[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertili...[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.展开更多
In order to explore the differences of amino acids in root exudates and plant tissues,we selected four flue-cured tobacco varieties [Yunyan 87(Ⅰ),K326( Ⅱ),NC102( Ⅲ),Hongda( Ⅳ) ]as the test materials and studied th...In order to explore the differences of amino acids in root exudates and plant tissues,we selected four flue-cured tobacco varieties [Yunyan 87(Ⅰ),K326( Ⅱ),NC102( Ⅲ),Hongda( Ⅳ) ]as the test materials and studied the components and mass fractions of amino acids in rhizosphere soil,non rhizosphere soil,roots and leaves via high performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Ten amino acids were detected out from four varieties,including histidine,lysine,tryptophan,phenylalanine,valine,threonine,proline,serine,alanine and glycine. The mass fractions of amino acids in leaves and roots were higher than those in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil. In rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil,the mass fractions of lysine,phenylalanine,threonine,proline and glycine in susceptible varieties( Ⅲ,Ⅳ) were higher than those in resistant varieties(Ⅰ,Ⅱ). In rhizosphere soil,the total amino acids successively were Ⅳ > Ⅲ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ,and in non rhizosphere soil were Ⅲ > Ⅳ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ. The total amino acids in roots of variety Ⅳ was the highest,up to 6 359. 195 μg / g. In leaves,the total amino acids in varietiesⅠand Ⅱ were higher than those in varieties Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The results indicated that amino acids could secrete to rhizosphere via root secretion,and the compositions and mass fractions of amino acids varied with flue-cured tobacco varieties,thus the secretion amount of susceptible varieties was higher than that of resistant varieties.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco Cuibi-1.[Methods]From 2015 to 2016,the experiment of spraying Saikun multi-trace element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out.[Results]7 d...[Objectives]To optimize the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco Cuibi-1.[Methods]From 2015 to 2016,the experiment of spraying Saikun multi-trace element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out.[Results]7 d and 14 d after transplanting tobacco seedlings,3750 mL/ha,300 times diluted Sakun multi-trace element aqueous solution was sprayed,the growth period of Cuibi-1 in the field was extended by 3-5 d.The incidence of mosaic disease at the rosette stage and granuville wilt at the foot leaf harvesting and curing stage decreased by 4.50-20.85 kg/ha,the yield increased by 67.8-68.7 kg/ha,the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 1.29-3.01 percentage points,and the output value increased by 2692.5-3441 yuan/ha,the sensory smoking quality has improved.[Conclusions]Increasing the application of multiple trace elements can increase the economic benefit and industrial use value of tobacco leaf production of Cuibi-1.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the activity of main antioxidants in flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test mater...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the activity of main antioxidants in flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test material for pot planting.Xuanwei County(1997 m)in Qujing Tobacco District,Yunnan was selected as the test point.Three levels of UV-B radiation was set to investigate the activity of PPO,SOD,POD and CAT and the contents of flavonoids and malondialdehyde during the development of the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the same planting area by reducing the natural conditions by 75.04%(A1),70.01%(A2)and 30.02%(A3),respectively.[Results]Reducing UV-B radiation significantly increased the activity of tobacco SOD,POD and CAT,which showed that flue-cured tobacco in the low-latitude plateau area of Yunnan has adapted to the higher local UV-B radiation,and the flue-cured tobacco has formed a unique antioxidant enzyme system.The weakening of UV-B radiation treatment might partially change the antioxidant enzyme system of flue-cured tobacco,but there were no significant differences in the activity of antioxidant enzymes between different degrees of weakening UV-B radiation.The change trends of flavonoids and malondialdehyde in leaves at two different leaf positions were similar.The malondialdehyde content of treatment A1 was significantly higher than those of the CK,A2 and A3,and 70.01%-75.04% of UV-B radiation intensity might be the lower limit of Yunyan 87's adaptability to UV-B radiation.With the decrease of UV-B radiation,the sensitivity of flue-cured tobacco gradually decreased.[Conclusions]This study made a preliminary exploration for explaining the correlation of UV-B radiation and Yunnan flue-cured tobacco.展开更多
Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and ...Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and level of boron fertilizer supply of red soil in the Honghe tobacco area. In this study,the randomized block design was used to study different boron fertilizer supply methods and levels. The results showed that during transplanting,it was good to apply 1. 50 kg/ha Fertibor boron with pure boron content≥15%; at the resettling stage,it was good to spray 225 kg solution composed of 75 m L/ha Compo liquid boron with pure boron content≥130 g/L mixed with water onto leaves when night fell in a sunny day. The two fertilization methods had better effect than the basal application of boron fertilizer,and the resistance to pests and diseases or economic character of tobacco plants was better than under spraying treatment.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of plant extract mixture on growth and development,photosynthetic indexes and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Using field test method,a total of five treatme...