●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS...●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.展开更多
Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands we...Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.展开更多
AIM: To observe the changes of microcellular structure of meibomian glands(MGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM), and to explore its correlation with the duration of diabetes.METHODS: The study assessed 132 eyes of 132...AIM: To observe the changes of microcellular structure of meibomian glands(MGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM), and to explore its correlation with the duration of diabetes.METHODS: The study assessed 132 eyes of 132 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM group) and 100 eyes of 100 non-diabetic participants(NDM group). All patients underwent the examination of the Keratograph 5 M system to obtain the meibography which were used to evaluate the structure dropout of the MGs. And then laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) was performed for observing the acinar cells and ducts of the MGs to obtain the following parameters: the MG acinar unit density(MGAUD), MG acinar longest diameter(MGALD) and MG acinar shortest diameter(MGASD). The examination results of the right eye were selected for analysis.RESULTS: Compared with that in NDM group, the meiboscore was significantly higher(Z=-4.057, P<0.001), and there were more MGs dropout in DM group. With the prolongation of the course of diabetes, the absence of MGs aggravated and the MGs dropout score increased(r=0.596;P<0.001). LSCM showed that there were various cytological alterations in acinar cells of MGs with the progress of diabetes duration, such as expansion, atrophy or fibrosis of MG acinar units, decreased density of MG acinar units, deposition of lipid substances, infiltration of inflammatory cells, proliferation of fibrous tissues, etc. And the opening of the glandular duct changed from smooth at the beginning to narrow, blocked, fibrotic and so on. Compared with that in NDM group, the MGAUD in DM group was significantly lower(Z=-9.713;P<0.001), the MGALD and MGASD were significantly larger(Z=-9.751,-6.416;P<0.001). With the duration of diabetes, the MGAUD reduced, the MGASD increased(r=0.860, 0.364, P<0.001);but the MGALD had no correlation with diabetic duration(r=0.133, P=0.151).CONCLUSION: With the progress of diabetes, the meibomian glandular acinar cells of diabetic patients show various manifestations. Those changes may result in the dysfuction of the MGs, tear film instability and dry eye symptoms in patients with type 2 DM.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the morphological changes of meibomian glands in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （DM）.METHODS： Of 118 eyes （118 patients） with type 2 DM （DM group） and 100 eyes of 100 control subjec...AIM： To investigate the morphological changes of meibomian glands in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （DM）.METHODS： Of 118 eyes （118 patients） with type 2 DM （DM group） and 100 eyes of 100 control subjects （control group） were enrolled. After completing an ocular surface disease index （OSDI） questionnaire, the non-invasive tear film break-up time （NI-BUT） and the structure of the meibomian glands （MGs, meibography） were assessed by the Keratograph 5M system. Partial or complete loss of MG was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 （no loss） to grade 3 （lost area was 〉2/3 of the total MG area）, which were also examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM）. The primary outcomes were meibomian gland acinar unit density （MGAUD）, meibomian gland acinar longest diameter （MGALD） and meibomian gland acinar shortest diameter （MGASD）.RESULTS： Compared with control group, the OSDI was significantly higher in DM group （Z=-5.916; P〈0.001）, while the NI-BUT was significantly lower （Z=-7.765; P〈0.001）. Keratograph showed that there were more MGs dropout in DM group than that in control group. The meiboscore was significantly higher in DM group compared with control group （Z=-3.937; P〈0.001）. LSCM revealed that there were cytological alterations of MGs in DM group compared with control group, which included enlargement of MG acinar units and decreased in density of MG acinar units. Specifically, there were lower MGAUD, larger MGALD and MGASD in DM group than control group （Z=-10.120, -9.4442, -7.771; P〈0.001）.CONCLUSION： Compared with the normal control participants, the patients with type 2 DM had more unstable tear films and severe symptoms of dry eye. Using Keratograph 5M system and LSCM, we found that the patients with type 2 DM had more significant morphological and cytological changes and dysfunction in MGs.展开更多
Herein, we present a case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type(GA-FG) spreading to heterotopic gastric glands(HGG) in the submucosa. A 58-year-old man with epigastric pain was referred to our hospital and un...Herein, we present a case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type(GA-FG) spreading to heterotopic gastric glands(HGG) in the submucosa. A 58-year-old man with epigastric pain was referred to our hospital and underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. A Borrmann type II gastric cancer at the antrum and a 10 mm submucosal tumor-like lesion in the lesser curvature of the upper third of the stomach were detected. Histological examination of the biopsy specimens obtained from the submucosal tumorlike lesion suggested a GA-FG. Therefore, endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed as excisional biopsy, and histopathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed a GA-FG and HGG proximal to the GA-FG. Although the GA-FG invaded the submucosal layer slightly, the submucosal lesion of the GA-FG had a poor stromal reaction and was located just above the HGG in the submucosa. Therefore, wefinally diagnosed the lesion as a GA-FG invading the submucosal layer by spreading to HGG.展开更多
