A brain tumor is the uncharacteristic progression of tissues in the brain.These are very deadly,and if it is not diagnosed at an early stage,it might shorten the affected patient’s life span.Hence,their classificatio...A brain tumor is the uncharacteristic progression of tissues in the brain.These are very deadly,and if it is not diagnosed at an early stage,it might shorten the affected patient’s life span.Hence,their classification and detection play a critical role in treatment.Traditional Brain tumor detection is done by biopsy which is quite challenging.It is usually not preferred at an early stage of the disease.The detection involvesMagneticResonance Imaging(MRI),which is essential for evaluating the tumor.This paper aims to identify and detect brain tumors based on their location in the brain.In order to achieve this,the paper proposes a model that uses an extended deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)named Contour Extraction based Extended EfficientNet-B0(CE-EEN-B0)which is a feed-forward neural network with the efficient net layers;three convolutional layers and max-pooling layers;and finally,the global average pooling layer.The site of tumors in the brain is one feature that determines its effect on the functioning of an individual.Thus,this CNN architecture classifies brain tumors into four categories:No tumor,Pituitary tumor,Meningioma tumor,andGlioma tumor.This network provides an accuracy of 97.24%,a precision of 96.65%,and an F1 score of 96.86%which is better than already existing pre-trained networks and aims to help health professionals to cross-diagnose an MRI image.This model will undoubtedly reduce the complications in detection and aid radiologists without taking invasive steps.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CSE)on injury of primary cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods:We...Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CSE)on injury of primary cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods:We isolated and cultured primary rBMECs in order to establish an in vitro OGD model.Cellular activity was detected using a cell counting kit to determine the appropriate dosage.The rBMECs were divided into control,model,low-,mid-,and high-dose (5,10,20 μg.mL-1) CSE groups under OGD for 6 hours.CSE was dissolved in cell culture medium to the appropriate concentration,passed through a 0.22 μm sterile filter,and administered for 12 hours before and during OGD.Cellular morphology was observed under a microscope.Lactate dehydrogenase level in cultural supernatant,superoxide dismutase activity,and the content of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in cells were tested by colorimetric methods.Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 beta in cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:After 12-hour administration of CSE at the concentration of 5,10,20 iμg.mL-1 before and during OGD,compared with the model group,the CSE groups obviously alleviated the damage of rBMECs induced by OGD,inhibited the apoptosis and the necrosis of the cells,and improved cellular morphology of rBMECs.Additionally,compared with the model group,CSE also restrained lactate dehydrogenase leakage in hypoxic cells (P <.01),significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity (P <.05),and reduced the levels of nitric oxide,malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1 beta (P <.05).Conclusion:C.sinensis extract plays a significant role in protecting injured primary cultured rBMECs induced by OGD.The mechanism may be related with the increase of cellular antioxidative capacity and anti-inflammatory effect.展开更多
Extracts from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Grassleaf Sweetflag Rhizome,Shichangpu) have been shown to improve learning and memory,reduce anxiety,allay excitement,and suppress seizures.Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts ...Extracts from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Grassleaf Sweetflag Rhizome,Shichangpu) have been shown to improve learning and memory,reduce anxiety,allay excitement,and suppress seizures.Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts interact with γ-aminobutyric acid and activate the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor,although few studies have addressed the precise effects of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit.In the present study,γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus,and pathological scores of brain injury,were significantly greater following recurrent seizures,but significantly decreased following treatment with Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts.These results indicated that Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts down-regulated γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and protected seizure-induced brain injury during development.展开更多
Olive leaves have an antioxidant capacity,and olive leaf extract can protect the blood,spleen and hippocampus in lead-poisoned mice.However,little is known about the effects of olive leaf extract on lead-induced brain...Olive leaves have an antioxidant capacity,and olive leaf extract can protect the blood,spleen and hippocampus in lead-poisoned mice.However,little is known about the effects of olive leaf extract on lead-induced brain injury.This study was designed to determine whether olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury,and whether this effect is associated with antioxidant capacity.First,we established a mouse model of lead poisoning by continuous intragastric administration of lead acetate for 30 days.Two hours after successful model establishment,lead-poisoned mice were given olive leaf extract at doses of 250,500 or 1000 mg/kg daily by intragastric administration for 50 days.Under the transmission electron microscope,olive leaf extract attenuated neuronal and capillary injury and reduced damage to organelles and the matrix around the capillaries in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex in the lead-poisoned mice.Olive leaf extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg had the greatest protective effect.Spectrophotometry showed that olive leaf extract significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase,while it reduced malondialdehyde content,in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,immunohistochemical staining revealed that olive leaf extract dose-dependently decreased Bax protein expression in the cerebral cortex of lead-poisoned mice.Our findings indicate that olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing apoptosis.展开更多
