BACKGROUND Endofaster is an innovative technology that can be combined with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy(UGE)to perform gastric juice analysis and real-time detection of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).AIM To assess...BACKGROUND Endofaster is an innovative technology that can be combined with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy(UGE)to perform gastric juice analysis and real-time detection of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).AIM To assess the diagnostic performance of this technology and its impact on the management of H.pylori in the real-life clinical setting.METHODS Patients undergoing routine UGE were prospectively recruited.Biopsies were taken to assess gastric histology according to the updated Sydney system and for rapid urease test(RUT).Gastric juice sampling and analysis was performed using the Endofaster,and the diagnosis of H.pylori was based on real-time ammonium measurements.Histological detection of H.pylori served as the diagnostic gold standard for comparing Endofaster-based H.pylori diagnosis with RUT-based H.pylori detection.RESULTS A total of 198 patients were prospectively enrolled in an H.pylori diagnostic study by Endofasterbased gastric juice analysis(EGJA)during the UGE.Biopsies for RUT and histological assessment were performed on 161 patients(82 men and 79 women,mean age 54.8±19.2 years).H.pylori infection was detected by histology in 47(29.2%)patients.Overall,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value(NPV)for H.pylori diagnosis by EGJA were 91.5%,93.0%,92.6%,84.3%,and 96.4%,respectively.In patients on treatment with proton pump inhibitors,diagnostic sensitivity was reduced by 27.3%,while specificity and NPV were unaffected.EGJA and RUT were comparable in diagnostic performance and highly concordant in H.pylori detection(κ-value=0.85).CONCLUSION Endofaster allows for rapid and highly accurate detection of H.pylori during gastroscopy.This may guide taking additional biopsies for antibiotic susceptibility testing during the same procedure and then selecting an individually tailored eradication regimen.展开更多
BACKGROUND The gastric microbiota in patients with gastric cancer(GC)has received increasing attention,but the profiling of the gastric microbiome through the histological stages of gastric tumorigenesis remains poorl...BACKGROUND The gastric microbiota in patients with gastric cancer(GC)has received increasing attention,but the profiling of the gastric microbiome through the histological stages of gastric tumorigenesis remains poorly understood,especially for patients with Helicobacter pylori-negative GC(HPNGC).AIM To characterize microbial profiles of gastric mucosa and juice for HPNGC carcinogenesis and identify distinct taxa in precancerous lesions.METHODS The 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed on gastric mucosa from 134 Helicobacter pylori-negative cases,including 56 superficial gastritis(SG),9 atrophic gastritis(AG),27 intestinal metaplasia(IM),29 dysplasia(Dys),and 13 GC cases,to investigate differences in gastric microbial diversity and composition across the disease stages.In addition,paired gastric mucosa and juice samples from 18 SG,18 IM,and 18 Dys samples were analyzed.α-Diversity was measured by Shannon and Chao1 indexes,andβ-diversity was calculated using partial least squares discrimination analysis(PLS-DA).Differences in the microbial composition across disease stages in different sample types were assessed using the linear discriminant analysis effect size.RESULTS The diversity and composition of the bacterial microbiota in the gastric mucosa changed progressively across stages of gastric carcinogenesis.The diversity of the gastric mucosa microbiota was found to be significantly lower in the IM and Dys groups than in the SG group,and the patients with GC had the lowest bacterial community richness(P<0.05).Patients with IM and those with Dys had similar gastric mucosa microbiota profiles with Ralstonia and Rhodococcus as the predominant genera.Microbial network analysis showed that there was increasing correlation strength between IM and Dys(|correlation threshold|≥0.5,P<0.05).GC and its precancerous lesions have distinguishable bacterial taxa;our results identified HPNGC-associated bacteria Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae(P<0.05).Additionally,across precancerous lesion stages from AG to Dys in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients,Burkholderiaceae abundance continuously increased,while Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae abundance presented a continuous downward trend.Furthermore,the microbial diversity was higher in gastric juice(P<0.001)than in the mucosa,while PLS-DA revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups(ANOSIM,P=0.001).A significant difference in the microbial structure was identified,with Proteobacteria being more prevalent in the gastric mucosa and Firmicutes being more abundant in gastric juice.CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into potential taxonomic biomarkers for HPNGC and its precancerous stages and assist in predicting the prognosis of IM and Dys based on the mucosal microbiota profile.展开更多