AIM： TO determine whether Chinese herbs （CHs） relieve xerostomia （dry mouth） by increasing salivary secretion. METHODS： The submandibular glands of Wistar rats were surgically isolated and perfused arterially wi...AIM： TO determine whether Chinese herbs （CHs） relieve xerostomia （dry mouth） by increasing salivary secretion. METHODS： The submandibular glands of Wistar rats were surgically isolated and perfused arterially with buffered salt solution. After control perfusion, recording started 5 min prior to the start of stimulation. After fluid secretion was induced by 0.2 μmol/L carbamylcholine （CCh） in the perfusate for 10 min, Chinese herb （CH） was added in the perfusion for 5 min. CCh was then overloaded at 0.2 μmol/L in the perfusion for 20 min. The volume of salivary fluid secretion was recorded by a computer-controlled balance system. RESULTS： Saliva secretion formed an initial ephemeral peak at 30 s followed by a gradual increase to a sustained level. CH alone induced no or little saliva in all types of CH selected. During perfusion with CH,overloading of CCh promoted fluid secretion in 1S of 20 CHs. This promotion was classified into four patterns, which were eventually related to the categories of CH： Overall sustained phase was continuously raised （Yin-nourishing, fluid production-promoting and heatclearing agents）; The sustained secretion rose to reach a maximum then decreased （Qi-enhancing agent）; Sustained secretion rose to reach the highest maximum and was then sustained with a slight decline （swelling-reducing, phlegm-resolving and pus-expelling agents）; Stimulation of salivary secretion without any added stimulants. Addition of CCh raised the fluid secretion to reach the highest maximum then sharply decreased to a lower sustained level （blood activating agent）. CONCLUSION： The present findings lead to the conclusion that various CHs have different promotional effects directly on the salivary gland.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided in...Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the study.Croup I received soya oil（2 mL/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg <sup> </sup>l/10th of the LD<sub>50</sub>) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min later.The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 d.At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary gland.Melatonin pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT activities.Conclusions:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.展开更多
Objective: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC) is the most common primary malignancy of the salivary glands. Insulin-like growth factor-II m RNA-binding protein-3(IMP3) is an important prognostic factor in some cancers and ...Objective: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC) is the most common primary malignancy of the salivary glands. Insulin-like growth factor-II m RNA-binding protein-3(IMP3) is an important prognostic factor in some cancers and a tool that differentiates between benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. This study aimed to identify a relationship between the expression of IMP3 and the outcome of salivary gland MEC, as well as to differentiate MEC from pleomorphic adenoma(PA).Methods: Tissue specimens from 70 cases of salivary gland MEC, 40 cases of PA, and 10 cases with normal salivary gland were examined immunohistochemically for IMP3. The association among the expression of IMP3, clinicopathological characteristics and patient's survival was assessed.Results: IMP3 was present in 51.4% of MEC but absent in PA and normal salivary gland tissues. IMP3 expression was associated with age > 60 years, submandibular gland tumors, tumor size > 4 cm, high-grade tumors, lymph node metastasis, involvement of surgical margins, perineural invasion, distant metastasis, advanced TNM stage, tumor relapse, and death(P<0.05). Increased expression of IMP3, tumors of the submandibular gland, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival(DFS). In addition, IMP3 was a strong predictor of overall survival(OS) together with distant metastasis and intermediate and high-grade tumors.Conclusions: IMP3 expression is highly important in evaluating the outcome of MEC. IMP3 can be used to differentiate MEC from PA of salivary glands.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the roles of peribiliary glands around the bile ducts in the pathophysiology of the biliary tract.METHODS:The expression of fetal pancreatic markers,pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1(PDX1)and ha...AIM:To investigate the roles of peribiliary glands around the bile ducts in the pathophysiology of the biliary tract.METHODS:The expression of fetal pancreatic markers,pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1(PDX1)and hairy and enhancer of split 1(HES1)and endodermal stem/progenitor(S/P)cell markers[CD44s,chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),SOX9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)]were examined immunohistochemically in 32 normal adult livers(autopsy livers)and 22 hepatolithiatic livers(surgically resected livers).The latter was characterized by the proliferation of the peribiliary glands.Immunohistochemistry was performed using formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissue sections after deparaffinization.Although PDX1and HES1 were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells,only nuclear staining was evaluated.SOX9 was expressed in the nucleus,while CD44s,CXCR4 and EpCAM were expressed in the cell membranes.The frequency and extent of the expression of these molecules in the lining epithelia and peribiliary glands were evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the percentage of positive cells:0,1+(focal),2+(moderate)and 3+(extensive).RESULTS:In normal livers,PDX1 was infrequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but was frequently expressed in the peribiliary glands.In contrast,HES1was frequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but its expression in the peribiliary glands was focal,suggesting that the peribiliary glands retain the potential of differentiation toward the pancreas and the lining epithelia exhibit properties to inhibit such differentiation.This unique combination was also seen in hepatolithiatic livers.The expression of endodermal S/P cell markers varied in the peribiliary glands in normal livers:SOX9 and EpCAM were frequently expressed,CD44s infrequently,and CXCR4 almost not at all.The expression of these markers,particularly CD44s and CXCR4,increased in the peribiliary glands and lining epithelia in hepatolithiatic livers.This increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers may be related to the increased production of intestinal and gastric mucin and also to the biliary neoplasia associated with the gastric and intestinal phenotypes reported in hepatolithiasis.CONCLUSION:The unique expression pattern of PDX1and HES1 and increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers in the peribiliary glands may be involved in biliary pathophysiologies.展开更多
Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a common disease in the middle-aged women, and it is a precancerous lesion of mammary glands. For many years, the author has used Rugen (ST 18) of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yang... Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a common disease in the middle-aged women, and it is a precancerous lesion of mammary glands. For many years, the author has used Rugen (ST 18) of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming as the main point withcertain auxiliary points chosen on basis of the differentiation types to treat the disease and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects. A report follows.