In the study of brain-computer interfaces,a method of feature extraction and classification used fortwo kinds of imaginations is proposed.It considers Euclidean distance between mean traces recorded fromthe channels w...In the study of brain-computer interfaces,a method of feature extraction and classification used fortwo kinds of imaginations is proposed.It considers Euclidean distance between mean traces recorded fromthe channels with two kinds of imaginations as a feature,and determines imagination classes using thresh-old value.It analyzed the background of experiment and theoretical foundation referring to the data sets ofBCI 2003,and compared the classification precision with the best result of the competition.The resultshows that the method has a high precision and is advantageous for being applied to practical systems.展开更多
Early detection of brain tumors is critical for effective treatment planning.Identifying tumors in their nascent stages can significantly enhance the chances of patient survival.While there are various types of brain ...Early detection of brain tumors is critical for effective treatment planning.Identifying tumors in their nascent stages can significantly enhance the chances of patient survival.While there are various types of brain tumors,each with unique characteristics and treatment protocols,tumors are often minuscule during their initial stages,making manual diagnosis challenging,time-consuming,and potentially ambiguous.Current techniques predominantly used in hospitals involve manual detection via MRI scans,which can be costly,error-prone,and time-intensive.An automated system for detecting brain tumors could be pivotal in identifying the disease in its earliest phases.This research applies several data augmentation techniques to enhance the dataset for diagnosis,including rotations of 90 and 180 degrees and inverting along vertical and horizontal axes.The CIELAB color space is employed for tumor image selection and ROI determination.Several deep learning models,such as DarkNet-53 and AlexNet,are applied to extract features from the fully connected layers,following the feature selection using entropy-coded Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).The selected features are further processed through multiple SVM kernels for classification.This study furthers medical imaging with its automated approach to brain tumor detection,significantly minimizing the time and cost of a manual diagnosis.Our method heightens the possibilities of an earlier tumor identification,creating an avenue for more successful treatment planning and better overall patient outcomes.展开更多
Accurate classification of EEG left and right hand motor imagery is an important issue in brain-computer interface.Firstly,discrete wavelet transform method was used to decompose the average power of C3 electrode and ...Accurate classification of EEG left and right hand motor imagery is an important issue in brain-computer interface.Firstly,discrete wavelet transform method was used to decompose the average power of C3 electrode and C4 electrode in left-right hands imagery movement during some periods of time.The reconstructed signal of approximation coefficient A6 on the 6th level was selected to build up a feature signal.Secondly,the performances by Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis with two different threshold calculation ways and Support Vector Machine methods were compared.The final classification results showed that false classification rate by Support Vector Machine was lower and gained an ideal classification results.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom in the scorpion can inhibit epilepsy and apoptosis.However,it remains unclear whether ethanol extracts of scorpion (EES) exhibit similar effects.OBJEC...BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom in the scorpion can inhibit epilepsy and apoptosis.However,it remains unclear whether ethanol extracts of scorpion (EES) exhibit similar effects.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of EES on hippocampal apoptosis and caspase-3 expression,and to compare the effects on sodium valproate (positive control drug) in a rat model of status epilepticus induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: This randomized,controlled study was conducted at the Drug Research and Development Center,Kanghong Pharmaceuticals Group,and the Department of Pathology,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,China from May 2007 to April 2008.MATERIALS: EES were prepared by Huashen Pharmaceutical,China.Sodium valproate (Hunan Xiangzhong Pharmaceutical,China) and lithium chloride-pilocarpine (Sigma,USA) were also used in the present study.METHODS: From a total of 156 rats,six served as normal controls.The remaining rats were intraperitoneally injected with lithium chloride-pilocarpine to establish status epilepticus models,and then assigned to five groups (n = 30,respectively).Animals in each group were administered drugs at 15 minutes after epileptic seizure by gavage.i.e.in the normal control and model groups,rats were treated with 1 mL/0.1 kg saline.The sodium valproate group was administered 120 mg/kg/d sodium valproate.The low-,moderate-,and high-dose EES groups received treatments of 290,580,and 1 160 mg/kg/d EES.The dispensed concentration was 1 mL/0.1 kg.Rat seizure behavior was observed.If status epilepticus did not terminated after 1 hour,the rats were intraperitoneally administered atropine (1 mg/kg) and diazepam (10 mg/kg) to terminate seizure.These rats were continuously observed for 6 hours to ensure seizure termination.Then rats were treated with the above-mentioned drugs at 8: 00 am each day until sacrifice,which took place 4 hours after drug administration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and caspase-3 expression were,respectively,determined by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry at 6,24,48,and 72 hours,as well as 7 days,after status epilepticus.Behavioral changes were also measured.RESULTS: A few caspase-3-positive cells were observed.TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells were mainly visible in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions 6 hours following status epilepticus in the model and drug intervention groups.The number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours following status epilepticus in the sodium valproate group,as well as the