[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of plant extract mixture on growth and development,photosynthetic indexes and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Using field test method,a total of five treatments were designed in the test,including T1(control,conven-tional pesticide control),T2(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15 and 30 d post transplanting),T3(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30 and 45 d post transplanting),T4(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45 and 60 d post transplanting),and T5(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45,60 and 75 d post transplanting).In addition,flue-cured tobacco in treatments T2-T5 were sprayed with antiviral agent once at 30 d post transplanting,and sprayed with quality promoting agent at 30 and 75 d post transplanting,respectively.[Result]The agronomic traits and photosynthetic indexes of all treatments were improved by spraying plant extract mixture,and those in T5 treatment were the best.Spraying plant extract mixture had significant control effect on brown spot;the disease index in T5 treatment was the lowest,and the control effect was the best.The results showed that spraying plant extract mixture promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,reduced the disease index of brown spot,and improved the quality of tobacco leaves.[Conclusion]Spraying plant extract mixture has positive effect on growth and development and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.展开更多
Based on the investigation of the amount of labor used in each production link of flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang since 1989,and through the analysis of the changes of labor-related factors,it is concluded that...Based on the investigation of the amount of labor used in each production link of flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang since 1989,and through the analysis of the changes of labor-related factors,it is concluded that the amount of labor used in tobacco planting in Liuyang experienced a significant increase and relatively stable stage in the early 1990s,and it has been declining continuously since the beginning of the 21st century;the change of flue-cured tobacco planting technology mode,as well as mechanized,large-scale and specialized production are the main factors that affect the change of the amount of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang.Based on the method of changing the technical model to reduce amount of labor used,the types of labor used for planting of flue-cured tobacco can be divided into the following types:reducing the amount of labor by technical methods;reducing the amount of labor by making use of weather;reducing the amount of labor by using drugs;reducing the amount of labor used at the cost of reducing the technical implementation standards of a certain production link.The change of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting is not only related to the cost and price factors,but also related to the profound social and economic background.In the future,reducing labor and cost is the trend of flue-cured tobacco production,and mechanization,large-scale and specialized production are the main development direction of flue-cured tobacco production,but under the condition that flue-cured tobacco production is still dominated by manual operation,maintaining a certain amount of labor is still the basis for maintaining high quality of flue-cured tobacco planting at present.展开更多
On the basis of full investigation and repeated trials,nutritional soil composed of cake fertilizer,mushroom residue,cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was determined as an alternative for traditional...On the basis of full investigation and repeated trials,nutritional soil composed of cake fertilizer,mushroom residue,cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was determined as an alternative for traditional flue-cured tobacco fired ash soil.In accordance with the feed grinding,mixing and processing integrated principle,processing machine for flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was developed.The clogging problem of mixing box was solved by improving grinding and stirring method of mixing system.Mechanized and large-scale production and commercialized supply of flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was piloted to simplify the production process and reduce the production cost of nutritional soil for flue-cured tobacco and meet the needs of green development of tobacco production,thereby creating good social and economic benefits.展开更多
Diversity arrays technology (DArT) is a microarray-based marker system that achieves high throughput by reducing the complexity of the genome. A DArT chip has recently been developed for tobacco. In this study, we gen...Diversity arrays technology (DArT) is a microarray-based marker system that achieves high throughput by reducing the complexity of the genome. A DArT chip has recently been developed for tobacco. In this study, we genotyped 267 flue-cured cultivars/landraces, including 121 Chinese accessions over five decades from widespread geographic regions in China, 103 from the Americas, and 43 other foreign cultivars, using the newly developed chip. Three hundred and thirty polymorphic DArT makers were selected and used for a phylogenetic analysis, which suggested that the 267 accessions could be classified into two subgroups, which could each be further divided into 2-4 sections. Eight elite cultivars, which account for 83% of the area of Chinese tobacco production, were all found in one subgroup. Two high-quality cultivars, HHDJY and Cuibi1, were grouped together in one section, while six other high-yield cultivars were grouped into another section. The 330 DArT marker clones were sequenced and close to 95% of them are within non-repetitive regions. Finally, the implications of this study for Chinese flue-cured tobacco breeding and production programs were discussed.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application effect.The application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.The application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.Due to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality varied.Overall,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco quality.Microbial fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.展开更多