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Purpose: Investigation of the influence of radiation dose to salivary glands on xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancers. Methods: From October 2002 to December 2011, 548 patients with head and neck carcinoma...Purpose: Investigation of the influence of radiation dose to salivary glands on xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancers. Methods: From October 2002 to December 2011, 548 patients with head and neck carcinomas were treated in our department using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). 325 patients were eligible for analysis more than 1 year after irradiation. Xerostomia was evaluated according to the criteria of Radiation Therapy and Oncology Group (RTOG) and xerostomia related questionnaire. For statistical analysis grade 1 and 2 were recorded as mild and grade 3 and 4 as severe xerostomia. The dosimetric values for absolute mean dose, biological equivalent mean dose (EQD2), the relative organ volume not exceeding 20 Gy, 25 Gy and 30 Gy (V20, V25, V30) for all 4 major salivary glands or for both parotid glands only were used for analysis. V20 revealed the best discrimination between both patient groups (with vs. without xerostomia), compared to parameters V25 and V30. Therefore the volume of the salivary glands receiving less than 20 Gy (V 20Gy) was analyzed additionally. Mann-Whitney-U-test, Kruskal-Wallis-test and logistic regression were used in statistical analysis. Results: A TD 50 can be determined for the occurrence of xerostomia more than one year after radiotherapy for both parotid glands of 19.3 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 11.2 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 38.2% for V20, 26.8% for V25, 18.7% for V30, 34.9 ml for V 20Gy. For all major salivary glands theses values were 25.7 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 15.6 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 51.3% for V20, 41.1% for V25, 33.9% for V30 and 34.8 ml for V 20Gy. Conclusions: The identification of a tolerance dose for the salivary glands for treatment planning appears to be difficult, as the dose-response correlation only shows a flat slope. Additionally, a large interindividual variability seems to exist. We could not found any threshold dose for development of xerostomia.展开更多
A culture technique had been developed by which the normal mor-phological integrity of the porcine thyroid tissue was well preserved. Few ultra-strvctural changes following TSE stimulation could be detected compared w...A culture technique had been developed by which the normal mor-phological integrity of the porcine thyroid tissue was well preserved. Few ultra-strvctural changes following TSE stimulation could be detected compared withthe control group. Parafollicular cells were detected after being cultured for 96h in the presence of TSH. For the first time, we used scanning electron micro-scope to study the ultrastructural changes of organ cultured thyroid gland.展开更多
In the present paper,30 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands were treated withelectroacupuncture in different times following menstruation,showing satisfactory results.The totaleffective rate was up to 96.67％.In ad...In the present paper,30 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands were treated withelectroacupuncture in different times following menstruation,showing satisfactory results.The totaleffective rate was up to 96.67％.In addition,the symptom of mastalgla abated abviously after treat-ment.展开更多
Programmed cel death （PCD） plays a critical role in the development of plant pigment glands, while H2O2, which is a kind of reactive oxygen species （ROS） produced by the aerobic metabolism of cels, acts as an impo...Programmed cel death （PCD） plays a critical role in the development of plant pigment glands, while H2O2, which is a kind of reactive oxygen species （ROS） produced by the aerobic metabolism of cels, acts as an important signal in this process. Here, we investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of accumulated H2O2 in pigment glands ofGossypium hirsutum L. with 3,3-diaminobenzidine （DAB） staining, 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrolfuorescein diacetate （DCFH2）-DA lfuorescent labeling and CeCl3 cytochemical localization techniques. The results showed that thepigment glandsofG. hirsutum could generate H2O2, and the amount and localization of H2O2 variedat different developmental stages. At the early developmental stage, a smal amount of H2O2 accumulated in the vacuole membrane of pigment gland cels. At the intermediate stage, a large number of H2O2 appeared in the vacuole membrane, while cel wals started to accumulate a smal amount of H2O2. When pigment gland cel degraded, H2O2 mainly accumulated on the chloroplast envelope membrane of inner sheath cels. With the degradation of the sheath cels, H2O2was detected in cel wal and the membrane of secretory vesicles which contains the preliminary contents of pigment gland. With the pigment glands completely maturation, H2O2 would disappeared. The accumulation sites of H2O2are consistent with the process of PCD of individual gland cels, which started from the degra-dation of intracelular membrane and ended with the degradation of cel wals. Thus H2O2 probably plays an important role in the development of pigment glands. In addition, the development of pigment glands and the generation of H2O2 are not associated with the light, and no H2O2 was detected in the secretions of pigment glands.展开更多
Benign neoplasia of the duodenum are very rare. Moreover, duodenal tubulovillous adenomas are more uncommon lesions. The microscopic structure of tubulovillous adenoma has frond-like projection of mucosa with branchin...Benign neoplasia of the duodenum are very rare. Moreover, duodenal tubulovillous adenomas are more uncommon lesions. The microscopic structure of tubulovillous adenoma has frond-like projection of mucosa with branching papillary structure and generally upward growth into the lumen. We describe a 72-year-old man who showed aduodenal tubulovillous adenoma with unusual inverted cystic growth pattern. Interestingly, this tubulovillous adenomatous lesion was interrupted by gastric metaplasia in the deep portion of the cyst and was closely surrounded by Brunner’s glands. Although histogenesis of gastric metaplasia of duodenum is not fully understood, Brunner’s glands has been suggested as a precursor for gastric metaplasia. Therefore, these findings argued that this adenoma arises from Brunner’s glands through gastric metaplasia. This is the first case of inverted cystic tubulovillous adenoma involving Brunner’s glands of duodenum with gastric metaplasia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC)is a rare malignancy of the head and neck;however,it accounts for a majority of the tumors of the salivary glands.This study used a national population-based registry to describ...BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC)is a rare malignancy of the head and neck;however,it accounts for a majority of the tumors of the salivary glands.This study used a national population-based registry to describe the pre-treatment and treatment-related prognostic factors that influence survival in patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.To our knowledge,this is the largest populationbased study examining predictors of both overall and cause-specific survival of MEC of the major salivary glands.AIM To identify prognostic factors influencing overall survival(OS)and cause-specific survival(CSS)of patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.METHODS We used the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End-Results Database of the