moderate-and high-dose EES groups,and number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 72 hours in the model and low-dose EES groups.The number of caspase-3-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours in each group.Following treatment of sodium valproate and EES,the number of TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells significantly decreased compared with the model group at various time points (P < 0.05).The number of TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells was greatest in the low-dose EES group,followed by the moderate-and high-dose EES groups.The number of TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells was similar between the sodium valproate and high-dose EES groups.Epileptic seizure was significantly improved in the sodium valproate group,as well as the moderate-and high-dose EES groups,compared with the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Treatment with sodium valproate and high-dose EES resulted in the best outcome,although the results were similar (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: A dose of 1 160 mg/kg/d EES significantly inhibited status epilepticus.This outcome corresponded to a decreased number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3-positive cells,which was similar to sodium valproate.These results suggest that it is not necessary to extract a component from the scorpion for the treatment of epilepsy.The high dose of EES significantly inhibited epilepsy,which correlated with decreased hippocampal caspase-3 expression.展开更多
Grape seed extracts (GSE) are very potent antioxidant and exhibit numerous interesting pharmacologic activities, including an antioxidant property, and has been suggested to be of use in treatment of several diseases....Grape seed extracts (GSE) are very potent antioxidant and exhibit numerous interesting pharmacologic activities, including an antioxidant property, and has been suggested to be of use in treatment of several diseases. The present study has been undertaken to investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of GSE against lead-induced neuro and hepatotoxicity in rat. Male albino rats were divided into six groups: the 1st group, rats were injected daily with saline vehicle and served as negative control, the 2nd group (positive control group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with subacute dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate (LA). The 3rd group (protective group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with LA (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 7 days after treatment with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 3 weeks. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups (therapeutics groups), rats were injected (i.p.) with subacut dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate for 7 days, then treated with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for one, two and three weeks, respectively. The level of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) were evaluated in brain regions (cerebellum, brainstem, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus). The result indicated that the administration of subacute dose of LA (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) induce a significant decrease in NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA content in all tested brain regions. Also the obtained data showed significant increase in liver enzymes: serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in group 2 (positive control). There is an improvement in neurotransmitters content. Also the obtained data showed significant in- crease in liver enzymes of protective (G3) and therapeutics groups (G4, G5 and G6) which received GSE compared with animal group that received lead acetate (G2). This is may be the presence of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The result suggests that grape seed extract may prevent lead-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.展开更多
In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from full-term neonates born by vaginal delivery were cultured in medium containing 150 mg/mL of brain tissue extracts from Sprague-Dawley rats (to mimic the ...In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from full-term neonates born by vaginal delivery were cultured in medium containing 150 mg/mL of brain tissue extracts from Sprague-Dawley rats (to mimic the brain microenvironment). Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that the cells differentiated into neuron-like cells. To evaluate the effects of progesterone as a neurosteroid on the neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, we cultured the cells in medium containing progesterone (0.1, 1, 10 μM) in addition to brain tissue extracts. Reverse transcription-PCR and flow cytometric analysis of neuron specific enolase-positive cells revealed that the percentages of these cells increased significantly following progesterone treatment, with the optimal progesterone concentration for neuron-like differentiation being 1 μM. These results suggest that progesterone can enhance the neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in culture medium containing brain tissue extracts to mimic the brain microenvironment.展开更多
A right-hand motor imagery based brain-computer interface is proposed in this work. Such a system requires the identification of different brain states and their classification. Brain signals recorded by electroenceph...A right-hand motor imagery based brain-computer interface is proposed in this work. Such a system requires the identification of different brain states and their classification. Brain signals recorded by electroencephalography are naturally contaminated by various noises and interferences. Ocular artifact removal is performed by implementing an auto-matic method “Kmeans-ICA” which does not require a reference channel. This method starts by decomposing EEG signals into Independent Components;artefactual ones are then identified using Kmeans clustering, a non-supervised machine learning technique. After signal preprocessing, a Brain computer interface system is implemented;physiologically interpretable features extracting the wavelet-coherence, the wavelet-phase locking value and band power are computed and introduced into a statistical test to check for a significant difference between relaxed and motor imagery states. Features which pass the test are conserved and used for classification. Leave One Out Cross Validation is performed to evaluate the performance of the classifier. Two types of classifiers are compared: a Linear Discriminant Analysis and a Support Vector Machine. Using a Linear Discriminant Analysis, classification accuracy improved from 66% to 88.10% after ocular artifacts removal using Kmeans-ICA. The proposed methodology outperformed state of art feature extraction methods, namely, the mu rhythm band power.展开更多