The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient s...The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.展开更多
The growth of tobacco is sensitive to environment conditions. The tobacco production is strictly restricted by regional cultivated land. Based on the principal of hiberarchy analysis and fuzzy mathematics and the tech...The growth of tobacco is sensitive to environment conditions. The tobacco production is strictly restricted by regional cultivated land. Based on the principal of hiberarchy analysis and fuzzy mathematics and the technique of geographic information system (GIS), the comprehensive evaluation of tobacco ecology suitability were studied according to the actual circumstances of the whole Henan tobacco planting regions, China. The evaluation index system of tobacco ecology suitability of Henan tobacco planting regions was established by choosing 17 evaluation indexes from 3 respects of climate, soil and landform with Delphi method. Furthermore, the membership function was set up according to the effects of each ecology factors on the growth and quality of tobacco suitability. And the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of indexes by using quantitative analysis. Then the tobacco ecology suitability map of Henan tobacco plantation was drawn with GIS software mapGIS. It is found that the most areas of the western and southern parts of Henan Province, China, are the highly suitable regions, accounting for 22.52% of Henan tobacco planting areas. It is because that there are medium air temperature, sunshine and rainfall, medium soil pH value, and high contents of soil organic matter in the regions. Moreover, the topography is hill and massif, and the height above sea level is between 150-800 m there. Some areas of the southern and middle parts of Henan Province are the suitable ones, accounting for 34.99% of Henan tobacco planting areas. It is because that there are enough rainfall, medium air temperature, high contents of available N and available K in the soil in these regions. There are less suitable regions in the northern and eastern parts of the investigated regions because of drought, too high pH value and Cl-in the soil and irrigation water, accounting for 35.54% of the whole areas. It can be conducted rapidly and correctly by combining AHP and membership function for comprehensive evaluation of tobacco ecological suitability supported by GIS. There are above moderate ecological suitability for most part of tobacco planting fields in Henan Province. The distributions of tobacco ecological suitability calculated are identical with actual tobacco productivity completely.展开更多
The effect of different ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied.Using randomized blocks design,the data of the test materials K326 were anal...The effect of different ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied.Using randomized blocks design,the data of the test materials K326 were analyzed by using variance analysis,significance test and other methods.The release efficiency of organic fertilizer in the soil was slower,and the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of tobacco plants was worse than that of chemical fertilizers,and under 25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer treatment,the quality of the fluecured tobacco was good.Under the treatment of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer,the production of flue-cured tobacco was high and the ratio of first-class tobacco was high.It is suggested that the organic fertilizer application ratio should be 25%-50% in the agricultural production.展开更多
In order to find out changes in the main fertility indicators of continuous cropping tobacco fields in Henan Province with years of continuous cropping,5 typical tobacco fields( Jia County,Shaoling District,Fangcheng ...In order to find out changes in the main fertility indicators of continuous cropping tobacco fields in Henan Province with years of continuous cropping,5 typical tobacco fields( Jia County,Shaoling District,Fangcheng County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County) were studied. Indicators in question included activity of main enzymes( sucrase,urease,catalase,and acid phosphatase),p H value,organic matters,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium. The results indicate that in most tobacco fields,the activity of sucrase and urease increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping; in some fields,it directly declined with increase in years of continuous cropping; the activity of catalase increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it became stable after three years of continuous cropping;generally,the activity of acid phosphatase declined with increase in the years of continuous cropping within 3 years continuous cropping,later,it became stable. Except Fangcheng County,the soil p H value of other districts( counties) generally declined with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it was in the range of 5. 6-6. 