National Cancer Institute to investigate a variety of factors that could influence survival of patients diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the major salivary glands.A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands during the years of 1975-2016 were studied.The primary endpoints were OS and CSS.Cox regression analysis was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical variables such as age at diagnosis,diagnosis year,sex,race,tumor size,stage,grade,treatment with or without surgical excision,and adjuvant radiotherapy treatment.RESULTS A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands met inclusion criteria.In this study,95%of patients underwent surgical excision and 41%received adjuvant radiation therapy.Median OS time for Grade I,II,and III/IV was 401 mo(±48.25,95%CI),340 mo(±33.68,95%CI)and 55 mo(±11.05,95%CI),respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that lack of surgical excision was associated with decreased OS[hazard ratio(HR)4.26,P<0.0001]and that patients with localized disease had improved OS compared to both regional and distant disease(HR 3.07 and 6.96,respectively,P<0.0001).Additionally,univariate analysis demonstrated that male sex,age over 50 at diagnosis,Grade III tumors,and increasing tumor size were associated with worsened OS(P<0.0006).Univariate analysis of CSS similarly revealed that lack of surgical excision and Grade III carcinoma conferred decreased CSS(HR 4.37 and 5.44,respectively,P<0.0001).Multivariate analysis confirmed that increasing age,in 10-year age bands,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with a statistically significant decrease in OS and CSS(P<0.04).Of note,multivariate analysis revealed that the use of adjuvant radiation therapy was not associated with improved OS or CSS.CONCLUSION Multivariate analysis demonstrated increasing age,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with decreased OS and CSS(P<0.04).展开更多
A case report presents a progression of autoimmune thyroiditis with an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid glands and increased thyreotropin hormone concentration-associated with interferon treatment in human papillom...A case report presents a progression of autoimmune thyroiditis with an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid glands and increased thyreotropin hormone concentration-associated with interferon treatment in human papillomavirus infected patient with the autoimmune thyroiditis and a daily L-thyroxin hormone replacement therapy background. Observation was supplemented with a brief review of literature and discussion. On the basis of this observation and a brief review of literature authors suggested that the potential adverse effects of interferon therapy are overbalanced than its benefits for gynecological patients, therefore any interferon treatment should be recommended with strict indications as well as after screening of conditions and functions of thyroid glands and other interferon target organs to avoid interferon treatment side effects. Practitioners especially gynecologists should inform their patients about pleiotropic interferon effects and its high frequent and wide range side effects before to start such kind of treatment.展开更多
The aim of this study was to contribute to strengthening the efficiency in the treatment of the salivary gland tumours in the Stomatology and Maxillo-facial surgery service at the University Hospital Centre/Yalgado OU...The aim of this study was to contribute to strengthening the efficiency in the treatment of the salivary gland tumours in the Stomatology and Maxillo-facial surgery service at the University Hospital Centre/Yalgado OUEDRAOGO of Ouagadougou. It has been a retrospective and descriptive study covering seven (7) years [January 2006-December 2012] on epidemiology and the treatment of 54 cases of the salivary glands tumours histologically confirmed. Benign tumours (non-malignant tumours were prevalent (61.11% of cases). The annual incidences were 4.71 cases for non malignant tumours and 3 cases for malignant tumours. The average age was 34-45 years for non malignant tumours and 44-33 years for malignant ones. In both groups, the tumour was discovered lately with an average 32-48 months before consulting in case of non malignant tumours and 18-29 months for malignant tumours. The location of non malignant tumours was very often the parotid (42.42%), under mandible gland (27.28%). Malignant tumours very often concerned the parotid (76.18%) and the under mandible gland (14.29%). The histology has revealed that pleomorphic adenoma was the leading type of non-malignant tumours (93.94% of cases) whereas carcinoma was predominant in malignant tumours (80.95% of cases). Long term track keeping was difficult and it has been complicated by the loss of contact with some patients. The low living standard, the time wasted before consulting, limited human resources and therapeutic means constitute handicaps to the treatment in our African context.展开更多
Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the delete...Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the deleterious effect of delayed specialist consultation, which in our context is multifactorial in origin.展开更多
A long-term blood feeder, like the <i><span>Hyalomma</span></i><span> </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> tick, requires extended con...A long-term blood feeder, like the <i><span>Hyalomma</span></i><span> </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> tick, requires extended control over all hemostatic defense mechanisms generated by the host during feeding, including blood coagulation. To overcome this, ticks have evolved numerous molecules that target proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. New insights into the role of clotting factors in the development and progression of cancer have identified anticoagulant treatment as a potential therapeutic approach. In this context, the present work assessed the anticoagulation activities of crude and fractionated salivary gland extract (SGE) prepared from semi-fed </span><i><span>H</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> females. Additionally, the antitumor effects of the potent anti-thrombin fractions were determined against colon cancer (Caco-2) and normal skin (HFB4) cells. Crude SGE significantly prolonged clotting time in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) assays and inhibited thrombin in FII-activity assay. Using anion-exchange chromatography, the fractions that strongly inhibited thrombin (3.A4 and 3.A5) were eluted. Both fractions prolonged the aPTT and TT clotting times and reduced the activity of FII significantly. The protein profiles of both fractions indicated the presence of a single polypeptide band of about 99 kDa. Regarding anti-cancer potential of the tested fractions, Caco-2 cells showed reduced viability with obvious morphological changes, induced apoptosis and a reduced level of vascular endothelial </span><span>growth factor (VEGF). G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed only in 3.A5-treated</span><span> cells. No cytotoxic effects were observed in HFB4 cells. These results demonstrated the potential of tick-derived anticoagulants, specifically thrombin inhibitors, as effective tools in colorectal cancer treatment. Further purification of the effector molecule(s) is required to fully characterize their structures and mechanisms of action.</span>展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J011084)Fujian Province Technology and Economy Integration Service Platform(No.2023XRH001)Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Collaborative Innovation Platform(No.2022FX5)。
文摘●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.