AIM: To determine the efficacy of gastric juice polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of H pylori infection in comparison with histology and gastric antral biopsy PCR in patients on a proton pump inhibitor...AIM: To determine the efficacy of gastric juice polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of H pylori infection in comparison with histology and gastric antral biopsy PCR in patients on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). METHODS: Eighty-five consecutive patients with dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled. Gastric biopsies for histology, PCR and gastric juice were collected at endoscopy for PCR of the H pylori urease C gene (ure C). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio for PCR of gastric juice for the H pylori ure C gene was compared to histology and gastric antral biopsy H pylori ure C PCR in patients with and without PPI. RESULTS: Gastric juice PCR was positive in 66 (78%) patients. Histology showed H pylori associated gastritis in 57 (67%). Gastric biopsy PCR was positive in 72 (85%). In patients not taking PPI, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy and positive and negative likelihood ratio for gastric juice PCR were 89%, 72%, 91%, 67%, 90%, 85%, 3.1 and 0.1 respectively. In patients on PPI these values were 86%, 100%%, 100%, 29%, 86%, 9.5 and 1.4, respectively. CONCLUSION: Gastric juice PCR for the diagnosis of H pylori infection has increased sensitivity compared to histology with PPI. The use of gastric juice PCR is recommended to confirm H pylori status in patients taking PPIs.展开更多
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) was studied by RIA in gastric juice of patients with gastroduodenal diseases. The concentration of EGF (pg/ml) is significantly higher in gastric cancer group than in the benign group...The epidermal growth factor (EGF) was studied by RIA in gastric juice of patients with gastroduodenal diseases. The concentration of EGF (pg/ml) is significantly higher in gastric cancer group than in the benign group (51. 48±3.77, n= 30 vs 31. 62 ± 3. 11, n= 136). The value disperse extensively In gastric cancer group, but they locate mostly in lower range in the benign group. The percentage of the cases with level higher than or equal to average level of all benign cases is 46. 7% in gastric cancer group and 26. 5% in the benign group (P<0. 05). The results suggest that EGF is related to gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether study on the carcinogenic potential of reflux juice from patients with remote gastrectomy could clarify the inherent relationship between duodenal reflux and gastric stump cancer. METHODS: A ...AIM: To determine whether study on the carcinogenic potential of reflux juice from patients with remote gastrectomy could clarify the inherent relationship between duodenal reflux and gastric stump cancer. METHODS: A total of 37 reflux juice samples (13 Billroth I, 24 Billroth II) were employed in the present study. A two-stage transformation assay using BALB/c 3T3 cells was carried out to test the initiating or promoting activity of these samples. RESULTS: Two of 18 (11.1%) reflux samples exerted initiating activities, whereas 9/19 (47.4%) samples enhanced the MNNG-initiating cell transformation, suggesting the duodenal reflux juice might more frequently possess the tumor-promoter activity (P = 0.029). In addition, there was no difference in initiating activities of the samples irrespective of surgical procedures (P = 0.488), while Billroth II samples exhibited stronger tumor-promoter activity than Billroth I samples (P = 0.027). Furthermore, the promoter activities were well correlated with the histological changes of the stomas (r(s) = 0.625, P = 0.004), but neither their cytotoxicities nor initiating activities had this correlation (Probabilities were 0.523 and 0.085, respectively). CONCLUSION: The duodenal reflux juice from patients with remote postgastrectomy did have carcinogenic potential, and suggested that tumor-promoting activity should principally account for the high incidence of gastric cancer in gastrectomy patients. In contrast, it is difficult to explain the high stump-cancer incidence with the N-nitroso compounds theory-a popular theory for the intact stomach carcinogenesis, and it seemed to be justified to focus chemo-prevention of this cancer on the tumor-promoting potential of reflux juice.展开更多
