[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and identify the fungal diseases of wild and red heart kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of wild a...[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and identify the fungal diseases of wild and red heart kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of wild and red heart kiwifruit by tissue separation method.DNA sequencing was carried out by using the sequence analysis of ribosomal r DNA-ITS region,and molecular evolutionary trees were built by using MEGA 4.0 software.Finally,the pathogenic fungi were classified and identified by combining morphological observation.[Results]The main fungal diseases were anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on wild kiwifruit,fruit anthracnose caused by C.acutatum on red heart kiwifruit,leaf soft rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum on red heart kiwifruit,and brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata on red heart kiwifruit.[Conclusions]The study may provide some theoretical basis for the control of kiwifruit diseases in Qiandongnan Prefecture.展开更多
Wheat ranks first among cereal crops cultivated in the world. In its production, diseases like powdery mildew, fusarium head blight and rusts caused by fungal pathogens represent a major problem. They produce differen...Wheat ranks first among cereal crops cultivated in the world. In its production, diseases like powdery mildew, fusarium head blight and rusts caused by fungal pathogens represent a major problem. They produce different symptoms that cause severe crop damage by infecting the spikes, leaves, roots, stems and grains. They are causing losses both by reducing the quantity of the harvested crop and the quality of the product. Quality problems of the harvested product can be due to shrivelled seed, which are frequently found as a consequence of the infection by leaf pathogens, such as mildews, rusts and Septoria. Fusarium head blight is the major culprit for mycotoxin contamination from the harvested grain, causing economic losses and in the worst casing human and animal health problems. In severe epidemics, all these fungal diseases can significantly reduce yield. Resistance to fungi is beneficial not only from a commercial point of view （yield）, but also because of the reduced levels of mycotoxins. The integration of transgenic approaches offers a potential chemical-free and environment-friendly solution for controlling fungal pathogens. This is an essential asset for wheat world food security.展开更多
Wheat production is under continuous threat by various fungal pathogens.Identification of multipledisease resistance genes may lead to effective disease control via the development of cultivars with broad-spectrum res...Wheat production is under continuous threat by various fungal pathogens.Identification of multipledisease resistance genes may lead to effective disease control via the development of cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance.Plant Lysin-motif(LysM)-type pattern-recognition receptors,which elicit innate immunity by recognizing fungal pathogen associated molecular patterns such as chitin,are potential candidates for such resistance.In this study,we cloned a LysM receptor-like kinase gene,CERK1-V,from the diploid wheat relative Haynaldia villosa.CERK1-V expression was induced by chitin and Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici,the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew.Heterologous overexpression of CERK1-V in wheat inhibited the development of three fungal pathogens,thereby increased resistance to powdery mildew,yellow rust,and Fusarium head blight.CERK1-V physically interacted with the wheat Lys M protein Ta CEBi Ps.CERK1-V/Ta CEBi Ps interaction promoted chitin recognition and activated chitin signal transduction in wheat.Transgenic plants with excessively high CERK1-V expression showed high resistance but abnormal plant growth,whereas plants with moderate expression level showed adequate resistance level with no marked impairment of plant growth.In transgenic lines,RNA-seq showed that gene expression involved in plant innate immunity was activated.Expression of genes involved in photosynthesis,ER stress and multiple phytohormone pathways was also activated.Optimized expression of CERK1-V in wheat can confer disease resistance without compromising growth or defense fitness.展开更多
[ Objective ] The purpose was to understand species and occurrence status of major fugal diseases in sugarcane cultivation areas of Guangxi in China, so as to provide scientific references for integrated control again...[ Objective ] The purpose was to understand species and occurrence status of major fugal diseases in sugarcane cultivation areas of Guangxi in China, so as to provide scientific references for integrated control against sugarcane diseases. [ Method] Species and occurrence degrees of major fugal diseases in sugarcane cultivation areas of Guangxi were investigated through randomized surveys, farmer interviews, literature references and location investigations from 2009 to 2011. Diseased sugarcane samples were collected and their species were identified through pathogen isolated culture and other relevant methods. [ Result] Thirteen spe- cies of fungal diseases were identified in the survey, including pineapple disease [ Thielaviopsis paradoxa （ de Seynes ） V. Hohnel ], smut （ Ustilago scitaminea Sydow）, top rot disease （Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon）, rust （Puccinia melanocephala H. ＆ P. Syd. ）, leaf scald disease （Stagonospora sacchari Lo et Ling）, red rot disease （Colletotrichumfalcatum Went）, zonate spot disease （Phyllosticta saccharicola P. Henn. ）, leaf red spot disease [ Pellicularia sasakii （Shirai） Ito], white rash disease （Elsinoe sacchari L. ）, eye spot [Helminthosporium sacchari （Breda de Haan） Butler], yellow spot [Mycovellosiella koepkei （kruger） Deighton], brown stripe [Bipolaris stenospilum （Drechs.） Shoem. ] and brown spot （Cercospora longipes Butler）. Smut, rust, top rot, and pineapple disease were the most rampantly detrimental to quality and yield of sugarcane. [ Conclusion] Smut is the most serious sugarcane disease; it is urgent to breed sugarcane varieties with high resistance and excellent agronomic characters to replace current sugarcane varieties susceptible to diseases.展开更多
Invasive fungal diseases(IFDs)are major and lethal infectious complications for patients with neutropenia after chemotherapy.Prophylaxis with intravenous and oral suspended itraconazole(200 mg Q12h intravenously×...Invasive fungal diseases(IFDs)are major and lethal infectious complications for patients with neutropenia after chemotherapy.Prophylaxis with intravenous and oral suspended itraconazole(200 mg Q12h intravenously×2 days followed by 5 mg/kg·d orally in twice)or oral suspension of posaconazole(200 mg Q8h)was administered for preventing IFDs.The only 2 episodes of proven IFDs were not included after propensity-score matching(PSM),while the incidence of possible IFDs was 8.2%(9/110)in itraconazole group and 1.8%(2/110)in posaconazole group,respectively(P=.030).In clinical failure analysis,the failure rate of posaconazole group was lower as compared to the itraconazole group(2.7%vs 10.9%,P=.016).Both intravenous-oral itraconazole and posaconazole suspension are effective in preventing IFDs,while posaconazole suspension seems more tolerable.展开更多