文摘Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.
文摘AIM: To observe the changes of microcellular structure of meibomian glands(MGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM), and to explore its correlation with the duration of diabetes.METHODS: The study assessed 132 eyes of 132 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM group) and 100 eyes of 100 non-diabetic participants(NDM group). All patients underwent the examination of the Keratograph 5 M system to obtain the meibography which were used to evaluate the structure dropout of the MGs. And then laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) was performed for observing the acinar cells and ducts of the MGs to obtain the following parameters: the MG acinar unit density(MGAUD), MG acinar longest diameter(MGALD) and MG acinar shortest diameter(MGASD). The examination results of the right eye were selected for analysis.RESULTS: Compared with that in NDM group, the meiboscore was significantly higher(Z=-4.057, P<0.001), and there were more MGs dropout in DM group. With the prolongation of the course of diabetes, the absence of MGs aggravated and the MGs dropout score increased(r=0.596;P<0.001). LSCM showed that there were various cytological alterations in acinar cells of MGs with the progress of diabetes duration, such as expansion, atrophy or fibrosis of MG acinar units, decreased density of MG acinar units, deposition of lipid substances, infiltration of inflammatory cells, proliferation of fibrous tissues, etc. And the opening of the glandular duct changed from smooth at the beginning to narrow, blocked, fibrotic and so on. Compared with that in NDM group, the MGAUD in DM group was significantly lower(Z=-9.713;P<0.001), the MGALD and MGASD were significantly larger(Z=-9.751,-6.416;P<0.001). With the duration of diabetes, the MGAUD reduced, the MGASD increased(r=0.860, 0.364, P<0.001);but the MGALD had no correlation with diabetic duration(r=0.133, P=0.151).CONCLUSION: With the progress of diabetes, the meibomian glandular acinar cells of diabetic patients show various manifestations. Those changes may result in the dysfuction of the MGs, tear film instability and dry eye symptoms in patients with type 2 DM.
文摘AIM： To investigate the morphological changes of meibomian glands in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （DM）.METHODS： Of 118 eyes （118 patients） with type 2 DM （DM group） and 100 eyes of 100 control subjects （control group） were enrolled. After completing an ocular surface disease index （OSDI） questionnaire, the non-invasive tear film break-up time （NI-BUT） and the structure of the meibomian glands （MGs, meibography） were assessed by the Keratograph 5M system. Partial or complete loss of MG was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 （no loss） to grade 3 （lost area was 〉2/3 of the total MG area）, which were also examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM）. The primary outcomes were meibomian gland acinar unit density （MGAUD）, meibomian gland acinar longest diameter （MGALD） and meibomian gland acinar shortest diameter （MGASD）.RESULTS： Compared with control group, the OSDI was significantly higher in DM group （Z=-5.916; P〈0.001）, while the NI-BUT was significantly lower （Z=-7.765; P〈0.001）. Keratograph showed that there were more MGs dropout in DM group than that in control group. The meiboscore was significantly higher in DM group compared with control group （Z=-3.937; P〈0.001）. LSCM revealed that there were cytological alterations of MGs in DM group compared with control group, which included enlargement of MG acinar units and decreased in density of MG acinar units. Specifically, there were lower MGAUD, larger MGALD and MGASD in DM group than control group （Z=-10.120, -9.4442, -7.771; P〈0.001）.CONCLUSION： Compared with the normal control participants, the patients with type 2 DM had more unstable tear films and severe symptoms of dry eye. Using Keratograph 5M system and LSCM, we found that the patients with type 2 DM had more significant morphological and cytological changes and dysfunction in MGs.
文摘Herein, we present a case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type(GA-FG) spreading to heterotopic gastric glands(HGG) in the submucosa. A 58-year-old man with epigastric pain was referred to our hospital and underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. A Borrmann type II gastric cancer at the antrum and a 10 mm submucosal tumor-like lesion in the lesser curvature of the upper third of the stomach were detected. Histological examination of the biopsy specimens obtained from the submucosal tumorlike lesion suggested a GA-FG. Therefore, endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed as excisional biopsy, and histopathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed a GA-FG and HGG proximal to the GA-FG. Although the GA-FG invaded the submucosal layer slightly, the submucosal lesion of the GA-FG had a poor stromal reaction and was located just above the HGG in the submucosa. Therefore, wefinally diagnosed the lesion as a GA-FG invading the submucosal layer by spreading to HGG.
