groove.The appeal of a new structure like this brings the possibility of applications that would require the flexibility of simple screen printing.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Changchun University of Science and Technology under Grant No. 6141B010328
文摘GaN has been widely used in the fabrication of ultraviolet photodetectors because of its outstanding properties.In this paper,we report a graphene–GaN nanorod heterostructure photodetector with fast photoresponse in the UV range.GaN nanorods were fabricated by a combination mode of dry etching and wet etching.Furthermore,a graphene–GaN nanorod heterostructure ultraviolet detector was fabricated and its photoelectric properties were measured.The device exhibits a fast photoresponse in the UV range.The rising time and falling time of the transient response were 13 and 8 ms,respectively.A high photovoltaic responsivity up to 13.9 A/W and external quantum efficiency up to 479%were realized at the UV range.The specific detectivity D*=1.44×10^(10) Jones was obtained at–1 V bias in ambient conditions.The spectral response was measured and the highest response was observed at the 360 nm band.
基金The research content of this paper comes from the Urban and Rural Construction Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province,China,Subject No.2018-K9-07.
文摘This study proposes three possible keel-surface layer combinations to implement a new type of thermally insulating decorative wall system.A set of 8 samples has been studied.In particular,through theoretical calculations,simulations,and experimental verification,the influence of different types of connecting structures on the overall thermal performance of the wall system has been determined.It has been found that a proper combination of these elements can meet existing energy-saving standards and effectively reduce the energy loss caused by thermal bridges due to the installation of steel keels at the edges of integrated wall panels.
文摘For the purpose of improving the precision of the inertial guidance system,it is necessary to enhance the accuracy of the accelerometer.Combining the micro-fabrication processes with resonant sensor technology,a high-resolution inertial-grade novel micro resonant accelerometer is studied.Based on the detecting theory of the resonant sensors,the accelerometer is designed,fabricated,and tested.The accelerometer consists of one proofmass,two micro leverages and two double-ended-tuning-fork (DETF) resonators.The sensing principle of this accelerometer is based on that the natural frequency of the DETF resonator shifts with its axial load which is caused by inertial force.The push-pull configuration of the DETF is for temperature compensation.The two-stage micro leverage mechanisms are employed to amplify the force and increase the sensitivity of the accelerometer.The micro leverage and the resonator are modeled for static analysis and nonlinear modal analysis via theory method and finite element method (FEM),respectively.The geometrical parameters of them are optimized.The amplification factor of the leverage is 102,and the sensitivity of the resonator on theory is about 62 Hz/g.The samples of the accelerometer are fabricated with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology which can get a high-aspect ratio structure for contributing a greater sensing-capacitance.The measuring results of the samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the process is feasible,because of the complete structure,the sound combs and micro leverages,and the acceptable errors.The frequency of the resonator and the sensitivity of the accelerometer are tested via printed circuit board (PCB),respectively.The result of the test shows that the frequency of the push-resonator is about 54 530 Hz and the sensitivity of the accelerometer is about 55 Hz/g.The amplification factor of the leverage is calculated more accurately because the coupling of the two stages leverage is considered during derivation of the analysis formula.In addition,the novel differential structure of the accelerometer can greatly improve the sensitivity of the accelerometers.
文摘This paper investigates an open web truss joist (OWTJ) made of laminated </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">veneer lumber (LVL) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Paraserianthes falctaria</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> as a prefabricated tim</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ber</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">concrete </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">composite floor system. The four-point bending test showed that structura</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l performances of the OWTJ, conventional composite floor (CCF), and prefabricated composite floor (PCF) were similar. Although composite action was not developed as no lateral deformation was observed at the shear connectors, in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stalling a concrete slab above the OWTJ can slightly increase the ductility</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> factor of the composite floor. Furthermore, a finite element model was developed, and the model proved to be suitable for simulating the structural performance of the composite floor.
文摘Heavy metal exposure remains a significant public health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where use of artisanal cookware made from recycled metallic materials is still common. In this study, the effect of cookware composition, cleaning material, heating duration and temperature on metal migration from different cookware, including artisanal pans was investigated. Trace element concentrations were determined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Locally fabricated cookware leached the highest levels of metals, where the levels of Pb (9.00 ± 0.80 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l), Al (11.40 ± 0.02 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l), Cd (5.80 ± 0.30 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l), Cr (6.60 ± 0.03 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l) and Ni (3.00 ± 0.01 × 10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l) were above the WHO permissible limits of heavy metals for drinking water. Steel wire was the most aggressive cleaning material to the cookware surfaces, followed by sand and then ash. For cookware heated at 100°C and above, an exponential relationship between temperature and the migration of Al, Pb and Cd was observed. The findings revealed heavy metal exposure from cookware usage, which poses potential health risks to the population. There is need for policies and civic education to minimize this exposure.</sup>
文摘Phalloplasty is a complex set of procedures used in efforts to improve the anatomical,physiological,and aesthetic deficiencies caused by loss or absence of the penis.Methods have evolved significantly,and the use of free tissue transfer has become common amongst reconstructive surgeons.The inclusion of bone autograft,usually radius or fibula,within the neophallus has caused significant morbidity,and efforts continue to find the optimal solution.We present a novel approach using a pre-fabricated,radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap containing cadaveric bone graft for phalloplasty following traumatic penis amputation.