8. With the increase in continuous cropping,the soil organic matters( SOM) in tobacco fields of Jia County and Song County declined,changes of SOM in tobacco fields of Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County were not obvious,and SOM showed the trend of first decline then rise in Shaoling District. In most tobacco fields( Jia County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County),the total nitrogen showed a declining trend; in Shaoling District,it showed a trend of first decline then rise; in Fangcheng County,it showed a rising trend. The available phosphorus firstly slightly declined then rose in tobacco fields of Shaoling District and Song County; it showed a trend of first rise then decline in Jia County; there were no obvious changes in Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County. Changes in the available potassium were different in tobacco fields. In sum,there are certain rules for changes in soil enzyme activity and nutrient content in tobacco fields in Henan Province,but changes are not completely the same. It is concluded that the site conditions and farming activities exert a certain influence on soil enzyme activity,p H value,organic matters,and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content. Therefore,to solve obstacles in continuous cropping of tobacco fields,different regions should take different measures.展开更多
In order to screen out high quality and high yield varieties of flue-cured tobacco suitable for planting in tobacco area of Badong County,three new strains were screened in the field.The results showed that,compared w...In order to screen out high quality and high yield varieties of flue-cured tobacco suitable for planting in tobacco area of Badong County,three new strains were screened in the field.The results showed that,compared with Yunyan 87,the agronomic and economic traits of three new strains were slightly worse.HB202 performed relatively well;the internal chemical component contents of HB204,HB094 and Yunyan 87 were relatively harmonious;and the sensory quality of tobacco leaves of different varieties was medium aroma quality,almost sufficient aroma volume,almost comfortable aftertaste and slight irritancy.Yunyan 87 was relatively better than the three tested new strains.展开更多
In order to provide a more suitable environment for tobacco leaf growth, this study collected meteorological information and tobacco leaf quality information from the main tobacco-producing counties in the province an...In order to provide a more suitable environment for tobacco leaf growth, this study collected meteorological information and tobacco leaf quality information from the main tobacco-producing counties in the province and conducted relevant analysis to find out the main meteorological factors affecting the growth, development, yield, and quality of upper tobacco leaves. Clarify the suitable climatic conditions for the growth and development of the upper leaves, and clarify the influence of various meteorological factors on the quality of the upper leaves. The results showed that the nicotine and total nitrogen content of the upper leaves were significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature during the maturity period, and negatively correlated with the rainfall during the maturity period;the rainfall in July was significantly positively correlated with the upper leaf clutter score, which was sufficient in the mature period. Moisture conditions are conducive to alleviating the upper leaf clutter;the number of sunshine hours in August is the main factor affecting the content of aroma substances in the upper leaves, and it is also significantly positively correlated with the content of aroma substances.展开更多
To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces w...To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces with different heat exchangers using TSB were compared using the tobacco flue-curing.The results showed that the smog temperature of TSB was higher than that of HB,the efficiency of bio-fuel system with TSB was from 43.5%to 54%,while the efficiency of traditional fuel system was 51.5%.And the cost of tobacco flue-curing per hectare with TSB and HB was$750.0 and$1282.5,respectively.It is proved that TSB is an alternative choice using for the industry of tobacco flue-curing,and the improvement in the structure of fire furnace could optimize the process of tobacco flue-curing.展开更多
Geostatistical methods were used in combina-tion with geographical information system(GIS)technol-ogy to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of available zinc,copper,and manganese in the Xiangcheng tobacc...Geostatistical methods were used in combina-tion with geographical information system(GIS)technol-ogy to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of available zinc,copper,and manganese in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting fields,Henan province,China.Analysis of the isotropic variogram indicated that the Zn semivar-iogram was well described with the Gaussian model,with the distance of spatial dependence being 900.7m;while the Mn semivariogram was well described with spherical models,with the distance of spatial dependence being 14060m;and,the Cu semivariogram was well described with exponential models,with the distance of spatial dependence being 27860.7m.Mn and Zn were strongly spatially dependent,with the C_(0)/sill being 0.014 and 0.147 in this given region;while Cu was moderately spatially dependent,with the C_(0)/sill being 0.3528.With the kriging analysis,the spatial distribution maps of contents of these three trace elements in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting regions was drawn with the Arcview software.It was found that the soils with higher content of Mn were mainly distributed in the high mountains of the southern part of the given regions,while the soils with higher content of Cu were mainly distributed in the south,decreasing from the south to the north.The soil with contents of Zn in the range of 0.76–1.33 mg/kg existed in the high mountains of the west and middle parts of the investigated regions,accounting for 76.11%of the whole area.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation(2020530000241022).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.