基金Supported by Cooperation survey and research project of the Nippon Foundation of the Japan-China Medical Association (2006-12)the International cooperation project (BZ2006058) of Bureau of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘AIM： TO determine whether Chinese herbs （CHs） relieve xerostomia （dry mouth） by increasing salivary secretion. METHODS： The submandibular glands of Wistar rats were surgically isolated and perfused arterially with buffered salt solution. After control perfusion, recording started 5 min prior to the start of stimulation. After fluid secretion was induced by 0.2 μmol/L carbamylcholine （CCh） in the perfusate for 10 min, Chinese herb （CH） was added in the perfusion for 5 min. CCh was then overloaded at 0.2 μmol/L in the perfusion for 20 min. The volume of salivary fluid secretion was recorded by a computer-controlled balance system. RESULTS： Saliva secretion formed an initial ephemeral peak at 30 s followed by a gradual increase to a sustained level. CH alone induced no or little saliva in all types of CH selected. During perfusion with CH,overloading of CCh promoted fluid secretion in 1S of 20 CHs. This promotion was classified into four patterns, which were eventually related to the categories of CH： Overall sustained phase was continuously raised （Yin-nourishing, fluid production-promoting and heatclearing agents）; The sustained secretion rose to reach a maximum then decreased （Qi-enhancing agent）; Sustained secretion rose to reach the highest maximum and was then sustained with a slight decline （swelling-reducing, phlegm-resolving and pus-expelling agents）; Stimulation of salivary secretion without any added stimulants. Addition of CCh raised the fluid secretion to reach the highest maximum then sharply decreased to a lower sustained level （blood activating agent）. CONCLUSION： The present findings lead to the conclusion that various CHs have different promotional effects directly on the salivary gland.
基金Partly supported by Ahmadu Bello University Board of Research(Grant No.ABU/UBR/125/09)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the study.Croup I received soya oil（2 mL/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg <sup> </sup>l/10th of the LD<sub>50</sub>) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min later.The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 d.At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary gland.Melatonin pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT activities.Conclusions:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.
文摘Objective: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC) is the most common primary malignancy of the salivary glands. Insulin-like growth factor-II m RNA-binding protein-3(IMP3) is an important prognostic factor in some cancers and a tool that differentiates between benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. This study aimed to identify a relationship between the expression of IMP3 and the outcome of salivary gland MEC, as well as to differentiate MEC from pleomorphic adenoma(PA).Methods: Tissue specimens from 70 cases of salivary gland MEC, 40 cases of PA, and 10 cases with normal salivary gland were examined immunohistochemically for IMP3. The association among the expression of IMP3, clinicopathological characteristics and patient's survival was assessed.Results: IMP3 was present in 51.4% of MEC but absent in PA and normal salivary gland tissues. IMP3 expression was associated with age > 60 years, submandibular gland tumors, tumor size > 4 cm, high-grade tumors, lymph node metastasis, involvement of surgical margins, perineural invasion, distant metastasis, advanced TNM stage, tumor relapse, and death(P<0.05). Increased expression of IMP3, tumors of the submandibular gland, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival(DFS). In addition, IMP3 was a strong predictor of overall survival(OS) together with distant metastasis and intermediate and high-grade tumors.Conclusions: IMP3 expression is highly important in evaluating the outcome of MEC. IMP3 can be used to differentiate MEC from PA of salivary glands.
文摘AIM:To investigate the roles of peribiliary glands around the bile ducts in the pathophysiology of the biliary tract.METHODS:The expression of fetal pancreatic markers,pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1(PDX1)and hairy and enhancer of split 1(HES1)and endodermal stem/progenitor(S/P)cell markers[CD44s,chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),SOX9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)]were examined immunohistochemically in 32 normal adult livers(autopsy livers)and 22 hepatolithiatic livers(surgically resected livers).The latter was characterized by the proliferation of the peribiliary glands.Immunohistochemistry was performed using formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissue sections after deparaffinization.Although PDX1and HES1 were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells,only nuclear staining was evaluated.SOX9 was expressed in the nucleus,while CD44s,CXCR4 and EpCAM were expressed in the cell membranes.The frequency and extent of the expression of these molecules in the lining epithelia and peribiliary glands were evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the percentage of positive cells:0,1+(focal),2+(moderate)and 3+(extensive).RESULTS:In normal livers,PDX1 was infrequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but was frequently expressed in the peribiliary glands.In contrast,HES1was frequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but its expression in the peribiliary glands was focal,suggesting that the peribiliary glands retain the potential of differentiation toward the pancreas and the lining epithelia exhibit properties to inhibit such differentiation.This unique combination was also seen in hepatolithiatic livers.The expression of endodermal S/P cell markers varied in the peribiliary glands in normal livers:SOX9 and EpCAM were frequently expressed,CD44s infrequently,and CXCR4 almost not at all.The expression of these markers,particularly CD44s and CXCR4,increased in the peribiliary glands and lining epithelia in hepatolithiatic livers.This increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers may be related to the increased production of intestinal and gastric mucin and also to the biliary neoplasia associated with the gastric and intestinal phenotypes reported in hepatolithiasis.CONCLUSION:The unique expression pattern of PDX1and HES1 and increased expression of endodermal S/P cell markers in the peribiliary glands may be involved in biliary pathophysiologies.
文摘 Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a common disease in the middle-aged women, and it is a precancerous lesion of mammary glands. For many years, the author has used Rugen (ST 18) of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming as the main point withcertain auxiliary points chosen on basis of the differentiation types to treat the disease and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effects. A report follows.
