Pingxiang-dominant genic male sterile rice （PDGMSR） was the first dominant genic male sterile mutant identified in rice （Oryza sativa L.）, and the corresponding dominant genic male sterile gene was designated as M...Pingxiang-dominant genic male sterile rice （PDGMSR） was the first dominant genic male sterile mutant identified in rice （Oryza sativa L.）, and the corresponding dominant genic male sterile gene was designated as Ms-p. The fertility of PDGMSR can be restored by introduction of a dominant epistatic fertility restoring gene in some rice varieties. In the present study, E823, an indica inbred rice variety, restored the fertility of PDGMSR, and the genetic pattern was found to be consistent with a dominant epistatic model, therefore, the dominant epistatic fertility restorer gene was designated as Rfe. The F2 population from the cross of PDGMSR/E823 was developed to map gene Rfe. The F2 plants with the genotypes Ms-pMs-pRferfe or Ms-pms-pRferfe were used to construct a fertile pool, and the corresponding sterile plants with genotypes Ms-pMs-prferfe or Ms-pms-prferfe were used to con- struct a sterile pool. The fertility restoring gene Rfe was mapped to one side of the microsatellite markers RM311 and RM3152 on rice chromosome 10, with genetic distances of 7.9 cM and 3.6 cM, respectively. The microsatellite markers around the location of the Ms-p gene were used to finely map the Ms-p gene. The findings of this study indicated that the microsatellite markers RM171 and RM6745 flanked the Ms-p gene, and the distances were 0.3 cM and 3.0 cM, respectively. On the basis of the sequence of rice chromosome 10, the physical distance between the two markers is approximately 730 kb. These findings facilitates molecular marker-assisted selection （MAS） of genes Ms-p and Rfe in rice breeding programs, and cloning them in the future.展开更多
Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuha...Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 an...[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 and the mutant FHS with special fertility that was isolated from their offspring. Some characteristics such as flowering habit and stigma exsertion rate of FHS were observed in this experiment. [Result] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had an obvious peak flowering stage from 10:00 to 10:30, while the second peak flowering was from August 5 to August 10. Compared with PA64S, FHS flowered early and its flowering time was concentrated, showing that it is for seed propagation. The stigma exsertion rate of FHS was 85.8% and low exsertion rate was good for the purity of seed. [Conclusion] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had good value in use, besides, it could also be used as comparison material for studying fertility alternation mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.展开更多
[ Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4- 2 in Brassica napus. [ Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphis...[ Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4- 2 in Brassica napus. [ Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphisms in SSR markers, between the genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were investigated by hybridization and molecular identification; and the percentage of sterile individuals of Mian 7AB-4-2 and of the hybrids with its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 from test cross and back cross were also studled. [ Result] Mian 7AB-4-2 was not significantly different in agronomic traits from its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 at 0.05 probability level. The per- centages of sterile individuals in the pollinated fertile Mian 7AB-4-2 plants were over 60%, and that in its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 was about 25%. In test crosses with other nine sterile lines, Mian 7AB-4-1 kept the percentage of sterile individuals of sterile lines over 90%, and the percentage of sterile individuals from back cross over 80%. With regard to molecular markers, Mian 7AB-4-2 and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were different in the band number from SSR primers a2 and E10. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that Mian 7AB-4-2 is helpful for rapeseed breeding, quickening the application of new materials in field breeding.展开更多
To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ ...To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 55% for different years were used as the materials to study the properties of seed vigor,growth and development in the field, etc. The re- sults showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of rice PTGMS lines seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged,and all of the germination rates of the seeds within five years were over 60%. The conductivity in the soaked solution of seeds was significantly increased with the prolonged low temperature storage time. Seedling rate,root length,white root number,base stem width and seedling dry weight of seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged. There was no significant difference between two integral seedling qualities of seeds within 4-6 years in low temperature storage. Compared with the germination rate of low temperature storage seeds soaking for 6,12 and 24 h,the appropriate soak time of long time low temperature storage or low vigor seeds was 12 h. A serious natural aging phenomenon occurred in low temperature storage seeds after out of the storage. The germination rate of seeds placed under natural condition for 50 d decreased obviously. The duration from seeding to heading of Zhun S,Y58S and Feng S shortened as the time of low temperature storage prolonged, while the vari- ation of panicle duration of all PTGMS lines was not obvious. In conclusion, rice PTGMS line seeds with low temperature storage in 5 years could still be used nor- mally. However.seeds after low temperature storage should be sowed as soon as possible, and the soaking time of low vigor seeds should be shortened,and the possibility that the decreased duration from seeding to heading should also be con- sidered.展开更多
Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile（TPSGMS） line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigat...Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile（TPSGMS） line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigate the inheritance of stigma exertion. K239 S and K92 S are TPSGMS lines with higher and lower stigma exertion rates（SER）, respectively. The SERs of parents, reciprocal crosses and the DH population were evaluated for two consecutive years. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in SER between F1 s of K239S/K92 S and K92S/K239 S,implying that stigma exertion was a trait controlled by nuclear gene（s）. In the DH population, the segregation of low and high SERs fitted to a ratio of 3 ∶1 by Chisquare test, suggesting that the stigma exertion of K239 S was controlled by one pair of recessive genes. In addition, the effects of temperature and humidity on the expression of stigma exertion were also discussed.展开更多
Yannong S, a reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） line, is sterile at high temperature and fertile at low temperature. In the present study, the fertility of Yannong S and the japonica reverse TGMS lin...Yannong S, a reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） line, is sterile at high temperature and fertile at low temperature. In the present study, the fertility of Yannong S and the japonica reverse TGMS lines derived from it was in- vestigated in Harbin, Heilongjiang from 2013 to 2015. The results showed that Yan- nong S was completely male sterile in July and August （the hottest months of the year in Harbin）, and the seed setting rate of bagged panicles was 0. We also in- ferred that the critical temperature for inducing the sterility of Yannong S was higher than 28 ℃. Most of the japonica reverse TGMS lines derived from Yannong S were completely aborted in July and August, with a seed setting rate of 0. It can be con- cluded that the reverse TGMS lines derived from Yannong S are genetically stable lines that have a long period of sterility in cold regions, so they may be the ideal genetic materials for the development and in-situ seed production of japonica hybrid rice.展开更多
Xinan 112 is the hybrid combination（11S12） by wheat recessive genic male sterility line 2011Z1 （08L5070） and restoring line K152-2, particpating in the regional test of 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and production test of ...Xinan 112 is the hybrid combination（11S12） by wheat recessive genic male sterility line 2011Z1 （08L5070） and restoring line K152-2, particpating in the regional test of 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and production test of 2013-2014 in Chongqing. The results showed that 3 years average yield was 4 167.5 kg/hm2, which was increased 10.5% compared with CK Yumai 7, 1 000-grain weight was 45.8 g, which was 1.7 g heavier than the control; grain number per ear was 39.3, more than 1.6 grains compared with CK. The results of 2 years quality determination were： bulk density of 811 g/L, falling number of 353 s, crude protein of 15.15%, wet gluten of 31.2%, water adsorption of 62.9 ml/100 g, formation time of 5.5 min, stable time of 6.5 min, softening degree of 90 F.U., and powder quality coefficient of 96 mm. Therefore, Xinan 112 is a high yield and high protein gluten wheat variety and is suitable for cultivated in Chongqing and climate contion similar areas.展开更多
To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui ...To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui 527, Mianhui 725, Fuhui 838 and Yixiang 1B. Genetic analysis results suggested that the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） of Mian 9S was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Thus, the F2 population derived from the cross of Yangdao 6/Mian 9S was used to map the PGMS gene in Mian 9S. By using SSR markers, the PGMS gene of Mian 9S was mapped on one side of the markers, RM6659 and RM1305, on rice chromosome 4, with the genetic distances of 3.0 cM and 3.5 cM, respectively. The gene was a novel PGMS gene and designated tentatively as pms4. In addition, the application of the pms4 gene was discussed.展开更多
Genic male sterility(GMS) is one of the most important resources for exploiting heterosis in crop breeding, so that identifying genomic loci regulating GMS is desirable. However, many regulatory genes controlling GMS ...Genic male sterility(GMS) is one of the most important resources for exploiting heterosis in crop breeding, so that identifying genomic loci regulating GMS is desirable. However, many regulatory genes controlling GMS have not yet been characterized in maize, owing partly to a lack of genetic materials. We generated a recessive male-sterile maize mutant in the Jing 724 genetic background via ethyl methanesulfonate treatment, and found the male sterility to be due to a single gene mutation. Bulk-segregant RNA sequencing of three replicates indicated that one genomic region located at the end of chromosome 4 was associated with the observed mutant phenotype. Among genes with nonsynonymous mutations,Zm00001 d053895(bHLH51) showed abolished expression in the sterile bulks and was annotated as a bHLH transcription factor orthologous to Arabidopsis AMS, suggesting an association with the male sterility of the mutant. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR assays further validated the exclusive correlation of male sterility with the single C-to-T mutation in the fifth exon. The new maize mutant and the potential SNP locus provide novel genetic material for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying tapetal development and may facilitate the improvement of hybrid production systems.展开更多