Medicinal plants used in folk medicine contain a wide range of substances that can prevent and treat many diseases. The Antiulcer Activities effects of myrrh or Commiphora molmol extract (CME) were assessed in rats. I...Medicinal plants used in folk medicine contain a wide range of substances that can prevent and treat many diseases. The Antiulcer Activities effects of myrrh or Commiphora molmol extract (CME) were assessed in rats. In this experiment, thirty rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: G1) normal control (vehicle);G2) received aspirin without any treatment;G3) pretreated with Omeprazole (antiulcer drug) and groups (4), (5) and (6) were pretreated with CME at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt, respective-ly for 2 weeks. At the end of experiment the volume, pH and total acidity of gastric juices;mucus content and ulcer lengths were measured and protection percentages were calculated. Gross and histopathological examinations of stomachs were also performed. CME induced an antiulcer effect manifested by decreased volume and total acidity of gastric juice and increased mucus content and percentages of protec-tion from ulcer as well as partial amelioration of gross and histopathological lesions seen in stomach of ulcerated rats. In conclusion, the results denote that Commiphora molmol extract possess antiulcer effects in rats. These results affirm the traditional use of Myrrh extract for the treatment of gastric ulcer.展开更多
Rapid analysis of metal ions and organic compounds in strong acidic solutions is of sustainable interest in multiple disciplines.However,complicated and time-consuming pretreatments are always required for MS analysis...Rapid analysis of metal ions and organic compounds in strong acidic solutions is of sustainable interest in multiple disciplines.However,complicated and time-consuming pretreatments are always required for MS analysis of the compounds in strong acidic solutions.Otherwise,it will result in a weak signal and cause serious damage to the mass spectrometer.Herein,a simple method inherited from nano-ESI MS was developed for rapid analysis of strong acidic solutions.Nanoliter(nL)strong acidic solution was first loaded in the nano-ESI emitter,followed by evaporation to remove the H+and leave the analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter.The evaporation process can be completed within 1 min because of the extremely tiny volume(≤1 nL)of the loaded solution.Then,the dried analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter were redissolved by loading a new solvent,followed by nano-ESI MS analysis.By using this method,metal ions and organic compounds in the strong acidic solution can be detected with low sample consumption(1 nL),high speed(<2 min/sample),high sensitivity(limit of detection=0.2µg/L),and high accuracy(>90%).Proof-of-concept applications of the present method have been successfully achieved for the analysis of gastric juice(pH of the sample=1),monitoring reaction catalyzed by strong acid(pH of the system=0),and micro-area analysis of ores(pH of the extraction solvent=0),showing great application potential in multiple fields.展开更多
Objectives:The screening of traditional fermented products is essential for the assessment of safety,security,and further development of functional foods for the well-being of human health.The aim of the present study...Objectives:The screening of traditional fermented products is essential for the assessment of safety,security,and further development of functional foods for the well-being of human health.The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify bacteria from fermented raw milk samples that exhibit health benefits upon consumption.Methods:In order to confirm the isolates as probiotics,several in vitro assays were conducted to assess the probiotic properties of isolated bacteria.The initial screening includes tolerance to acid,bile,pancreatin,and NaCl.The cell surface properties demonstrate their interaction with mucosal epithelium,which includes hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation assay.Safety assessment was done by performing haemolytic test and antibiotic susceptibility test.The antagonistic activity of probiotic strain was further evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria.Results:Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)isolated from fermented raw milk was preliminarily identified by biochemical tests and further confirmed using 16S rRNA identification.The isolate designated as L.plantarum strain GCC_19M1 demonstrated significant tolerance to low pH,0.3%bile,0.5%pancreatin,and 5%NaCl.In the presence of simulated gastric juice(at pH 3),the isolate exhibited a survival rate of 93.48-96.97%.Furthermore,the development of ecological niches in the human gut and their successful accumulation have been revealed by auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity properties.Absence of haemolytic activity ensures the non-virulent nature of the strain.Lactobacillus plantarum strain GCC_19M1 showed susceptibility towards gentamicin,tetracycline,kanamycin,meropenem,and ceftriaxone and exhibited an antagonistic effect on pathogenic bacteria.Conclusion:The obtained results conveyed that L.plantarum strain GCC_19M1 has strong probiotic potential,and its presence in the fermented raw milk products may serve as a potent functional probiotic food.展开更多
基金Supported by the Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung,Partner Site Munich,Germany,No.TTU 06.715_00the Bavarian Ministry of Science and the Arts within the framework of the Bavarian Research Network“New Strategies Against Multi-Resistant Pathogens by Means of Digital Networking–bayresq.net”.
