Cardiotocography(CTG)represents the fetus’s health inside the womb during labor.However,assessment of its readings can be a highly subjective process depending on the expertise of the obstetrician.Digital signals fro...Cardiotocography(CTG)represents the fetus’s health inside the womb during labor.However,assessment of its readings can be a highly subjective process depending on the expertise of the obstetrician.Digital signals from fetal monitors acquire parameters(i.e.,fetal heart rate,contractions,acceleration).Objective:This paper aims to classify the CTG readings containing imbalanced healthy,suspected,and pathological fetus readings.Method:We perform two sets of experiments.Firstly,we employ five classifiers:Random Forest(RF),Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost),Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LGBM)without over-sampling to classify CTG readings into three categories:healthy,suspected,and pathological.Secondly,we employ an ensemble of the above-described classifiers with the oversamplingmethod.We use a random over-sampling technique to balance CTG records to train the ensemble models.We use 3602 CTG readings to train the ensemble classifiers and 1201 records to evaluate them.The outcomes of these classifiers are then fed into the soft voting classifier to obtain the most accurate results.Results:Each classifier evaluates accuracy,Precision,Recall,F1-scores,and Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve(AUROC)values.Results reveal that the XGBoost,LGBM,and CatBoost classifiers yielded 99%accuracy.Conclusion:Using ensemble classifiers over a balanced CTG dataset improves the detection accuracy compared to the previous studies and our first experiment.A soft voting classifier then eliminates the weakness of one individual classifier to yield superior performance of the overall model.展开更多
Despite the fact that Taijiao(traditional Chinese eugenics) has been part of the Chinese obstetrical culture over the years, there is insufficient scientific evidence for its effectiveness. This literature review anal...Despite the fact that Taijiao(traditional Chinese eugenics) has been part of the Chinese obstetrical culture over the years, there is insufficient scientific evidence for its effectiveness. This literature review analyzes the discourse on Taijiao associated with physical and psychological maternal—fetal symbiosis, together with relevant peripheral research outcomes. Taijiao combines maternal health and external environment for benefits in fetal growth through preventive, indirect, and direct measures. Discussing practical im-plications and future research directions, this review reveals a modernized Taijiao to be a holistic, non-invasive pregnancy management system using a multi-disciplinary approach that enhances infantile life quality, reduces negative consequences of pregnancy deficits and child development, and saves public health expenditure.展开更多
Walking is the most commonly chosen type of physical activity(PA)during pregnancy and provides several health benefits to both mother and child.National initiatives have promoted the importance of walking in general,b...Walking is the most commonly chosen type of physical activity(PA)during pregnancy and provides several health benefits to both mother and child.National initiatives have promoted the importance of walking in general,but little emphasis is directed toward pregnant women,the majority of whom are insufficiently active.Pregnant women face a variety of dynamic barriers to a physically active lifestyle,some of which are more commonly experienced during specific times throughout the pregnancy experience.Walking is unique in that it appears resistant to a number of these barriers that limit other types of PA participation,and it can be meaningfully integrated into some transportation and occupational activities when leisure-time options are unavailable.Preliminary intervention work suggests that walking programs can be effectively adopted into a typical pregnancy lifestyle.However,a great deal of work remains to administer successful pregnancy walking interventions,including developing and using validated methods of PA and walking assessment.This narrative review discusses the unique advantages of walking during pregnancy,provides recommendations for future intervention work,and outlines the need for pregnancy-focused community walking initiatives.Standard search procedures were followed to determine sources from the literature specific to walking during pregnancy for use in each section of this review.展开更多
文摘Cardiotocography(CTG)represents the fetus’s health inside the womb during labor.However,assessment of its readings can be a highly subjective process depending on the expertise of the obstetrician.Digital signals from fetal monitors acquire parameters(i.e.,fetal heart rate,contractions,acceleration).Objective:This paper aims to classify the CTG readings containing imbalanced healthy,suspected,and pathological fetus readings.Method:We perform two sets of experiments.Firstly,we employ five classifiers:Random Forest(RF),Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost),Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LGBM)without over-sampling to classify CTG readings into three categories:healthy,suspected,and pathological.Secondly,we employ an ensemble of the above-described classifiers with the oversamplingmethod.We use a random over-sampling technique to balance CTG records to train the ensemble models.We use 3602 CTG readings to train the ensemble classifiers and 1201 records to evaluate them.The outcomes of these classifiers are then fed into the soft voting classifier to obtain the most accurate results.Results:Each classifier evaluates accuracy,Precision,Recall,F1-scores,and Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve(AUROC)values.Results reveal that the XGBoost,LGBM,and CatBoost classifiers yielded 99%accuracy.Conclusion:Using ensemble classifiers over a balanced CTG dataset improves the detection accuracy compared to the previous studies and our first experiment.A soft voting classifier then eliminates the weakness of one individual classifier to yield superior performance of the overall model.
文摘Despite the fact that Taijiao(traditional Chinese eugenics) has been part of the Chinese obstetrical culture over the years, there is insufficient scientific evidence for its effectiveness. This literature review analyzes the discourse on Taijiao associated with physical and psychological maternal—fetal symbiosis, together with relevant peripheral research outcomes. Taijiao combines maternal health and external environment for benefits in fetal growth through preventive, indirect, and direct measures. Discussing practical im-plications and future research directions, this review reveals a modernized Taijiao to be a holistic, non-invasive pregnancy management system using a multi-disciplinary approach that enhances infantile life quality, reduces negative consequences of pregnancy deficits and child development, and saves public health expenditure.
文摘Walking is the most commonly chosen type of physical activity(PA)during pregnancy and provides several health benefits to both mother and child.National initiatives have promoted the importance of walking in general,but little emphasis is directed toward pregnant women,the majority of whom are insufficiently active.Pregnant women face a variety of dynamic barriers to a physically active lifestyle,some of which are more commonly experienced during specific times throughout the pregnancy experience.Walking is unique in that it appears resistant to a number of these barriers that limit other types of PA participation,and it can be meaningfully integrated into some transportation and occupational activities when leisure-time options are unavailable.Preliminary intervention work suggests that walking programs can be effectively adopted into a typical pregnancy lifestyle.However,a great deal of work remains to administer successful pregnancy walking interventions,including developing and using validated methods of PA and walking assessment.This narrative review discusses the unique advantages of walking during pregnancy,provides recommendations for future intervention work,and outlines the need for pregnancy-focused community walking initiatives.Standard search procedures were followed to determine sources from the literature specific to walking during pregnancy for use in each section of this review.