基金Supported by Project of Yunnan Hongyun Honghe Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.(KX140906)
文摘In order to explore the differences of amino acids in root exudates and plant tissues,we selected four flue-cured tobacco varieties [Yunyan 87(Ⅰ),K326( Ⅱ),NC102( Ⅲ),Hongda( Ⅳ) ]as the test materials and studied the components and mass fractions of amino acids in rhizosphere soil,non rhizosphere soil,roots and leaves via high performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Ten amino acids were detected out from four varieties,including histidine,lysine,tryptophan,phenylalanine,valine,threonine,proline,serine,alanine and glycine. The mass fractions of amino acids in leaves and roots were higher than those in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil. In rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil,the mass fractions of lysine,phenylalanine,threonine,proline and glycine in susceptible varieties( Ⅲ,Ⅳ) were higher than those in resistant varieties(Ⅰ,Ⅱ). In rhizosphere soil,the total amino acids successively were Ⅳ > Ⅲ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ,and in non rhizosphere soil were Ⅲ > Ⅳ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ. The total amino acids in roots of variety Ⅳ was the highest,up to 6 359. 195 μg / g. In leaves,the total amino acids in varietiesⅠand Ⅱ were higher than those in varieties Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The results indicated that amino acids could secrete to rhizosphere via root secretion,and the compositions and mass fractions of amino acids varied with flue-cured tobacco varieties,thus the secretion amount of susceptible varieties was higher than that of resistant varieties.
基金Science and Technology Project of China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,Ltd.(FJZYKJJH 2018014)Management Project of Project of China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,Ltd.(FJZY2019ZNJC016)。
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco Cuibi-1.[Methods]From 2015 to 2016,the experiment of spraying Saikun multi-trace element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out.[Results]7 d and 14 d after transplanting tobacco seedlings,3750 mL/ha,300 times diluted Sakun multi-trace element aqueous solution was sprayed,the growth period of Cuibi-1 in the field was extended by 3-5 d.The incidence of mosaic disease at the rosette stage and granuville wilt at the foot leaf harvesting and curing stage decreased by 4.50-20.85 kg/ha,the yield increased by 67.8-68.7 kg/ha,the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 1.29-3.01 percentage points,and the output value increased by 2692.5-3441 yuan/ha,the sensory smoking quality has improved.[Conclusions]Increasing the application of multiple trace elements can increase the economic benefit and industrial use value of tobacco leaf production of Cuibi-1.
基金Supported by the Innovation Research Team Project of Pu'er University.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the activity of main antioxidants in flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test material for pot planting.Xuanwei County(1997 m)in Qujing Tobacco District,Yunnan was selected as the test point.Three levels of UV-B radiation was set to investigate the activity of PPO,SOD,POD and CAT and the contents of flavonoids and malondialdehyde during the development of the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the same planting area by reducing the natural conditions by 75.04%(A1),70.01%(A2)and 30.02%(A3),respectively.[Results]Reducing UV-B radiation significantly increased the activity of tobacco SOD,POD and CAT,which showed that flue-cured tobacco in the low-latitude plateau area of Yunnan has adapted to the higher local UV-B radiation,and the flue-cured tobacco has formed a unique antioxidant enzyme system.The weakening of UV-B radiation treatment might partially change the antioxidant enzyme system of flue-cured tobacco,but there were no significant differences in the activity of antioxidant enzymes between different degrees of weakening UV-B radiation.The change trends of flavonoids and malondialdehyde in leaves at two different leaf positions were similar.The malondialdehyde content of treatment A1 was significantly higher than those of the CK,A2 and A3,and 70.01%-75.04% of UV-B radiation intensity might be the lower limit of Yunyan 87's adaptability to UV-B radiation.With the decrease of UV-B radiation,the sensitivity of flue-cured tobacco gradually decreased.[Conclusions]This study made a preliminary exploration for explaining the correlation of UV-B radiation and Yunnan flue-cured tobacco.