Brain cancer detection and classification is done utilizing distinct medical imaging modalities like computed tomography(CT),or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).An automated brain cancer classification using computer a...Brain cancer detection and classification is done utilizing distinct medical imaging modalities like computed tomography(CT),or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).An automated brain cancer classification using computer aided diagnosis(CAD)models can be designed to assist radiologists.With the recent advancement in computer vision(CV)and deep learning(DL)models,it is possible to automatically detect the tumor from images using a computer-aided design.This study focuses on the design of automated Henry Gas Solubility Optimization with Fusion of Handcrafted and Deep Features(HGSO-FHDF)technique for brain cancer classification.The proposed HGSO-FHDF technique aims for detecting and classifying different stages of brain tumors.The proposed HGSO-FHDF technique involves Gabor filtering(GF)technique for removing the noise and enhancing the quality of MRI images.In addition,Tsallis entropy based image segmentation approach is applied to determine injured brain regions in the MRI image.Moreover,a fusion of handcrafted with deep features using Residual Network(ResNet)is utilized as feature extractors.Finally,HGSO algorithm with kernel extreme learning machine(KELM)model was utilized for identifying the presence of brain tumors.For examining the enhanced brain tumor classification performance,a comprehensive set of simulations take place on the BRATS 2015 dataset.展开更多
A new method for the denoising,extraction and tumor detection on MRI images is presented in this paper.MRI images help physicians study and diagnose diseases or tumors present in the brain.This work is focused towards...A new method for the denoising,extraction and tumor detection on MRI images is presented in this paper.MRI images help physicians study and diagnose diseases or tumors present in the brain.This work is focused towards helping the radiologist and physician to have a second opinion on the diagnosis.The ambiguity of Magnetic Resonance(MR)image features is solved in a simpler manner.The MRI image acquired from the machine is subjected to analysis in the work.The real-time data is used for the analysis.Basic preprocessing is performed using various filters for noise removal.The de-noised image is segmented,and the feature extractions are performed.Features are extracted using the wavelet transform.When compared to other methods,the wavelet transform is more suitable for MRI image feature extraction.The features are given to the classifier which uses binary tree support vectors for classification.The classification process is compared with conventional methods.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of Cassia o btusifolial extract on rats of traumatic brain injury.Methods:The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,traumatic brain injur(TBI)group,sham operation group(SHAM)group,(C...Objective:To observe the effect of Cassia o btusifolial extract on rats of traumatic brain injury.Methods:The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,traumatic brain injur(TBI)group,sham operation group(SHAM)group,(COB-H20 g/kg、COB-L10 g/kg)of Cassia extract groups,They were subjected to the modified Feeney's weight-drop model.sham group fake open skull window only,Cassia o btusifolial extract were given by intragastric administration and the rats were given distilled water instead as TBI and SHAM.The behavioral test was performed by Balance beam,TNF-αand IL-6 level was detected by ELASA method in serum on rats of TBI,The NSE positive cells near the region of injury was ascertainde by measuring in rats of TBI,and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of PI3K in rat brain tissues.Results:Both of Cassia extract groups and TBI traversed the beam significantly quicker than sham group at 3 time points before and after injury(P<0.01),and both of COB groups traversed the beam significantly shorter than TBI(P<0.05).The serum TNF-αand IL-6 content in TBI and Both of COB groups were significantly higher than sham group at 6,24,60h(P<0.01),To compare with the TBI group,the serum TNF-αand IL-6 content in the both of COB groups were significantly decreased respectively at the time 6,24 and 60 hours,The overall level gradually decreased at 24 h,but increased slightly at 60 h.Immunohistochemical method revealed that NSE was lowered dramaticly in sham and both of COB groups(P<0.05),but it was more efficient in both of COB groups compared to TBI group(P<0.05).the expressions of PI3 protein of the TBI group was decreased observbly than sham group(P<0.05),but COB-H group was inecreased significantly than TBI group same as sham group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Cassia o btusifolial extract can improve neurol function,increasing NSE positive cells and the expressions of PI3 protein lever.展开更多
Chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor-transfected or ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to repair sciatic...Chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor-transfected or ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to repair sciatic nerve injury better than chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts alone, or chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesized that these allografts compounded with both brain-derived neurotrophic factor- and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may demonstrate even better effects in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. We cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor and/or ciliary neurotrophic factor and used them to treat sciatic nerve injury in rats. We observed an increase in sciatic functional index, triceps wet weight recovery rate, myelin thickness, number of myelinated nerve fibers, amplitude of motor-evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity, and a shortened latency of motor-evoked potentials when allografts loaded with both neurotrophic factors were used, compared with allografts loaded with just one factor. Thus, the combination of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can greatly improve nerve injury.展开更多