文摘BACKGROUND Endofaster is an innovative technology that can be combined with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy(UGE)to perform gastric juice analysis and real-time detection of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).AIM To assess the diagnostic performance of this technology and its impact on the management of H.pylori in the real-life clinical setting.METHODS Patients undergoing routine UGE were prospectively recruited.Biopsies were taken to assess gastric histology according to the updated Sydney system and for rapid urease test(RUT).Gastric juice sampling and analysis was performed using the Endofaster,and the diagnosis of H.pylori was based on real-time ammonium measurements.Histological detection of H.pylori served as the diagnostic gold standard for comparing Endofaster-based H.pylori diagnosis with RUT-based H.pylori detection.RESULTS A total of 198 patients were prospectively enrolled in an H.pylori diagnostic study by Endofasterbased gastric juice analysis(EGJA)during the UGE.Biopsies for RUT and histological assessment were performed on 161 patients(82 men and 79 women,mean age 54.8±19.2 years).H.pylori infection was detected by histology in 47(29.2%)patients.Overall,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value(NPV)for H.pylori diagnosis by EGJA were 91.5%,93.0%,92.6%,84.3%,and 96.4%,respectively.In patients on treatment with proton pump inhibitors,diagnostic sensitivity was reduced by 27.3%,while specificity and NPV were unaffected.EGJA and RUT were comparable in diagnostic performance and highly concordant in H.pylori detection(κ-value=0.85).CONCLUSION Endofaster allows for rapid and highly accurate detection of H.pylori during gastroscopy.This may guide taking additional biopsies for antibiotic susceptibility testing during the same procedure and then selecting an individually tailored eradication regimen.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81700496,and No.81870386Peking University Medicine Fund of Fostering Young Scholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation,No.BMU2021PY002and Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases,Beijing Key Laboratory,No.BZ0371.
文摘BACKGROUND The gastric microbiota in patients with gastric cancer(GC)has received increasing attention,but the profiling of the gastric microbiome through the histological stages of gastric tumorigenesis remains poorly understood,especially for patients with Helicobacter pylori-negative GC(HPNGC).AIM To characterize microbial profiles of gastric mucosa and juice for HPNGC carcinogenesis and identify distinct taxa in precancerous lesions.METHODS The 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed on gastric mucosa from 134 Helicobacter pylori-negative cases,including 56 superficial gastritis(SG),9 atrophic gastritis(AG),27 intestinal metaplasia(IM),29 dysplasia(Dys),and 13 GC cases,to investigate differences in gastric microbial diversity and composition across the disease stages.In addition,paired gastric mucosa and juice samples from 18 SG,18 IM,and 18 Dys samples were analyzed.α-Diversity was measured by Shannon and Chao1 indexes,andβ-diversity was calculated using partial least squares discrimination analysis(PLS-DA).Differences in the microbial composition across disease stages in different sample types were assessed using the linear discriminant analysis effect size.RESULTS The diversity and composition of the bacterial microbiota in the gastric mucosa changed progressively across stages of gastric carcinogenesis.The diversity of the gastric mucosa microbiota was found to be significantly lower in the IM and Dys groups than in the SG group,and the patients with GC had the lowest bacterial community richness(P<0.05).Patients with IM and those with Dys had similar gastric mucosa microbiota profiles with Ralstonia and Rhodococcus as the predominant genera.Microbial network analysis showed that there was increasing correlation strength between IM and Dys(|correlation threshold|≥0.5,P<0.05).GC and its precancerous lesions have distinguishable bacterial taxa;our results identified HPNGC-associated bacteria Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae(P<0.05).Additionally,across precancerous lesion stages from AG to Dys in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients,Burkholderiaceae abundance continuously increased,while Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae abundance presented a continuous downward trend.Furthermore,the microbial diversity was higher in gastric juice(P<0.001)than in the mucosa,while PLS-DA revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups(ANOSIM,P=0.001).A significant difference in the microbial structure was identified,with Proteobacteria being more prevalent in the gastric mucosa and Firmicutes being more abundant in gastric juice.CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into potential taxonomic biomarkers for HPNGC and its precancerous stages and assist in predicting the prognosis of IM and Dys based on the mucosal microbiota profile.