基金Supported by Yunnan Tobacco Company Program(2015YN192014YN25)
文摘Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and level of boron fertilizer supply of red soil in the Honghe tobacco area. In this study,the randomized block design was used to study different boron fertilizer supply methods and levels. The results showed that during transplanting,it was good to apply 1. 50 kg/ha Fertibor boron with pure boron content≥15%; at the resettling stage,it was good to spray 225 kg solution composed of 75 m L/ha Compo liquid boron with pure boron content≥130 g/L mixed with water onto leaves when night fell in a sunny day. The two fertilization methods had better effect than the basal application of boron fertilizer,and the resistance to pests and diseases or economic character of tobacco plants was better than under spraying treatment.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of plant extract mixture on growth and development,photosynthetic indexes and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Using field test method,a total of five treatments were designed in the test,including T1(control,conven-tional pesticide control),T2(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15 and 30 d post transplanting),T3(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30 and 45 d post transplanting),T4(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45 and 60 d post transplanting),and T5(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45,60 and 75 d post transplanting).In addition,flue-cured tobacco in treatments T2-T5 were sprayed with antiviral agent once at 30 d post transplanting,and sprayed with quality promoting agent at 30 and 75 d post transplanting,respectively.[Result]The agronomic traits and photosynthetic indexes of all treatments were improved by spraying plant extract mixture,and those in T5 treatment were the best.Spraying plant extract mixture had significant control effect on brown spot;the disease index in T5 treatment was the lowest,and the control effect was the best.The results showed that spraying plant extract mixture promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,reduced the disease index of brown spot,and improved the quality of tobacco leaves.[Conclusion]Spraying plant extract mixture has positive effect on growth and development and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.
文摘Based on the investigation of the amount of labor used in each production link of flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang since 1989,and through the analysis of the changes of labor-related factors,it is concluded that the amount of labor used in tobacco planting in Liuyang experienced a significant increase and relatively stable stage in the early 1990s,and it has been declining continuously since the beginning of the 21st century;the change of flue-cured tobacco planting technology mode,as well as mechanized,large-scale and specialized production are the main factors that affect the change of the amount of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang.Based on the method of changing the technical model to reduce amount of labor used,the types of labor used for planting of flue-cured tobacco can be divided into the following types:reducing the amount of labor by technical methods;reducing the amount of labor by making use of weather;reducing the amount of labor by using drugs;reducing the amount of labor used at the cost of reducing the technical implementation standards of a certain production link.The change of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting is not only related to the cost and price factors,but also related to the profound social and economic background.In the future,reducing labor and cost is the trend of flue-cured tobacco production,and mechanization,large-scale and specialized production are the main development direction of flue-cured tobacco production,but under the condition that flue-cured tobacco production is still dominated by manual operation,maintaining a certain amount of labor is still the basis for maintaining high quality of flue-cured tobacco planting at present.
基金Science and Technology Project of Changsha Tobacco Monopoly Bureau(Company)(20-21a06).
文摘On the basis of full investigation and repeated trials,nutritional soil composed of cake fertilizer,mushroom residue,cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was determined as an alternative for traditional flue-cured tobacco fired ash soil.In accordance with the feed grinding,mixing and processing integrated principle,processing machine for flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was developed.The clogging problem of mixing box was solved by improving grinding and stirring method of mixing system.Mechanized and large-scale production and commercialized supply of flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was piloted to simplify the production process and reduce the production cost of nutritional soil for flue-cured tobacco and meet the needs of green development of tobacco production,thereby creating good social and economic benefits.
基金supported by the China National Tobacco Corporation (Nos. 110200701023 and 110201101010-JY-04)the Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company (Nos. 08A05 and 2010YN02), China
文摘Diversity arrays technology (DArT) is a microarray-based marker system that achieves high throughput by reducing the complexity of the genome. A DArT chip has recently been developed for tobacco. In this study, we genotyped 267 flue-cured cultivars/landraces, including 121 Chinese accessions over five decades from widespread geographic regions in China, 103 from the Americas, and 43 other foreign cultivars, using the newly developed chip. Three hundred and thirty polymorphic DArT makers were selected and used for a phylogenetic analysis, which suggested that the 267 accessions could be classified into two subgroups, which could each be further divided into 2-4 sections. Eight elite cultivars, which account for 83% of the area of Chinese tobacco production, were all found in one subgroup. Two high-quality cultivars, HHDJY and Cuibi1, were grouped together in one section, while six other high-yield cultivars were grouped into another section. The 330 DArT marker clones were sequenced and close to 95% of them are within non-repetitive regions. Finally, the implications of this study for Chinese flue-cured tobacco breeding and production programs were discussed.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program Major Project of Yunnan Branch,China National Tobacco Corporation(2020530000241022)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application effect.The application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.The application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.Due to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality varied.Overall,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco quality.Microbial fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation (2020530000241022)General Science and Technology Program of Zhaotong Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company (ZT20235301001).