文摘A brain tumor is the uncharacteristic progression of tissues in the brain.These are very deadly,and if it is not diagnosed at an early stage,it might shorten the affected patient’s life span.Hence,their classification and detection play a critical role in treatment.Traditional Brain tumor detection is done by biopsy which is quite challenging.It is usually not preferred at an early stage of the disease.The detection involvesMagneticResonance Imaging(MRI),which is essential for evaluating the tumor.This paper aims to identify and detect brain tumors based on their location in the brain.In order to achieve this,the paper proposes a model that uses an extended deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)named Contour Extraction based Extended EfficientNet-B0(CE-EEN-B0)which is a feed-forward neural network with the efficient net layers;three convolutional layers and max-pooling layers;and finally,the global average pooling layer.The site of tumors in the brain is one feature that determines its effect on the functioning of an individual.Thus,this CNN architecture classifies brain tumors into four categories:No tumor,Pituitary tumor,Meningioma tumor,andGlioma tumor.This network provides an accuracy of 97.24%,a precision of 96.65%,and an F1 score of 96.86%which is better than already existing pre-trained networks and aims to help health professionals to cross-diagnose an MRI image.This model will undoubtedly reduce the complications in detection and aid radiologists without taking invasive steps.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81403319 and 81603453)the Beijing Excellent Talent Project(2014000020124G114).
文摘Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CSE)on injury of primary cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods:We isolated and cultured primary rBMECs in order to establish an in vitro OGD model.Cellular activity was detected using a cell counting kit to determine the appropriate dosage.The rBMECs were divided into control,model,low-,mid-,and high-dose (5,10,20 μg.mL-1) CSE groups under OGD for 6 hours.CSE was dissolved in cell culture medium to the appropriate concentration,passed through a 0.22 μm sterile filter,and administered for 12 hours before and during OGD.Cellular morphology was observed under a microscope.Lactate dehydrogenase level in cultural supernatant,superoxide dismutase activity,and the content of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in cells were tested by colorimetric methods.Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 beta in cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:After 12-hour administration of CSE at the concentration of 5,10,20 iμg.mL-1 before and during OGD,compared with the model group,the CSE groups obviously alleviated the damage of rBMECs induced by OGD,inhibited the apoptosis and the necrosis of the cells,and improved cellular morphology of rBMECs.Additionally,compared with the model group,CSE also restrained lactate dehydrogenase leakage in hypoxic cells (P <.01),significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity (P <.05),and reduced the levels of nitric oxide,malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1 beta (P <.05).Conclusion:C.sinensis extract plays a significant role in protecting injured primary cultured rBMECs induced by OGD.The mechanism may be related with the increase of cellular antioxidative capacity and anti-inflammatory effect.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Effects and mechanisms of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist on brain injury in the development stage),No.09JJ6032
文摘Extracts from Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Grassleaf Sweetflag Rhizome,Shichangpu) have been shown to improve learning and memory,reduce anxiety,allay excitement,and suppress seizures.Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts interact with γ-aminobutyric acid and activate the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor,although few studies have addressed the precise effects of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit.In the present study,γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus,and pathological scores of brain injury,were significantly greater following recurrent seizures,but significantly decreased following treatment with Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts.These results indicated that Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii extracts down-regulated γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and protected seizure-induced brain injury during development.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.1107RJZK243a grant from Gansu Provincial Education Committee,No.1128B-01
文摘Olive leaves have an antioxidant capacity,and olive leaf extract can protect the blood,spleen and hippocampus in lead-poisoned mice.However,little is known about the effects of olive leaf extract on lead-induced brain injury.This study was designed to determine whether olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury,and whether this effect is associated with antioxidant capacity.First,we established a mouse model of lead poisoning by continuous intragastric administration of lead acetate for 30 days.Two hours after successful model establishment,lead-poisoned mice were given olive leaf extract at doses of 250,500 or 1000 mg/kg daily by intragastric administration for 50 days.Under the transmission electron microscope,olive leaf extract attenuated neuronal and capillary injury and reduced damage to organelles and the matrix around the capillaries in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex in the lead-poisoned mice.Olive leaf extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg had the greatest protective effect.Spectrophotometry showed that olive leaf extract significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase,while it reduced malondialdehyde content,in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,immunohistochemical staining revealed that olive leaf extract dose-dependently decreased Bax protein expression in the cerebral cortex of lead-poisoned mice.Our findings indicate that olive leaf extract can inhibit lead-induced brain injury by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing apoptosis.