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文摘Purpose: Investigation of the influence of radiation dose to salivary glands on xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancers. Methods: From October 2002 to December 2011, 548 patients with head and neck carcinomas were treated in our department using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). 325 patients were eligible for analysis more than 1 year after irradiation. Xerostomia was evaluated according to the criteria of Radiation Therapy and Oncology Group (RTOG) and xerostomia related questionnaire. For statistical analysis grade 1 and 2 were recorded as mild and grade 3 and 4 as severe xerostomia. The dosimetric values for absolute mean dose, biological equivalent mean dose (EQD2), the relative organ volume not exceeding 20 Gy, 25 Gy and 30 Gy (V20, V25, V30) for all 4 major salivary glands or for both parotid glands only were used for analysis. V20 revealed the best discrimination between both patient groups (with vs. without xerostomia), compared to parameters V25 and V30. Therefore the volume of the salivary glands receiving less than 20 Gy (V 20Gy) was analyzed additionally. Mann-Whitney-U-test, Kruskal-Wallis-test and logistic regression were used in statistical analysis. Results: A TD 50 can be determined for the occurrence of xerostomia more than one year after radiotherapy for both parotid glands of 19.3 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 11.2 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 38.2% for V20, 26.8% for V25, 18.7% for V30, 34.9 ml for V 20Gy. For all major salivary glands theses values were 25.7 Gy for the mean dose absolute, 15.6 Gy for the mean dose EQD2, 51.3% for V20, 41.1% for V25, 33.9% for V30 and 34.8 ml for V 20Gy. Conclusions: The identification of a tolerance dose for the salivary glands for treatment planning appears to be difficult, as the dose-response correlation only shows a flat slope. Additionally, a large interindividual variability seems to exist. We could not found any threshold dose for development of xerostomia.
文摘A culture technique had been developed by which the normal mor-phological integrity of the porcine thyroid tissue was well preserved. Few ultra-strvctural changes following TSE stimulation could be detected compared withthe control group. Parafollicular cells were detected after being cultured for 96h in the presence of TSH. For the first time, we used scanning electron micro-scope to study the ultrastructural changes of organ cultured thyroid gland.
文摘In the present paper,30 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands were treated withelectroacupuncture in different times following menstruation,showing satisfactory results.The totaleffective rate was up to 96.67％.In addition,the symptom of mastalgla abated abviously after treat-ment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270428)
文摘Programmed cel death （PCD） plays a critical role in the development of plant pigment glands, while H2O2, which is a kind of reactive oxygen species （ROS） produced by the aerobic metabolism of cels, acts as an important signal in this process. Here, we investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of accumulated H2O2 in pigment glands ofGossypium hirsutum L. with 3,3-diaminobenzidine （DAB） staining, 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrolfuorescein diacetate （DCFH2）-DA lfuorescent labeling and CeCl3 cytochemical localization techniques. The results showed that thepigment glandsofG. hirsutum could generate H2O2, and the amount and localization of H2O2 variedat different developmental stages. At the early developmental stage, a smal amount of H2O2 accumulated in the vacuole membrane of pigment gland cels. At the intermediate stage, a large number of H2O2 appeared in the vacuole membrane, while cel wals started to accumulate a smal amount of H2O2. When pigment gland cel degraded, H2O2 mainly accumulated on the chloroplast envelope membrane of inner sheath cels. With the degradation of the sheath cels, H2O2was detected in cel wal and the membrane of secretory vesicles which contains the preliminary contents of pigment gland. With the pigment glands completely maturation, H2O2 would disappeared. The accumulation sites of H2O2are consistent with the process of PCD of individual gland cels, which started from the degra-dation of intracelular membrane and ended with the degradation of cel wals. Thus H2O2 probably plays an important role in the development of pigment glands. In addition, the development of pigment glands and the generation of H2O2 are not associated with the light, and no H2O2 was detected in the secretions of pigment glands.
文摘Benign neoplasia of the duodenum are very rare. Moreover, duodenal tubulovillous adenomas are more uncommon lesions. The microscopic structure of tubulovillous adenoma has frond-like projection of mucosa with branching papillary structure and generally upward growth into the lumen. We describe a 72-year-old man who showed aduodenal tubulovillous adenoma with unusual inverted cystic growth pattern. Interestingly, this tubulovillous adenomatous lesion was interrupted by gastric metaplasia in the deep portion of the cyst and was closely surrounded by Brunner’s glands. Although histogenesis of gastric metaplasia of duodenum is not fully understood, Brunner’s glands has been suggested as a precursor for gastric metaplasia. Therefore, these findings argued that this adenoma arises from Brunner’s glands through gastric metaplasia. This is the first case of inverted cystic tubulovillous adenoma involving Brunner’s glands of duodenum with gastric metaplasia.