文摘The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.
基金supported by the Major Projectof the National Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, China(110200401021)
文摘The growth of tobacco is sensitive to environment conditions. The tobacco production is strictly restricted by regional cultivated land. Based on the principal of hiberarchy analysis and fuzzy mathematics and the technique of geographic information system (GIS), the comprehensive evaluation of tobacco ecology suitability were studied according to the actual circumstances of the whole Henan tobacco planting regions, China. The evaluation index system of tobacco ecology suitability of Henan tobacco planting regions was established by choosing 17 evaluation indexes from 3 respects of climate, soil and landform with Delphi method. Furthermore, the membership function was set up according to the effects of each ecology factors on the growth and quality of tobacco suitability. And the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of indexes by using quantitative analysis. Then the tobacco ecology suitability map of Henan tobacco plantation was drawn with GIS software mapGIS. It is found that the most areas of the western and southern parts of Henan Province, China, are the highly suitable regions, accounting for 22.52% of Henan tobacco planting areas. It is because that there are medium air temperature, sunshine and rainfall, medium soil pH value, and high contents of soil organic matter in the regions. Moreover, the topography is hill and massif, and the height above sea level is between 150-800 m there. Some areas of the southern and middle parts of Henan Province are the suitable ones, accounting for 34.99% of Henan tobacco planting areas. It is because that there are enough rainfall, medium air temperature, high contents of available N and available K in the soil in these regions. There are less suitable regions in the northern and eastern parts of the investigated regions because of drought, too high pH value and Cl-in the soil and irrigation water, accounting for 35.54% of the whole areas. It can be conducted rapidly and correctly by combining AHP and membership function for comprehensive evaluation of tobacco ecological suitability supported by GIS. There are above moderate ecological suitability for most part of tobacco planting fields in Henan Province. The distributions of tobacco ecological suitability calculated are identical with actual tobacco productivity completely.
基金Supported by Yunnan Tobacco Company Project(2015YN19,2014YN25)
文摘The effect of different ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied.Using randomized blocks design,the data of the test materials K326 were analyzed by using variance analysis,significance test and other methods.The release efficiency of organic fertilizer in the soil was slower,and the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of tobacco plants was worse than that of chemical fertilizers,and under 25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer treatment,the quality of the fluecured tobacco was good.Under the treatment of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer,the production of flue-cured tobacco was high and the ratio of first-class tobacco was high.It is suggested that the organic fertilizer application ratio should be 25%-50% in the agricultural production.
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Plan Project of Henan Tobacco Company(HYKJM201304)
文摘In order to find out changes in the main fertility indicators of continuous cropping tobacco fields in Henan Province with years of continuous cropping,5 typical tobacco fields( Jia County,Shaoling District,Fangcheng County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County) were studied. Indicators in question included activity of main enzymes( sucrase,urease,catalase,and acid phosphatase),p H value,organic matters,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium. The results indicate that in most tobacco fields,the activity of sucrase and urease increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping; in some fields,it directly declined with increase in years of continuous cropping; the activity of catalase increased in two years of continuous cropping,later,it showed a declining trend with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it became stable after three years of continuous cropping;generally,the activity of acid phosphatase declined with increase in the years of continuous cropping within 3 years continuous cropping,later,it became stable. Except Fangcheng County,the soil p H value of other districts( counties) generally declined with increase in years of continuous cropping,and it was in the range of 5. 6-6. 8. With the increase in continuous cropping,the soil organic matters( SOM) in tobacco fields of Jia County and Song County declined,changes of SOM in tobacco fields of Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County were not obvious,and SOM showed the trend of first decline then rise in Shaoling District. In most tobacco fields( Jia County,Xiangcheng County,and Song County),the total nitrogen showed a declining trend; in Shaoling District,it showed a trend of first decline then rise; in Fangcheng County,it showed a rising trend. The available phosphorus firstly slightly declined then rose in tobacco fields of Shaoling District and Song County; it showed a trend of first rise then decline in Jia County; there were no obvious changes in Fangcheng County and Xiangcheng County. Changes in the available potassium were different in tobacco fields. In sum,there are certain rules for changes in soil enzyme activity and nutrient content in tobacco fields in Henan Province,but changes are not completely the same. It is concluded that the site conditions and farming activities exert a certain influence on soil enzyme activity,p H value,organic matters,and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content. Therefore,to solve obstacles in continuous cropping of tobacco fields,different regions should take different measures.