TiO2 and 1% Ce^3＋-TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal method were characterized by means of XRD and UV-visible diffusive reflectance spectra（DRS）. The results of DRS analysis indicated that the 1% Ce^3＋-TiO2 catalyst ha...TiO2 and 1% Ce^3＋-TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal method were characterized by means of XRD and UV-visible diffusive reflectance spectra（DRS）. The results of DRS analysis indicated that the 1% Ce^3＋-TiO2 catalyst had significant optical absorption in the visible region between 400-450 nm because electrons could be excited from the valence band of TiO2 or cerium oxides to Ce 4f level. To investigate the photocatalytic activity of different catalysts for crop fungal disease control, a series of Quine tests were carried out for cucumber powdery mildew and litchi downy blight control in home-made photocatalytic reactor. The results showed that TiO2 photocatalysis technique should be effective to inhibit the growth of fungal diseases to some extent and P-25 had a higher activity for antifungal control than home-made TiO2 catalysts. TiO2-A prepared with Ti（SO4）2 is more active to contro 1 antifungal disease than TiO2-B prepared with TiOSO4 as precursor because the crystalline of TiO2-A was higher than that of TiO2-B. The antifungal index litchi downy blight control was greatly enhanced by doping 1% cerium ion. The antifungal index of 1.0%Ce3^＋-TiO2 was（47.0 ± 4.7）%, （82.2 ± 3.5）%, （100 ±0.0）% under indoor weaker light, solar light and black light, respectively. The results of field experiments showed that the antifungal index of 1.0%Ce^3＋-TiO2 was more than that of P-25. The antifungal index of 1.0%Ce^3＋-TiO2 was （81.7 ± 6.5）%, （67.5 ±4.7）%, （38.6±1.9）% for litchi downy blight, maize southern leaf spot, and rice blast, respectively. It was concluded that TiO2 photocatalysis technique should be an effective way for litchi fungal disease control in practice.展开更多
The development of resistant maize cultivars is the most effective and sustainable approach to combat fungal diseases.Over the last three decades,many quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping studies reported numerous QTL ...The development of resistant maize cultivars is the most effective and sustainable approach to combat fungal diseases.Over the last three decades,many quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping studies reported numerous QTL for fungal disease resistance(FDR)in maize.However,different genetic backgrounds of germplasm and differing QTL analysis algorithms limit the use of identified QTL for comparative studies.The meta-QTL(MQTL)analysis is the meta-analysis of multiple QTL experiments,which entails broader allelic coverage and helps in the combined analysis of diverse QTL mapping studies revealing common genomic regions for target traits.In the present study,128(33.59%)out of 381 reported QTL(from 82 studies)for FDR could be projected on the maize genome through MQTL analysis.It revealed 38 MQTL for FDR(12 diseases)on all chromosomes except chromosome 10.Five MQTL namely 1_4,2_4,3_2,3_4,and 5_4 were linked with multiple FDR.Total of 1910 candidate genes were identified for all the MQTL regions,with protein kinase gene families,TFs,pathogenesis-related,and disease-responsive proteins directly or indirectly associated with FDR.The comparison of physical positions of marker-traits association(MTAs)from genome-wide association studies with genes underlying MQTL interval verified the presence of QTL/candidate genes for particular diseases.The linked markers to MQTL and putative candidate genes underlying identified MQTL can be further validated in the germplasm through marker screening and expression studies.The study also attempted to unravel the underlying mechanism for FDR resistance by analyzing the constitutive gene network,which will be a useful resource to understand the molecular mechanism of defense-response of a particular disease and multiple FDR in maize.展开更多
This paper elaborates the symptom characteristics and control methods of virus diseases including squash leaf curl china virus(SLCCNV),watermelon mosaic virus(WMV),cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV),cucumber mosai...This paper elaborates the symptom characteristics and control methods of virus diseases including squash leaf curl china virus(SLCCNV),watermelon mosaic virus(WMV),cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV),cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV),as well as fungal diseases including zucchini powdery mildew,zucchini downy mildew and zucchini scab that harm zucchini production,in order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for disease prevention and control of zucchini.展开更多
Rose （Rosa chinexis Jacq）, a traditional Chinese ornamental flower, is widely planted for landscaping in China. Diseases, together with their typical symptoms on R. chinensis in China, are presented in this review. ...Rose （Rosa chinexis Jacq）, a traditional Chinese ornamental flower, is widely planted for landscaping in China. Diseases, together with their typical symptoms on R. chinensis in China, are presented in this review. Ten fungal, one bacterial, one viral and one physiological disease are noted in this study respec- tively. Two newly recorded diseases, rose leaf spot caused by ChaetomeUa raphigera and rose leaf blotch caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispom, are also described and illustrated. With the warming climate, the geographic distribution of rose diseases may expand and the losses cause by rose diseases are becoming more serious. Therefore, we must strengthen researches on host-pathogen-changing climate and pay more attentions on adapted management measures as well.展开更多
Diseases caused by fungal pathogens account for approximately 50% of all soybean disease losses around the world. Conflicting results of fungal disease resistance QTLs from different populations often occurred. The ob...Diseases caused by fungal pathogens account for approximately 50% of all soybean disease losses around the world. Conflicting results of fungal disease resistance QTLs from different populations often occurred. The objectives of this study were to： （i） evaluate evidence for reported fungal disease resistance QTLs associations in soybean and （ii） extract relatively reliable and useful information from the ＂real＂ QTLs and mine putative genes in soybean. An integrated map of fungal disease resistance QTLs in soybean was established with soymap 2 published in 2004 as a reference map. QTLs of fungal disease resistance developed from each of separate populations in recent 10 years were integrated into a combinative map for gene cloning and marker assisted selection in soybean. 107 QTLs from different maps were integrated and projected to the reference map with the software BioMercator 2.1. A method of meta-analysis was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 23 ＂real＂ QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained from 12 linkage groups （LG）, respectively. Two published R genes were found in these ＂real＂ QTLs intervals. Sequences in the ＂real＂ QTLs intervals were predicted by GENSCAN, and these predicted genes were annotated in Goblet. 228 resistance gene analogs （RGAs） in 12 different terms were mined. The results will lay the foundation for a bioinformatics platform combining abundant QTLs, and offer the basis for marker assisted selection and gene cloning in soybean.展开更多