基金The research grants from Aga Khan University Research Committee to JY and SR
文摘AIM: To determine the efficacy of gastric juice polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of H pylori infection in comparison with histology and gastric antral biopsy PCR in patients on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). METHODS: Eighty-five consecutive patients with dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled. Gastric biopsies for histology, PCR and gastric juice were collected at endoscopy for PCR of the H pylori urease C gene (ure C). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio for PCR of gastric juice for the H pylori ure C gene was compared to histology and gastric antral biopsy H pylori ure C PCR in patients with and without PPI. RESULTS: Gastric juice PCR was positive in 66 (78%) patients. Histology showed H pylori associated gastritis in 57 (67%). Gastric biopsy PCR was positive in 72 (85%). In patients not taking PPI, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy and positive and negative likelihood ratio for gastric juice PCR were 89%, 72%, 91%, 67%, 90%, 85%, 3.1 and 0.1 respectively. In patients on PPI these values were 86%, 100%%, 100%, 29%, 86%, 9.5 and 1.4, respectively. CONCLUSION: Gastric juice PCR for the diagnosis of H pylori infection has increased sensitivity compared to histology with PPI. The use of gastric juice PCR is recommended to confirm H pylori status in patients taking PPIs.
文摘The epidermal growth factor (EGF) was studied by RIA in gastric juice of patients with gastroduodenal diseases. The concentration of EGF (pg/ml) is significantly higher in gastric cancer group than in the benign group (51. 48±3.77, n= 30 vs 31. 62 ± 3. 11, n= 136). The value disperse extensively In gastric cancer group, but they locate mostly in lower range in the benign group. The percentage of the cases with level higher than or equal to average level of all benign cases is 46. 7% in gastric cancer group and 26. 5% in the benign group (P<0. 05). The results suggest that EGF is related to gastric cancer.
文摘AIM: To determine whether study on the carcinogenic potential of reflux juice from patients with remote gastrectomy could clarify the inherent relationship between duodenal reflux and gastric stump cancer. METHODS: A total of 37 reflux juice samples (13 Billroth I, 24 Billroth II) were employed in the present study. A two-stage transformation assay using BALB/c 3T3 cells was carried out to test the initiating or promoting activity of these samples. RESULTS: Two of 18 (11.1%) reflux samples exerted initiating activities, whereas 9/19 (47.4%) samples enhanced the MNNG-initiating cell transformation, suggesting the duodenal reflux juice might more frequently possess the tumor-promoter activity (P = 0.029). In addition, there was no difference in initiating activities of the samples irrespective of surgical procedures (P = 0.488), while Billroth II samples exhibited stronger tumor-promoter activity than Billroth I samples (P = 0.027). Furthermore, the promoter activities were well correlated with the histological changes of the stomas (r(s) = 0.625, P = 0.004), but neither their cytotoxicities nor initiating activities had this correlation (Probabilities were 0.523 and 0.085, respectively). CONCLUSION: The duodenal reflux juice from patients with remote postgastrectomy did have carcinogenic potential, and suggested that tumor-promoting activity should principally account for the high incidence of gastric cancer in gastrectomy patients. In contrast, it is difficult to explain the high stump-cancer incidence with the N-nitroso compounds theory-a popular theory for the intact stomach carcinogenesis, and it seemed to be justified to focus chemo-prevention of this cancer on the tumor-promoting potential of reflux juice.