基金supported by the Shanghai Education Commission Foundation for Excellent Young High Education Teacher(No.sdj08001)
文摘In the study of brain-computer interfaces,a method of feature extraction and classification used fortwo kinds of imaginations is proposed.It considers Euclidean distance between mean traces recorded fromthe channels with two kinds of imaginations as a feature,and determines imagination classes using thresh-old value.It analyzed the background of experiment and theoretical foundation referring to the data sets ofBCI 2003,and compared the classification precision with the best result of the competition.The resultshows that the method has a high precision and is advantageous for being applied to practical systems.
基金funding this work through Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2023R711),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Early detection of brain tumors is critical for effective treatment planning.Identifying tumors in their nascent stages can significantly enhance the chances of patient survival.While there are various types of brain tumors,each with unique characteristics and treatment protocols,tumors are often minuscule during their initial stages,making manual diagnosis challenging,time-consuming,and potentially ambiguous.Current techniques predominantly used in hospitals involve manual detection via MRI scans,which can be costly,error-prone,and time-intensive.An automated system for detecting brain tumors could be pivotal in identifying the disease in its earliest phases.This research applies several data augmentation techniques to enhance the dataset for diagnosis,including rotations of 90 and 180 degrees and inverting along vertical and horizontal axes.The CIELAB color space is employed for tumor image selection and ROI determination.Several deep learning models,such as DarkNet-53 and AlexNet,are applied to extract features from the fully connected layers,following the feature selection using entropy-coded Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).The selected features are further processed through multiple SVM kernels for classification.This study furthers medical imaging with its automated approach to brain tumor detection,significantly minimizing the time and cost of a manual diagnosis.Our method heightens the possibilities of an earlier tumor identification,creating an avenue for more successful treatment planning and better overall patient outcomes.
基金The Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT)the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning+3 种基金Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Provincegrant number:105TB51003Natural Science Fund in Changzhougrant number:CJ20110023
文摘Accurate classification of EEG left and right hand motor imagery is an important issue in brain-computer interface.Firstly,discrete wavelet transform method was used to decompose the average power of C3 electrode and C4 electrode in left-right hands imagery movement during some periods of time.The reconstructed signal of approximation coefficient A6 on the 6th level was selected to build up a feature signal.Secondly,the performances by Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis with two different threshold calculation ways and Support Vector Machine methods were compared.The final classification results showed that false classification rate by Support Vector Machine was lower and gained an ideal classification results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30740035the Tackle Key Program of Sichuan Province,No.05SG1672
文摘BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom in the scorpion can inhibit epilepsy and apoptosis.However,it remains unclear whether ethanol extracts of scorpion (EES) exhibit similar effects.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of EES on hippocampal apoptosis and caspase-3 expression,and to compare the effects on sodium valproate (positive control drug) in a rat model of status epilepticus induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: This randomized,controlled study was conducted at the Drug Research and Development Center,Kanghong Pharmaceuticals Group,and the Department of Pathology,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,China from May 2007 to April 2008.MATERIALS: EES were prepared by Huashen Pharmaceutical,China.Sodium valproate (Hunan Xiangzhong Pharmaceutical,China) and lithium chloride-pilocarpine (Sigma,USA) were also used in the present study.METHODS: From a total of 156 rats,six served as normal controls.The remaining rats were intraperitoneally injected with lithium chloride-pilocarpine to establish status epilepticus models,and then assigned to five groups (n = 30,respectively).Animals in each group were administered drugs at 15 minutes after epileptic seizure by gavage.i.e.in the normal control and model groups,rats were treated with 1 mL/0.1 kg saline.The sodium valproate group was administered 120 mg/kg/d sodium valproate.The low-,moderate-,and high-dose EES groups received treatments of 290,580,and 1 160 mg/kg/d EES.The dispensed concentration was 1 mL/0.1 kg.Rat seizure behavior was observed.If status epilepticus did not terminated after 1 hour,the rats were intraperitoneally administered atropine (1 mg/kg) and diazepam (10 mg/kg) to terminate seizure.These rats were continuously observed for 6 hours to ensure seizure termination.Then rats were treated with the above-mentioned drugs at 8: 00 am each day until sacrifice,which took place 4 hours after drug administration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and caspase-3 expression were,respectively,determined by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry at 6,24,48,and 72 hours,as well as 7 days,after status epilepticus.Behavioral changes were also measured.RESULTS: A few caspase-3-positive cells were observed.TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells were mainly visible in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions 6 hours following status epilepticus in the model and drug intervention groups.The number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours following status epilepticus in the sodium valproate group,as well as the moderate-and high-dose EES groups,and number of TUNEL-positive cells reached a peak at 72 hours