The main symptoms of cotton viral diseases,bacterial diseases,fungal diseases and physiological diseases are introduced,and the corresponding prevention and control techniques are put forward,in order to provide a cer...The main symptoms of cotton viral diseases,bacterial diseases,fungal diseases and physiological diseases are introduced,and the corresponding prevention and control techniques are put forward,in order to provide a certain basis for the improvement of cotton yield and quality.展开更多
The study aimed to determine, by using a statistical model, the effect of weather conditions on the incidence of Lophodermium yellow needle blight causing by new species for science- Lophodermium corconticum, in the m...The study aimed to determine, by using a statistical model, the effect of weather conditions on the incidence of Lophodermium yellow needle blight causing by new species for science- Lophodermium corconticum, in the mountain dwarf pine growing in the subalpine Karkonosze Mountains and the Izerskie Mountains(Poland). Needles showed symptoms of yellow spots, gradual discolouration and premature fall in July. The assessment of healthiness of infected mountain dwarf pine needles spanned three years(2011- 2013) and was conducted in several test sites in the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains. The results were analyzed by taking into account the meteorological conditions. Field observations seem to indicate that the highest infestation of mountain dwarf pine occurs in June and July, while September and October see a significantly lower disease index in the Karkonosze Mountains. The lower indices of the infestation of mountain dwarf pine are characteristic for the vegetation in the Hala Izerska high mountain pasture; whereas the environmental conditions prevailing in the Kocio? Ma?ego Stawu cirque and above the Samotnia hostel are conducive to the development of Lophodermium yellow needle blight.展开更多
Solanum tuberosum L.from the Solanaceae family is one of the most important agricultural crops grown in the Philippines next to rice.Unfortunately,harvested potatoes were plagued with various fungal diseases resulting...Solanum tuberosum L.from the Solanaceae family is one of the most important agricultural crops grown in the Philippines next to rice.Unfortunately,harvested potatoes were plagued with various fungal diseases resulting to occurrence of dry rot affecting the production and harvest of potatoes.Dry rot in potatoes is caused by several fungal species in the genus Fusarium.Hence,this study aimed to isolate and identify fungal species associated with dry rot disease of potato.Potatoes showing diseased symptoms of dry rot were randomly selected and collected from various traders in La Trinidad,Benguet and were subjected for fungal isolation through serial dilution and plating.Identification was done through observation of cultural and morphological characteristics as well as DNA barcoding using ITS region.A total of six fungal species were subjected into BLAST which revealed the following species:Aspergillus flavus(100.00%),A.fumigatus(100.00%),A.niger(99.82%),Fusarium oxysporum(95.06%),F.solani(100.00%)and Mucor velutinosus(96.45%).To establish possible fungal species as potential biocontrol agent that would lessen the use of harmful chemicals,the identified fungal organisms were interacted with one another through in vitro interaction.Results showed that fungi exhibited antagonistic interaction against each other.Hyphal denaturation,hyphal penetration,hyphal coiling and cell lysis,were observed through microscopic observation.Meanwhile,M.velutinosus showed the ability to penetrate the host hyphae of the F.solani and F.oxysporum.Therefore,Mucor velutinosus could be a potential biological control agent against Fusarium species,which can reduce the use of harmful fungicides in controlling fungal diseases in potato that causes dry rot.展开更多
Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease ca...Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 to improve plant growth of locally important horticultural crops: lettuce, tomatoes and peppers and to prevent disease in the greenhouse and field. The effect of the Trichoderma treatment was evaluated by determining the weight of fresh and dry roots and above ground plant biomass, measuring plants height, counting the number of emerged leaves (lettuce, tomatoes and peppers) and quantifying production (tomatoes and peppers). No disease symptoms were found during production, although Fusarium sp. strains pathogenic to tomato were detected in the soil. Compounds containing copper oxychloride are frequently used for fungal disease control in agriculture. In order to investigate the compatibility of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 with copper oxychloride applications, the effect on mycelia growth was monitored in both liquid and solid medium. In general, the tests indicated a high level of tolerance of the Trichoderma strains to concentrations of copper oxychloride varying from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L.展开更多
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a valuable medicinal plant as well as spice crop in Bangladesh. The rhizome rot disease is a severe danger to turmeric cultivation. The current study sought to identify the fungal pathog...Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a valuable medicinal plant as well as spice crop in Bangladesh. The rhizome rot disease is a severe danger to turmeric cultivation. The current study sought to identify the fungal pathogen linked to turmeric rhizome rot disease. Rhizome of turmeric with distinct rotted symptoms was collected from the experimental site of the Botanical Garden, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. The sample was screened to isolate the causative fungal pathogen through the tissue planting technique. Macro and micro-morphological characterization based on colony appearance, mycelial and conidial characteristics primarily identified the fungus as Fusarium sp. The ITS sequence of rDNA of the fungus exhibited 99 to 100 percent similarity with the other F. solani species formerly deposited in the NCBI database which confirmed the fungal identity as F. solani. An in vitro pathogenicity test validated the pathogenic nature of the fungus. Growth behaviors of the fungus were evaluated on different solid culture media viz., Potato dextrose agar, Potato sucrose agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar and Hansen’s agar;temperature conditions (10?C, 15?C, 20?C, 25?C, 30?C and 35?C) and pH levels (pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 and pH 8). Maximum mycelial growth was obtained on PSA medium at 30?C temperature and pH 7 conditions. Current findings also conclude that F. solani favors a wide range of temperature and pH levels. To the best of our search, the present investigation revealed the relationship of F. solani with the rhizome rot disease of turmeric for the first time in Bangladesh.展开更多