文摘Medicinal plants used in folk medicine contain a wide range of substances that can prevent and treat many diseases. The Antiulcer Activities effects of myrrh or Commiphora molmol extract (CME) were assessed in rats. In this experiment, thirty rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: G1) normal control (vehicle);G2) received aspirin without any treatment;G3) pretreated with Omeprazole (antiulcer drug) and groups (4), (5) and (6) were pretreated with CME at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt, respective-ly for 2 weeks. At the end of experiment the volume, pH and total acidity of gastric juices;mucus content and ulcer lengths were measured and protection percentages were calculated. Gross and histopathological examinations of stomachs were also performed. CME induced an antiulcer effect manifested by decreased volume and total acidity of gastric juice and increased mucus content and percentages of protec-tion from ulcer as well as partial amelioration of gross and histopathological lesions seen in stomach of ulcerated rats. In conclusion, the results denote that Commiphora molmol extract possess antiulcer effects in rats. These results affirm the traditional use of Myrrh extract for the treatment of gastric ulcer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21864001,21727812 and 21765001)the Ph.D.Start-up Foundation of East China University of Technology(No.DHBK2020001).
文摘Rapid analysis of metal ions and organic compounds in strong acidic solutions is of sustainable interest in multiple disciplines.However,complicated and time-consuming pretreatments are always required for MS analysis of the compounds in strong acidic solutions.Otherwise,it will result in a weak signal and cause serious damage to the mass spectrometer.Herein,a simple method inherited from nano-ESI MS was developed for rapid analysis of strong acidic solutions.Nanoliter(nL)strong acidic solution was first loaded in the nano-ESI emitter,followed by evaporation to remove the H+and leave the analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter.The evaporation process can be completed within 1 min because of the extremely tiny volume(≤1 nL)of the loaded solution.Then,the dried analytes on the wall of the nano-ESI emitter were redissolved by loading a new solvent,followed by nano-ESI MS analysis.By using this method,metal ions and organic compounds in the strong acidic solution can be detected with low sample consumption(1 nL),high speed(<2 min/sample),high sensitivity(limit of detection=0.2µg/L),and high accuracy(>90%).Proof-of-concept applications of the present method have been successfully achieved for the analysis of gastric juice(pH of the sample=1),monitoring reaction catalyzed by strong acid(pH of the system=0),and micro-area analysis of ores(pH of the extraction solvent=0),showing great application potential in multiple fields.
文摘Objectives:The screening of traditional fermented products is essential for the assessment of safety,security,and further development of functional foods for the well-being of human health.The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify bacteria from fermented raw milk samples that exhibit health benefits upon consumption.Methods:In order to confirm the isolates as probiotics,several in vitro assays were conducted to assess the probiotic properties of isolated bacteria.The initial screening includes tolerance to acid,bile,pancreatin,and NaCl.The cell surface properties demonstrate their interaction with mucosal epithelium,which includes hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation assay.Safety assessment was done by performing haemolytic test and antibiotic susceptibility test.The antagonistic activity of probiotic strain was further evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria.Results:Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)isolated from fermented raw milk was preliminarily identified by biochemical tests and further confirmed using 16S rRNA identification.The isolate designated as L.plantarum strain GCC_19M1 demonstrated significant tolerance to low pH,0.3%bile,0.5%pancreatin,and 5%NaCl.In the presence of simulated gastric juice(at pH 3),the isolate exhibited a survival rate of 93.48-96.97%.Furthermore,the development of ecological niches in the human gut and their successful accumulation have been revealed by auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity properties.Absence of haemolytic activity ensures the non-virulent nature of the strain.Lactobacillus plantarum strain GCC_19M1 showed susceptibility towards gentamicin,tetracycline,kanamycin,meropenem,and ceftriaxone and exhibited an antagonistic effect on pathogenic bacteria.Conclusion:The obtained results conveyed that L.plantarum strain GCC_19M1 has strong probiotic potential,and its presence in the fermented raw milk products may serve as a potent functional probiotic food.