in the model and low-dose EES groups.The number of caspase-3-positive cells reached a peak at 48 hours in each group.Following treatment of sodium valproate and EES,the number of TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells significantly decreased compared with the model group at various time points (P < 0.05).The number of TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells was greatest in the low-dose EES group,followed by the moderate-and high-dose EES groups.The number of TUNEL-and caspase-3-positive cells was similar between the sodium valproate and high-dose EES groups.Epileptic seizure was significantly improved in the sodium valproate group,as well as the moderate-and high-dose EES groups,compared with the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Treatment with sodium valproate and high-dose EES resulted in the best outcome,although the results were similar (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: A dose of 1 160 mg/kg/d EES significantly inhibited status epilepticus.This outcome corresponded to a decreased number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3-positive cells,which was similar to sodium valproate.These results suggest that it is not necessary to extract a component from the scorpion for the treatment of epilepsy.The high dose of EES significantly inhibited epilepsy,which correlated with decreased hippocampal caspase-3 expression.
文摘Grape seed extracts (GSE) are very potent antioxidant and exhibit numerous interesting pharmacologic activities, including an antioxidant property, and has been suggested to be of use in treatment of several diseases. The present study has been undertaken to investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of GSE against lead-induced neuro and hepatotoxicity in rat. Male albino rats were divided into six groups: the 1st group, rats were injected daily with saline vehicle and served as negative control, the 2nd group (positive control group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with subacute dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate (LA). The 3rd group (protective group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with LA (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 7 days after treatment with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 3 weeks. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups (therapeutics groups), rats were injected (i.p.) with subacut dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate for 7 days, then treated with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for one, two and three weeks, respectively. The level of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) were evaluated in brain regions (cerebellum, brainstem, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus). The result indicated that the administration of subacute dose of LA (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) induce a significant decrease in NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA content in all tested brain regions. Also the obtained data showed significant increase in liver enzymes: serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in group 2 (positive control). There is an improvement in neurotransmitters content. Also the obtained data showed significant in- crease in liver enzymes of protective (G3) and therapeutics groups (G4, G5 and G6) which received GSE compared with animal group that received lead acetate (G2). This is may be the presence of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The result suggests that grape seed extract may prevent lead-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
基金supported by the Military Medical Research Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, No.BWS11J002
文摘In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from full-term neonates born by vaginal delivery were cultured in medium containing 150 mg/mL of brain tissue extracts from Sprague-Dawley rats (to mimic the brain microenvironment). Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that the cells differentiated into neuron-like cells. To evaluate the effects of progesterone as a neurosteroid on the neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, we cultured the cells in medium containing progesterone (0.1, 1, 10 μM) in addition to brain tissue extracts. Reverse transcription-PCR and flow cytometric analysis of neuron specific enolase-positive cells revealed that the percentages of these cells increased significantly following progesterone treatment, with the optimal progesterone concentration for neuron-like differentiation being 1 μM. These results suggest that progesterone can enhance the neuronal differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in culture medium containing brain tissue extracts to mimic the brain microenvironment.
文摘A right-hand motor imagery based brain-computer interface is proposed in this work. Such a system requires the identification of different brain states and their classification. Brain signals recorded by electroencephalography are naturally contaminated by various noises and interferences. Ocular artifact removal is performed by implementing an auto-matic method “Kmeans-ICA” which does not require a reference channel. This method starts by decomposing EEG signals into Independent Components;artefactual ones are then identified using Kmeans clustering, a non-supervised machine learning technique. After signal preprocessing, a Brain computer interface system is implemented;physiologically interpretable features extracting the wavelet-coherence, the wavelet-phase locking value and band power are computed and introduced into a statistical test to check for a significant difference between relaxed and motor imagery states. Features which pass the test are conserved and used for classification. Leave One Out Cross Validation is performed to evaluate the performance of the classifier. Two types of classifiers are compared: a Linear Discriminant Analysis and a Support Vector Machine. Using a Linear Discriminant Analysis, classification accuracy improved from 66% to 88.10% after ocular artifacts removal using Kmeans-ICA. The proposed methodology outperformed state of art feature extraction methods, namely, the mu rhythm band power.