Pleural involvement of cryptococcal infection is uncommon and is more commonly observed in immunocompromised hosts than in immunocompetent ones.Pleural involvement in cryptococcal infections can manifest with or witho...Pleural involvement of cryptococcal infection is uncommon and is more commonly observed in immunocompromised hosts than in immunocompetent ones.Pleural involvement in cryptococcal infections can manifest with or without pleural effusion.The presence of Cryptococcus spp.in the effusion or pleura is required for the diagnosis of cryptococcal pleural infection,which is commonly determined by pleural biopsy,fluid culture,and/or detection of cryptococcal antigen in the pleura or pleural fluid.展开更多
Fungi are an integral part of the earth's biosphere.They are broadly distributed in all continents and ecosystems and play a diversity of roles.Here,I review our current understanding of fungal threats to humans a...Fungi are an integral part of the earth's biosphere.They are broadly distributed in all continents and ecosystems and play a diversity of roles.Here,I review our current understanding of fungal threats to humans and describe the major factors that contribute to various threats.Among the 140,000 or so known species out of the estimated six million fungal species on Earth,about 10%directly or indirectly threaten human health and welfare.Major threats include mushroom poisoning,fungal allergies,infections of crop plants,food contamination by mycotoxins,and mycoses in humans.A growing number of factors have been identified to impact various fungal threats,including human demographics,crop distributions,anthropogenic activities,pathogen dispersals,global climate change,and/or the applications of antifungal drugs and agricultural fungicides.However,while models have been developed for analyzing various processes of individual threats and threat managements,current data are primarily descriptive and incomplete,and there are significant obstacles to integration of the diverse factors into accurate quantitative assessments of fungal threats.With increasing technological advances and concerted efforts to track the spatial and temporal data on climate and environmental variables;mycotoxins in the feed and food supply chains;fungal population dynamics in crop fields,human and animal populations,and the environment;human population demographics;and the prevalence and severities of fungal allergies and diseases,our ability to accurately assess fungal threats will improve.Such improvements should help us develop holistic strategies to manage fungal threats in the future.展开更多
Background Pulmonary fungal infection is one type of the common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. The disease is hard to diagnose because of its complicated imaging features. The objective of this study was t...Background Pulmonary fungal infection is one type of the common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. The disease is hard to diagnose because of its complicated imaging features. The objective of this study was to investigate the imaging performance characteristics of pulmonary fungal infection in AIDS patients.Methods Fifty-one patients with AIDS complicated with pulmonary fungal infection and 56 patients of non-AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection were examined by CT scans and high-resolution CT scans. The contrast enhanced scans were performed in patients with the mass or suspected enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Results were compared between the two groups.Results The most common fungal infection in the two groups of patients was Candida albicans. The infection rates were 54.8% （28 cases） in the group （AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection） and 58.3% （32 cases） in another group （non-AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection）. In the two groups, the difference in diffuse distribution and the difference in incidence of affected upper and lower lobes in the bilateral lung fields were statistically significant. The differences in patchy or large consolidation shadow, cavitas, enlarged lymph nodes in mediastinum and pleural effusion were also significant when comparing the two groups.Conclusions The lesion in most of AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection tends to exhibit diffuse distribution,patchy or large consolidation shadow covering a more extensive region. The differences between AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection and non-AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection are statistically significant in lesion location and complicated imaging features. The most common fungal infection in AIDS patients is Candida albicans.展开更多
Pecan(Carya illinoinensis)is a tree nut crop of worldwide economic importance that is rich in healthpromoting factors.However,pecan production and nut quality are greatly challenged by environmental stresses such as t...Pecan(Carya illinoinensis)is a tree nut crop of worldwide economic importance that is rich in healthpromoting factors.However,pecan production and nut quality are greatly challenged by environmental stresses such as the outbreak of severe fungal diseases.Here,we report a high-quality,chromosome-scale genome assembly of the controlled-cross pecan cultivar‘Pawnee’constructed by integrating Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technologies.Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses reveal two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events and two paleo-subgenomes in pecan and walnut.Time estimates suggest that the recent WGD event and considerable genome rearrangements in pecan and walnut account for expansions in genome size and chromosome number after the divergence from bayberry.The two paleo-subgenomes differ in size and protein-coding gene sets.They exhibit uneven ancient gene loss,asymmetrical distribution of transposable elements(especially LTR/Copia and LTR/Gypsy),and expansions in transcription factor families(such as the extreme pecan-specific expansion in the far-red impaired response 1 family),which are likely to reflect the long evolutionary history of species in the Juglandaceae.A whole-genome scan of resequencing data from 86 pecan scab-associated core accessions identified 47 chromosome regions containing 185 putative candidate genes.Significant changes were detected in the expression of candidate genes associated with the chitin response pathway under chitin treatment in the scab-resistant and scabsusceptible cultivars‘Excell’and‘Pawnee’.These findings enable us to identify key genes that may be important susceptibility factors for fungal diseases in pecan.The high-quality sequences are valuable resources for pecan breeders and will provide a foundation for the production and quality improvement of tree nut crops.展开更多