基金Special Project of Tobacco Monopoly Bureau(Company)of Hubei Province.
文摘In order to screen out high quality and high yield varieties of flue-cured tobacco suitable for planting in tobacco area of Badong County,three new strains were screened in the field.The results showed that,compared with Yunyan 87,the agronomic and economic traits of three new strains were slightly worse.HB202 performed relatively well;the internal chemical component contents of HB204,HB094 and Yunyan 87 were relatively harmonious;and the sensory quality of tobacco leaves of different varieties was medium aroma quality,almost sufficient aroma volume,almost comfortable aftertaste and slight irritancy.Yunyan 87 was relatively better than the three tested new strains.
文摘In order to provide a more suitable environment for tobacco leaf growth, this study collected meteorological information and tobacco leaf quality information from the main tobacco-producing counties in the province and conducted relevant analysis to find out the main meteorological factors affecting the growth, development, yield, and quality of upper tobacco leaves. Clarify the suitable climatic conditions for the growth and development of the upper leaves, and clarify the influence of various meteorological factors on the quality of the upper leaves. The results showed that the nicotine and total nitrogen content of the upper leaves were significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature during the maturity period, and negatively correlated with the rainfall during the maturity period;the rainfall in July was significantly positively correlated with the upper leaf clutter score, which was sufficient in the mature period. Moisture conditions are conducive to alleviating the upper leaf clutter;the number of sunshine hours in August is the main factor affecting the content of aroma substances in the upper leaves, and it is also significantly positively correlated with the content of aroma substances.
基金This research was funded by the Program of Outstanding Talents and Innovative Research Teams(2011-049)The authors want to give thanks to the technical sponsor from Fangzheng combustion furnace limited company,Xuchang 461670,China.
文摘To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces with different heat exchangers using TSB were compared using the tobacco flue-curing.The results showed that the smog temperature of TSB was higher than that of HB,the efficiency of bio-fuel system with TSB was from 43.5%to 54%,while the efficiency of traditional fuel system was 51.5%.And the cost of tobacco flue-curing per hectare with TSB and HB was$750.0 and$1282.5,respectively.It is proved that TSB is an alternative choice using for the industry of tobacco flue-curing,and the improvement in the structure of fire furnace could optimize the process of tobacco flue-curing.
文摘Geostatistical methods were used in combina-tion with geographical information system(GIS)technol-ogy to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of available zinc,copper,and manganese in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting fields,Henan province,China.Analysis of the isotropic variogram indicated that the Zn semivar-iogram was well described with the Gaussian model,with the distance of spatial dependence being 900.7m;while the Mn semivariogram was well described with spherical models,with the distance of spatial dependence being 14060m;and,the Cu semivariogram was well described with exponential models,with the distance of spatial dependence being 27860.7m.Mn and Zn were strongly spatially dependent,with the C_(0)/sill being 0.014 and 0.147 in this given region;while Cu was moderately spatially dependent,with the C_(0)/sill being 0.3528.With the kriging analysis,the spatial distribution maps of contents of these three trace elements in the Xiangcheng tobacco planting regions was drawn with the Arcview software.It was found that the soils with higher content of Mn were mainly distributed in the high mountains of the southern part of the given regions,while the soils with higher content of Cu were mainly distributed in the south,decreasing from the south to the north.The soil with contents of Zn in the range of 0.76–1.33 mg/kg existed in the high mountains of the west and middle parts of the investigated regions,accounting for 76.11%of the whole area.