基金Supported by Community Cancer Fund in Spokane,Washington,United States.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC)is a rare malignancy of the head and neck;however,it accounts for a majority of the tumors of the salivary glands.This study used a national population-based registry to describe the pre-treatment and treatment-related prognostic factors that influence survival in patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.To our knowledge,this is the largest populationbased study examining predictors of both overall and cause-specific survival of MEC of the major salivary glands.AIM To identify prognostic factors influencing overall survival(OS)and cause-specific survival(CSS)of patients with MEC of the major salivary glands.METHODS We used the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End-Results Database of the National Cancer Institute to investigate a variety of factors that could influence survival of patients diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the major salivary glands.A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands during the years of 1975-2016 were studied.The primary endpoints were OS and CSS.Cox regression analysis was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical variables such as age at diagnosis,diagnosis year,sex,race,tumor size,stage,grade,treatment with or without surgical excision,and adjuvant radiotherapy treatment.RESULTS A total of 2210 patients diagnosed with MEC of the major salivary glands met inclusion criteria.In this study,95%of patients underwent surgical excision and 41%received adjuvant radiation therapy.Median OS time for Grade I,II,and III/IV was 401 mo(±48.25,95%CI),340 mo(±33.68,95%CI)and 55 mo(±11.05,95%CI),respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that lack of surgical excision was associated with decreased OS[hazard ratio(HR)4.26,P<0.0001]and that patients with localized disease had improved OS compared to both regional and distant disease(HR 3.07 and 6.96,respectively,P<0.0001).Additionally,univariate analysis demonstrated that male sex,age over 50 at diagnosis,Grade III tumors,and increasing tumor size were associated with worsened OS(P<0.0006).Univariate analysis of CSS similarly revealed that lack of surgical excision and Grade III carcinoma conferred decreased CSS(HR 4.37 and 5.44,respectively,P<0.0001).Multivariate analysis confirmed that increasing age,in 10-year age bands,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with a statistically significant decrease in OS and CSS(P<0.04).Of note,multivariate analysis revealed that the use of adjuvant radiation therapy was not associated with improved OS or CSS.CONCLUSION Multivariate analysis demonstrated increasing age,advanced tumor stage,increasing tumor size,Grade III carcinoma,male sex,and lack of surgical excision were associated with decreased OS and CSS(P<0.04).
文摘A case report presents a progression of autoimmune thyroiditis with an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid glands and increased thyreotropin hormone concentration-associated with interferon treatment in human papillomavirus infected patient with the autoimmune thyroiditis and a daily L-thyroxin hormone replacement therapy background. Observation was supplemented with a brief review of literature and discussion. On the basis of this observation and a brief review of literature authors suggested that the potential adverse effects of interferon therapy are overbalanced than its benefits for gynecological patients, therefore any interferon treatment should be recommended with strict indications as well as after screening of conditions and functions of thyroid glands and other interferon target organs to avoid interferon treatment side effects. Practitioners especially gynecologists should inform their patients about pleiotropic interferon effects and its high frequent and wide range side effects before to start such kind of treatment.
文摘The aim of this study was to contribute to strengthening the efficiency in the treatment of the salivary gland tumours in the Stomatology and Maxillo-facial surgery service at the University Hospital Centre/Yalgado OUEDRAOGO of Ouagadougou. It has been a retrospective and descriptive study covering seven (7) years [January 2006-December 2012] on epidemiology and the treatment of 54 cases of the salivary glands tumours histologically confirmed. Benign tumours (non-malignant tumours were prevalent (61.11% of cases). The annual incidences were 4.71 cases for non malignant tumours and 3 cases for malignant tumours. The average age was 34-45 years for non malignant tumours and 44-33 years for malignant ones. In both groups, the tumour was discovered lately with an average 32-48 months before consulting in case of non malignant tumours and 18-29 months for malignant tumours. The location of non malignant tumours was very often the parotid (42.42%), under mandible gland (27.28%). Malignant tumours very often concerned the parotid (76.18%) and the under mandible gland (14.29%). The histology has revealed that pleomorphic adenoma was the leading type of non-malignant tumours (93.94% of cases) whereas carcinoma was predominant in malignant tumours (80.95% of cases). Long term track keeping was difficult and it has been complicated by the loss of contact with some patients. The low living standard, the time wasted before consulting, limited human resources and therapeutic means constitute handicaps to the treatment in our African context.
文摘Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the deleterious effect of delayed specialist consultation, which in our context is multifactorial in origin.
文摘A long-term blood feeder, like the <i><span>Hyalomma</span></i><span> </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> tick, requires extended control over all hemostatic defense mechanisms generated by the host during feeding, including blood coagulation. To overcome this, ticks have evolved numerous molecules that target proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. New insights into the role of clotting factors in the development and progression of cancer have identified anticoagulant treatment as a potential therapeutic approach. In this context, the present work assessed the anticoagulation activities of crude and fractionated salivary gland extract (SGE) prepared from semi-fed </span><i><span>H</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>dromedarii</span></i><span> females. Additionally, the antitumor effects of the potent anti-thrombin fractions were determined against colon cancer (Caco-2) and normal skin (HFB4) cells. Crude SGE significantly prolonged clotting time in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) assays and inhibited thrombin in FII-activity assay. Using anion-exchange chromatography, the fractions that strongly inhibited thrombin (3.A4 and 3.A5) were eluted. Both fractions prolonged the aPTT and TT clotting times and reduced the activity of FII significantly. The protein profiles of both fractions indicated the presence of a single polypeptide band of about 99 kDa. Regarding anti-cancer potential of the tested fractions, Caco-2 cells showed reduced viability with obvious morphological changes, induced apoptosis and a reduced level of vascular endothelial </span><span>growth factor (VEGF). G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed only in 3.A5-treated</span><span> cells. No cytotoxic effects were observed in HFB4 cells. These results demonstrated the potential of tick-derived anticoagulants, specifically thrombin inhibitors, as effective tools in colorectal cancer treatment. Further purification of the effector molecule(s) is required to fully characterize their structures and mechanisms of action.</span>