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） are considered to be the most promising agents for cash crop production via increasing crop yields and decreasing disease occurrence. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain...Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） are considered to be the most promising agents for cash crop production via increasing crop yields and decreasing disease occurrence. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain W19 can produce secondary metabolites （iturin and bacillomycin D） effectively against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense （FOC）. In this study, the ability of a bio-organic fertilizer （BIO） containing strain W19 to promote plant growth and suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana was evaluated in both pot and field experiments. The results showed that application of BIO significantly promoted the growth and fruit yield of banana while suppressing the banana Fusariurn wilt disease. To further determine the beneficial mechanisms of the strain, the colonization of green fluorescent protein-tagged strain W19 on banana roots was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of banana root exudates on the formation of biofilm of strain W19 indicated that the banana root exudates may enhance colonization. In addition, the strain W19 was able to produce indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, a plant growth-promoting hormone. The results of these experiments revealed that the application of strain W19-enriched BIO improved the banana root colonization of strain W19 and growth of banana and suppressed the Fusarium wilt. The PGPR strain W19 can be a useful biocontrol agent for the production of banana under field conditions.展开更多
基金Supported by Identification and Control Analysis of Diseases and Insect Pests of Kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture(QKH H[2017]7178)Guizhou Key Laboratory of Qiandongnan Ethnic Characteristic Food Research and Development(QJH KY[2017]011)Talent Team Project of Guizhou Department of Education(QJHRCTD[2015]70)。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and identify the fungal diseases of wild and red heart kiwifruit in Qiandongnan Prefecture.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of wild and red heart kiwifruit by tissue separation method.DNA sequencing was carried out by using the sequence analysis of ribosomal r DNA-ITS region,and molecular evolutionary trees were built by using MEGA 4.0 software.Finally,the pathogenic fungi were classified and identified by combining morphological observation.[Results]The main fungal diseases were anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on wild kiwifruit,fruit anthracnose caused by C.acutatum on red heart kiwifruit,leaf soft rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum on red heart kiwifruit,and brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata on red heart kiwifruit.[Conclusions]The study may provide some theoretical basis for the control of kiwifruit diseases in Qiandongnan Prefecture.
文摘Wheat ranks first among cereal crops cultivated in the world. In its production, diseases like powdery mildew, fusarium head blight and rusts caused by fungal pathogens represent a major problem. They produce different symptoms that cause severe crop damage by infecting the spikes, leaves, roots, stems and grains. They are causing losses both by reducing the quantity of the harvested crop and the quality of the product. Quality problems of the harvested product can be due to shrivelled seed, which are frequently found as a consequence of the infection by leaf pathogens, such as mildews, rusts and Septoria. Fusarium head blight is the major culprit for mycotoxin contamination from the harvested grain, causing economic losses and in the worst casing human and animal health problems. In severe epidemics, all these fungal diseases can significantly reduce yield. Resistance to fungi is beneficial not only from a commercial point of view （yield）, but also because of the reduced levels of mycotoxins. The integration of transgenic approaches offers a potential chemical-free and environment-friendly solution for controlling fungal pathogens. This is an essential asset for wheat world food security.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31661143005,31801350 and 32011530167)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0102001-004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M642266)。
文摘Wheat production is under continuous threat by various fungal pathogens.Identification of multipledisease resistance genes may lead to effective disease control via the development of cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance.Plant Lysin-motif(LysM)-type pattern-recognition receptors,which elicit innate immunity by recognizing fungal pathogen associated molecular patterns such as chitin,are potential candidates for such resistance.In this study,we cloned a LysM receptor-like kinase gene,CERK1-V,from the diploid wheat relative Haynaldia villosa.CERK1-V expression was induced by chitin and Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici,the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew.Heterologous overexpression of CERK1-V in wheat inhibited the development of three fungal pathogens,thereby increased resistance to powdery mildew,yellow rust,and Fusarium head blight.CERK1-V physically interacted with the wheat Lys M protein Ta CEBi Ps.CERK1-V/Ta CEBi Ps interaction promoted chitin recognition and activated chitin signal transduction in wheat.Transgenic plants with excessively high CERK1-V expression showed high resistance but abnormal plant growth,whereas plants with moderate expression level showed adequate resistance level with no marked impairment of plant growth.In transgenic lines,RNA-seq showed that gene expression involved in plant innate immunity was activated.Expression of genes involved in photosynthesis,ER stress and multiple phytohormone pathways was also activated.Optimized expression of CERK1-V in wheat can confer disease resistance without compromising growth or defense fitness.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agriculture (201005)Guangxi Innovation Team of Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System (Sugarcane)(NYCYTXGXCXTD-02)Capacity-building of Guangxi Sugarcane Engineering and Technology Research Center (GKN 1131B01)
文摘[ Objective ] The purpose was to understand species and occurrence status of major fugal diseases in sugarcane cultivation areas of Guangxi in China, so as to provide scientific references for integrated control against sugarcane diseases. [ Method] Species and occurrence degrees of major fugal diseases in sugarcane cultivation areas of Guangxi were investigated through randomized surveys, farmer interviews, literature references and location investigations from 2009 to 2011. Diseased sugarcane samples were collected and their species were identified through pathogen isolated culture and other relevant methods. [ Result] Thirteen spe- cies of fungal diseases were identified in the survey, including pineapple disease [ Thielaviopsis paradoxa （ de Seynes ） V. Hohnel ], smut （ Ustilago scitaminea Sydow）, top rot disease （Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon）, rust （Puccinia melanocephala H. ＆ P. Syd. ）, leaf scald disease （Stagonospora sacchari Lo et Ling）, red rot disease （Colletotrichumfalcatum Went）, zonate spot disease （Phyllosticta saccharicola P. Henn. ）, leaf red spot disease [ Pellicularia sasakii （Shirai） Ito], white rash disease （Elsinoe sacchari L. ）, eye spot [Helminthosporium sacchari （Breda de Haan） Butler], yellow spot [Mycovellosiella koepkei （kruger） Deighton], brown stripe [Bipolaris stenospilum （Drechs.） Shoem. ] and brown spot （Cercospora longipes Butler）. Smut, rust, top rot, and pineapple disease were the most rampantly detrimental to quality and yield of sugarcane. [ Conclusion] Smut is the most serious sugarcane disease; it is urgent to breed sugarcane varieties with high resistance and excellent agronomic characters to replace current sugarcane varieties susceptible to diseases.