基金This research work was funded by Institutional fund projects under grant no.(IFPHI-180-612-2020)Therefore,the authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support from the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University,DSR,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Brain cancer detection and classification is done utilizing distinct medical imaging modalities like computed tomography(CT),or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).An automated brain cancer classification using computer aided diagnosis(CAD)models can be designed to assist radiologists.With the recent advancement in computer vision(CV)and deep learning(DL)models,it is possible to automatically detect the tumor from images using a computer-aided design.This study focuses on the design of automated Henry Gas Solubility Optimization with Fusion of Handcrafted and Deep Features(HGSO-FHDF)technique for brain cancer classification.The proposed HGSO-FHDF technique aims for detecting and classifying different stages of brain tumors.The proposed HGSO-FHDF technique involves Gabor filtering(GF)technique for removing the noise and enhancing the quality of MRI images.In addition,Tsallis entropy based image segmentation approach is applied to determine injured brain regions in the MRI image.Moreover,a fusion of handcrafted with deep features using Residual Network(ResNet)is utilized as feature extractors.Finally,HGSO algorithm with kernel extreme learning machine(KELM)model was utilized for identifying the presence of brain tumors.For examining the enhanced brain tumor classification performance,a comprehensive set of simulations take place on the BRATS 2015 dataset.
文摘A new method for the denoising,extraction and tumor detection on MRI images is presented in this paper.MRI images help physicians study and diagnose diseases or tumors present in the brain.This work is focused towards helping the radiologist and physician to have a second opinion on the diagnosis.The ambiguity of Magnetic Resonance(MR)image features is solved in a simpler manner.The MRI image acquired from the machine is subjected to analysis in the work.The real-time data is used for the analysis.Basic preprocessing is performed using various filters for noise removal.The de-noised image is segmented,and the feature extractions are performed.Features are extracted using the wavelet transform.When compared to other methods,the wavelet transform is more suitable for MRI image feature extraction.The features are given to the classifier which uses binary tree support vectors for classification.The classification process is compared with conventional methods.
基金Innovative and Entrepreneurship Training Foundation of Hainan Medical college students at 2016(No.HYCX2016083)Innovative and Entrepreneurship Training Foundation of Hainan province students at 2017(No.2017126)
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of Cassia o btusifolial extract on rats of traumatic brain injury.Methods:The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,traumatic brain injur(TBI)group,sham operation group(SHAM)group,(COB-H20 g/kg、COB-L10 g/kg)of Cassia extract groups,They were subjected to the modified Feeney's weight-drop model.sham group fake open skull window only,Cassia o btusifolial extract were given by intragastric administration and the rats were given distilled water instead as TBI and SHAM.The behavioral test was performed by Balance beam,TNF-αand IL-6 level was detected by ELASA method in serum on rats of TBI,The NSE positive cells near the region of injury was ascertainde by measuring in rats of TBI,and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of PI3K in rat brain tissues.Results:Both of Cassia extract groups and TBI traversed the beam significantly quicker than sham group at 3 time points before and after injury(P<0.01),and both of COB groups traversed the beam significantly shorter than TBI(P<0.05).The serum TNF-αand IL-6 content in TBI and Both of COB groups were significantly higher than sham group at 6,24,60h(P<0.01),To compare with the TBI group,the serum TNF-αand IL-6 content in the both of COB groups were significantly decreased respectively at the time 6,24 and 60 hours,The overall level gradually decreased at 24 h,but increased slightly at 60 h.Immunohistochemical method revealed that NSE was lowered dramaticly in sham and both of COB groups(P<0.05),but it was more efficient in both of COB groups compared to TBI group(P<0.05).the expressions of PI3 protein of the TBI group was decreased observbly than sham group(P<0.05),but COB-H group was inecreased significantly than TBI group same as sham group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Cassia o btusifolial extract can improve neurol function,increasing NSE positive cells and the expressions of PI3 protein lever.
文摘Chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor-transfected or ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to repair sciatic nerve injury better than chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts alone, or chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesized that these allografts compounded with both brain-derived neurotrophic factor- and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may demonstrate even better effects in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. We cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor and/or ciliary neurotrophic factor and used them to treat sciatic nerve injury in rats. We observed an increase in sciatic functional index, triceps wet weight recovery rate, myelin thickness, number of myelinated nerve fibers, amplitude of motor-evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity, and a shortened latency of motor-evoked potentials when allografts loaded with both neurotrophic factors were used, compared with allografts loaded with just one factor. Thus, the combination of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can greatly improve nerve injury.