基金the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)[2021-I2M-1-017]and[2021-I2M-C&T-B-080]Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund[HH22KYZX0036].
文摘Invasive fungal diseases(IFDs)are major and lethal infectious complications for patients with neutropenia after chemotherapy.Prophylaxis with intravenous and oral suspended itraconazole(200 mg Q12h intravenously×2 days followed by 5 mg/kg·d orally in twice)or oral suspension of posaconazole(200 mg Q8h)was administered for preventing IFDs.The only 2 episodes of proven IFDs were not included after propensity-score matching(PSM),while the incidence of possible IFDs was 8.2%(9/110)in itraconazole group and 1.8%(2/110)in posaconazole group,respectively(P=.030).In clinical failure analysis,the failure rate of posaconazole group was lower as compared to the itraconazole group(2.7%vs 10.9%,P=.016).Both intravenous-oral itraconazole and posaconazole suspension are effective in preventing IFDs,while posaconazole suspension seems more tolerable.
文摘TiO2 and 1% Ce^3＋-TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal method were characterized by means of XRD and UV-visible diffusive reflectance spectra（DRS）. The results of DRS analysis indicated that the 1% Ce^3＋-TiO2 catalyst had significant optical absorption in the visible region between 400-450 nm because electrons could be excited from the valence band of TiO2 or cerium oxides to Ce 4f level. To investigate the photocatalytic activity of different catalysts for crop fungal disease control, a series of Quine tests were carried out for cucumber powdery mildew and litchi downy blight control in home-made photocatalytic reactor. The results showed that TiO2 photocatalysis technique should be effective to inhibit the growth of fungal diseases to some extent and P-25 had a higher activity for antifungal control than home-made TiO2 catalysts. TiO2-A prepared with Ti（SO4）2 is more active to contro 1 antifungal disease than TiO2-B prepared with TiOSO4 as precursor because the crystalline of TiO2-A was higher than that of TiO2-B. The antifungal index litchi downy blight control was greatly enhanced by doping 1% cerium ion. The antifungal index of 1.0%Ce3^＋-TiO2 was（47.0 ± 4.7）%, （82.2 ± 3.5）%, （100 ±0.0）% under indoor weaker light, solar light and black light, respectively. The results of field experiments showed that the antifungal index of 1.0%Ce^3＋-TiO2 was more than that of P-25. The antifungal index of 1.0%Ce^3＋-TiO2 was （81.7 ± 6.5）%, （67.5 ±4.7）%, （38.6±1.9）% for litchi downy blight, maize southern leaf spot, and rice blast, respectively. It was concluded that TiO2 photocatalysis technique should be an effective way for litchi fungal disease control in practice.
基金supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR),New Delhi for assistance.
文摘The development of resistant maize cultivars is the most effective and sustainable approach to combat fungal diseases.Over the last three decades,many quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping studies reported numerous QTL for fungal disease resistance(FDR)in maize.However,different genetic backgrounds of germplasm and differing QTL analysis algorithms limit the use of identified QTL for comparative studies.The meta-QTL(MQTL)analysis is the meta-analysis of multiple QTL experiments,which entails broader allelic coverage and helps in the combined analysis of diverse QTL mapping studies revealing common genomic regions for target traits.In the present study,128(33.59%)out of 381 reported QTL(from 82 studies)for FDR could be projected on the maize genome through MQTL analysis.It revealed 38 MQTL for FDR(12 diseases)on all chromosomes except chromosome 10.Five MQTL namely 1_4,2_4,3_2,3_4,and 5_4 were linked with multiple FDR.Total of 1910 candidate genes were identified for all the MQTL regions,with protein kinase gene families,TFs,pathogenesis-related,and disease-responsive proteins directly or indirectly associated with FDR.The comparison of physical positions of marker-traits association(MTAs)from genome-wide association studies with genes underlying MQTL interval verified the presence of QTL/candidate genes for particular diseases.The linked markers to MQTL and putative candidate genes underlying identified MQTL can be further validated in the germplasm through marker screening and expression studies.The study also attempted to unravel the underlying mechanism for FDR resistance by analyzing the constitutive gene network,which will be a useful resource to understand the molecular mechanism of defense-response of a particular disease and multiple FDR in maize.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2021LZGC015)Taishan Industry Leading Talents Program(LJNY201812)。
文摘This paper elaborates the symptom characteristics and control methods of virus diseases including squash leaf curl china virus(SLCCNV),watermelon mosaic virus(WMV),cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV),cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV),as well as fungal diseases including zucchini powdery mildew,zucchini downy mildew and zucchini scab that harm zucchini production,in order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for disease prevention and control of zucchini.
基金Supported by Presidential Foundation of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(15003)
文摘Rose （Rosa chinexis Jacq）, a traditional Chinese ornamental flower, is widely planted for landscaping in China. Diseases, together with their typical symptoms on R. chinensis in China, are presented in this review. Ten fungal, one bacterial, one viral and one physiological disease are noted in this study respec- tively. Two newly recorded diseases, rose leaf spot caused by ChaetomeUa raphigera and rose leaf blotch caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispom, are also described and illustrated. With the warming climate, the geographic distribution of rose diseases may expand and the losses cause by rose diseases are becoming more serious. Therefore, we must strengthen researches on host-pathogen-changing climate and pay more attentions on adapted management measures as well.
基金supported by the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971809)the National 973 Program of China(2004CB 117203-5)+2 种基金the National 948 Project of China[(2006-G1(A)]the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program, 2006AA100104-3)the Heilongjiang Foundation for University Key Teachers,China(1152G007)
文摘Diseases caused by fungal pathogens account for approximately 50% of all soybean disease losses around the world. Conflicting results of fungal disease resistance QTLs from different populations often occurred. The objectives of this study were to： （i） evaluate evidence for reported fungal disease resistance QTLs associations in soybean and （ii） extract relatively reliable and useful information from the ＂real＂ QTLs and mine putative genes in soybean. An integrated map of fungal disease resistance QTLs in soybean was established with soymap 2 published in 2004 as a reference map. QTLs of fungal disease resistance developed from each of separate populations in recent 10 years were integrated into a combinative map for gene cloning and marker assisted selection in soybean. 107 QTLs from different maps were integrated and projected to the reference map with the software BioMercator 2.1. A method of meta-analysis was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 23 ＂real＂ QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained from 12 linkage groups （LG）, respectively. Two published R genes were found in these ＂real＂ QTLs intervals. Sequences in the ＂real＂ QTLs intervals were predicted by GENSCAN, and these predicted genes were annotated in Goblet. 228 resistance gene analogs （RGAs） in 12 different terms were mined. The results will lay the foundation for a bioinformatics platform combining abundant QTLs, and offer the basis for marker assisted selection and gene cloning in soybean.
文摘The main symptoms of cotton viral diseases,bacterial diseases,fungal diseases and physiological diseases are introduced,and the corresponding prevention and control techniques are put forward,in order to provide a certain basis for the improvement of cotton yield and quality.
基金financed by the National Science Centre of Poland(Grant number N304/069940)
文摘The study aimed to determine, by using a statistical model, the effect of weather conditions on the incidence of Lophodermium yellow needle blight causing by new species for science- Lophodermium corconticum, in the mountain dwarf pine growing in the subalpine Karkonosze Mountains and the Izerskie Mountains(Poland). Needles showed symptoms of yellow spots, gradual discolouration and premature fall in July. The assessment of healthiness of infected mountain dwarf pine needles spanned three years(2011- 2013) and was conducted in several test sites in the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains. The results were analyzed by taking into account the meteorological conditions. Field observations seem to indicate that the highest infestation of mountain dwarf pine occurs in June and July, while September and October see a significantly lower disease index in the Karkonosze Mountains. The lower indices of the infestation of mountain dwarf pine are characteristic for the vegetation in the Hala Izerska high mountain pasture; whereas the environmental conditions prevailing in the Kocio? Ma?ego Stawu cirque and above the Samotnia hostel are conducive to the development of Lophodermium yellow needle blight.
文摘Solanum tuberosum L.from the Solanaceae family is one of the most important agricultural crops grown in the Philippines next to rice.Unfortunately,harvested potatoes were plagued with various fungal diseases resulting to occurrence of dry rot affecting the production and harvest of potatoes.Dry rot in potatoes is caused by several fungal species in the genus Fusarium.Hence,this study aimed to isolate and identify fungal species associated with dry rot disease of potato.Potatoes showing diseased symptoms of dry rot were randomly selected and collected from various traders in La Trinidad,Benguet and were subjected for fungal isolation through serial dilution and plating.Identification was done through observation of cultural and morphological characteristics as well as DNA barcoding using ITS region.A total of six fungal species were subjected into BLAST which revealed the following species:Aspergillus flavus(100.00%),A.fumigatus(100.00%),A.niger(99.82%),Fusarium oxysporum(95.06%),F.solani(100.00%)and Mucor velutinosus(96.45%).To establish possible fungal species as potential biocontrol agent that would lessen the use of harmful chemicals,the identified fungal organisms were interacted with one another through in vitro interaction.Results showed that fungi exhibited antagonistic interaction against each other.Hyphal denaturation,hyphal penetration,hyphal coiling and cell lysis,were observed through microscopic observation.Meanwhile,M.velutinosus showed the ability to penetrate the host hyphae of the F.solani and F.oxysporum.Therefore,Mucor velutinosus could be a potential biological control agent against Fusarium species,which can reduce the use of harmful fungicides in controlling fungal diseases in potato that causes dry rot.
文摘Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 to improve plant growth of locally important horticultural crops: lettuce, tomatoes and peppers and to prevent disease in the greenhouse and field. The effect of the Trichoderma treatment was evaluated by determining the weight of fresh and dry roots and above ground plant biomass, measuring plants height, counting the number of emerged leaves (lettuce, tomatoes and peppers) and quantifying production (tomatoes and peppers). No disease symptoms were found during production, although Fusarium sp. strains pathogenic to tomato were detected in the soil. Compounds containing copper oxychloride are frequently used for fungal disease control in agriculture. In order to investigate the compatibility of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 with copper oxychloride applications, the effect on mycelia growth was monitored in both liquid and solid medium. In general, the tests indicated a high level of tolerance of the Trichoderma strains to concentrations of copper oxychloride varying from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L.
文摘Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a valuable medicinal plant as well as spice crop in Bangladesh. The rhizome rot disease is a severe danger to turmeric cultivation. The current study sought to identify the fungal pathogen linked to turmeric rhizome rot disease. Rhizome of turmeric with distinct rotted symptoms was collected from the experimental site of the Botanical Garden, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. The sample was screened to isolate the causative fungal pathogen through the tissue planting technique. Macro and micro-morphological characterization based on colony appearance, mycelial and conidial characteristics primarily identified the fungus as Fusarium sp. The ITS sequence of rDNA of the fungus exhibited 99 to 100 percent similarity with the other F. solani species formerly deposited in the NCBI database which confirmed the fungal identity as F. solani. An in vitro pathogenicity test validated the pathogenic nature of the fungus. Growth behaviors of the fungus were evaluated on different solid culture media viz., Potato dextrose agar, Potato sucrose agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar and Hansen’s agar;temperature conditions (10?C, 15?C, 20?C, 25?C, 30?C and 35?C) and pH levels (pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 and pH 8). Maximum mycelial growth was obtained on PSA medium at 30?C temperature and pH 7 conditions. Current findings also conclude that F. solani favors a wide range of temperature and pH levels. To the best of our search, the present investigation revealed the relationship of F. solani with the rhizome rot disease of turmeric for the first time in Bangladesh.
文摘Pleural involvement of cryptococcal infection is uncommon and is more commonly observed in immunocompromised hosts than in immunocompetent ones.Pleural involvement in cryptococcal infections can manifest with or without pleural effusion.The presence of Cryptococcus spp.in the effusion or pleura is required for the diagnosis of cryptococcal pleural infection,which is commonly determined by pleural biopsy,fluid culture,and/or detection of cryptococcal antigen in the pleura or pleural fluid.
文摘Fungi are an integral part of the earth's biosphere.They are broadly distributed in all continents and ecosystems and play a diversity of roles.Here,I review our current understanding of fungal threats to humans and describe the major factors that contribute to various threats.Among the 140,000 or so known species out of the estimated six million fungal species on Earth,about 10%directly or indirectly threaten human health and welfare.Major threats include mushroom poisoning,fungal allergies,infections of crop plants,food contamination by mycotoxins,and mycoses in humans.A growing number of factors have been identified to impact various fungal threats,including human demographics,crop distributions,anthropogenic activities,pathogen dispersals,global climate change,and/or the applications of antifungal drugs and agricultural fungicides.However,while models have been developed for analyzing various processes of individual threats and threat managements,current data are primarily descriptive and incomplete,and there are significant obstacles to integration of the diverse factors into accurate quantitative assessments of fungal threats.With increasing technological advances and concerted efforts to track the spatial and temporal data on climate and environmental variables;mycotoxins in the feed and food supply chains;fungal population dynamics in crop fields,human and animal populations,and the environment;human population demographics;and the prevalence and severities of fungal allergies and diseases,our ability to accurately assess fungal threats will improve.Such improvements should help us develop holistic strategies to manage fungal threats in the future.
文摘Background Pulmonary fungal infection is one type of the common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. The disease is hard to diagnose because of its complicated imaging features. The objective of this study was to investigate the imaging performance characteristics of pulmonary fungal infection in AIDS patients.Methods Fifty-one patients with AIDS complicated with pulmonary fungal infection and 56 patients of non-AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection were examined by CT scans and high-resolution CT scans. The contrast enhanced scans were performed in patients with the mass or suspected enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Results were compared between the two groups.Results The most common fungal infection in the two groups of patients was Candida albicans. The infection rates were 54.8% （28 cases） in the group （AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection） and 58.3% （32 cases） in another group （non-AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection）. In the two groups, the difference in diffuse distribution and the difference in incidence of affected upper and lower lobes in the bilateral lung fields were statistically significant. The differences in patchy or large consolidation shadow, cavitas, enlarged lymph nodes in mediastinum and pleural effusion were also significant when comparing the two groups.Conclusions The lesion in most of AIDS patients with pulmonary fungal infection tends to exhibit diffuse distribution,patchy or large consolidation shadow covering a more extensive region. The differences between AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection and non-AIDS with pulmonary fungal infection are statistically significant in lesion location and complicated imaging features. The most common fungal infection in AIDS patients is Candida albicans.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant no.Z20C160001)the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture at Zhejiang A&F University(grant no.ZY20180202)the Research and Development Fund of Zhejiang A&F University(grant no.2018FR002).
文摘Pecan(Carya illinoinensis)is a tree nut crop of worldwide economic importance that is rich in healthpromoting factors.However,pecan production and nut quality are greatly challenged by environmental stresses such as the outbreak of severe fungal diseases.Here,we report a high-quality,chromosome-scale genome assembly of the controlled-cross pecan cultivar‘Pawnee’constructed by integrating Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technologies.Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses reveal two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events and two paleo-subgenomes in pecan and walnut.Time estimates suggest that the recent WGD event and considerable genome rearrangements in pecan and walnut account for expansions in genome size and chromosome number after the divergence from bayberry.The two paleo-subgenomes differ in size and protein-coding gene sets.They exhibit uneven ancient gene loss,asymmetrical distribution of transposable elements(especially LTR/Copia and LTR/Gypsy),and expansions in transcription factor families(such as the extreme pecan-specific expansion in the far-red impaired response 1 family),which are likely to reflect the long evolutionary history of species in the Juglandaceae.A whole-genome scan of resequencing data from 86 pecan scab-associated core accessions identified 47 chromosome regions containing 185 putative candidate genes.Significant changes were detected in the expression of candidate genes associated with the chitin response pathway under chitin treatment in the scab-resistant and scabsusceptible cultivars‘Excell’and‘Pawnee’.These findings enable us to identify key genes that may be important susceptibility factors for fungal diseases in pecan.The high-quality sequences are valuable resources for pecan breeders and will provide a foundation for the production and quality improvement of tree nut crops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31572212 and 31372142)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB150503)+5 种基金the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2013AA102802)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20150059)the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of Chinathe 111 Project of China (No. B12009)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of China (No. 201410307089)the "Qing Lan" Project of China
文摘Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） are considered to be the most promising agents for cash crop production via increasing crop yields and decreasing disease occurrence. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain W19 can produce secondary metabolites （iturin and bacillomycin D） effectively against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense （FOC）. In this study, the ability of a bio-organic fertilizer （BIO） containing strain W19 to promote plant growth and suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana was evaluated in both pot and field experiments. The results showed that application of BIO significantly promoted the growth and fruit yield of banana while suppressing the banana Fusariurn wilt disease. To further determine the beneficial mechanisms of the strain, the colonization of green fluorescent protein-tagged strain W19 on banana roots was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of banana root exudates on the formation of biofilm of strain W19 indicated that the banana root exudates may enhance colonization. In addition, the strain W19 was able to produce indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, a plant growth-promoting hormone. The results of these experiments revealed that the application of strain W19-enriched BIO improved the banana root colonization of strain W19 and growth of banana and suppressed the Fusarium wilt. The PGPR strain W19 can be a useful biocontrol agent for the production of banana under field conditions.