The discovery of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(TGMS) has led to development of a simple and highly efficient two-line breeding system. In this study, genetic analysis was conducted using three F_2 populations ...The discovery of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(TGMS) has led to development of a simple and highly efficient two-line breeding system. In this study, genetic analysis was conducted using three F_2 populations derived from crosses between IR68301 S, an indica TGMS rice line, and IR14632(tropical japonica), Supanburi 91062(indica) and IR67966-188-2-2-1(tropical japonica), respectively.Approximately 1:3 ratio between sterile and normal pollen of F_2 plants from the three populations revealed that TGMS is controlled by a single recessive gene. Bulked segregant analysis using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and insertion-deletion(InDel) markers were used to identify markers linked to the tms gene. The linkage analysis based on the three populations indicated that the tms locus was located on chromosome 2 covering the same area. Using IR68301S × IR14632 F_2 population, the results showed that the tms locus was located between SSR marker RM12676 and InDel marker 2gAP0050058. The genetic distance from the tms gene to these two flanking markers were 1.10 and 0.82 cM, respectively.InDel marker 2gAP004045 located between these two markers showed complete co-segregation with the TGMS phenotype. In addition, InDel marker vf0206114052 showed 2.94 cM linked to the tms gene using F_2 populations of IR68301S × Supanburi 91062. These markers are useful tool for developing new TGMS lines by marker-assisted selection. There were ten genes located between the two flanking markers RM12676 and 2gAP0050058. Using quantitative real-time PCR for expression analysis, 7 of the 10 genes showed expression in panicles, and response to temperatures. These genes could be the candidate gene controlling TGMS in IR68301S.展开更多
Plant temperature （Tp） and its relations to the microclimate of rice colony and irrigation water were studied using a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line, Pei＇ai 64S. Significant differences in t...Plant temperature （Tp） and its relations to the microclimate of rice colony and irrigation water were studied using a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line, Pei＇ai 64S. Significant differences in the daily change of temperature were detected between Tp and air temperature at the height of 150 cm （TA）. From 8：00 to 20：00, Tp was lower than TA, but they were similar during 21：00 to next 7：00. The maximum Tp occurred one hour earlier than the maximum TA, though they both reached the minimum at 6：00. Tp fluctuated less than TA. At the same height, during 6：00-13：00, Tp was higher than air temperature （Ta）, and Tp reached the maximum one hour earlier than Ta. During the rest time on sunny day, Tp was close to or even a little lower than Ta. On overcast day, Tp was higher than Ta in the whole day, and both maximized at the same time. In addition, Tp was regulated by solar radiation, cloudage and wind speed in daytime, and by irrigation water at night. The present study indicated that a TA of 29.6℃ was the critical point, at which Tp was increased or decreased by irrigation water. Tp and the difference between water and air temperatures showed a conic relation. Tp fluctuation was also regulated by the absorption or reflection of solar radiation by leaves during daytime and release of heat energy during nighttime. By analysis on correlation and regression simulation, two models of Tp were established.展开更多
To understand the male sterility mechanism of photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile [P（T）GMS] lines in rice, the research progress on genetics of photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive genic male sterili...To understand the male sterility mechanism of photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile [P（T）GMS] lines in rice, the research progress on genetics of photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive genic male sterility in rice was reviewed. A new idea was proposed to explain the sterility mechanism of P（T）GMS rice. The fertility transition from sterile to fertile is the result of cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes with photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive genes, but not the so-called pgms gene in P（T）GMS rice. The minor-effect genes, which exhibit accumulative effect on sterility, are the important factors for the critical temperature of sterility transition. The more minor-effect genes the sterile line holds, the lower the critical temperature of sterility transition is. The critical temperature of sterility transition will be invariable if all the minor-effect genes are homozygous. The strategies for breeding P（T）GMS rice were also proposed. The selective indices of critical photoperiod and temperature for sterility transition should be set according to varietal type and ecological region. Imposing selection pressure is a key technology for breeding P（T）GMS rice with lower critical temperature for sterility, and improving the comprehensive performance of the whole traits and combining ability is vital for breeding P（T）GMS rice lines.展开更多
Previous study indicated that the thermo-sensitive genic malesterile(TGMS) gene in rice was regulated by temperature.TGMS rice plays an important role in hybrid rice production,because the application of the TGMS syst...Previous study indicated that the thermo-sensitive genic malesterile(TGMS) gene in rice was regulated by temperature.TGMS rice plays an important role in hybrid rice production,because the application of the TGMS system in two-line breeding is laborsaving,timesaving,simple,inexpensive,efficient,and eliminating the limitations of the cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) system.'AnnongS' is the first discovered and deeply studied TGMS rice lines in China.'AnnongS-1' and 'Y58S',two derivatives of TGMS line AnnongS,were both controlled by a single recessive gene named tms5,which was genetically mapped on chromosome 2.In this study,three populations('AnnongS-1' × 'Nanjing11','Y58S' × 'Q611',and 'Y58S' × 'Guanghui122') were developed and used for the molecular fine mapping of the tms5 gene.By analyzing recombination events in the sterile individuals using a total of 125 probes covering the tms5 region,the tms5 gene was physically mapped to a 19-kb DNA fragment between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,which were located on the BAC clone AP004039.After the construction of the physical map between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,a member(ONAC023) of the NAC(NAM-ATAF-CUC-related) gene family was identified as the candidate gene of the tms5 gene.展开更多
Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatur...Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.展开更多
基金Innovation Group Development Project of the Ministry of Education of China (No.IRT0435)Superexcellence Doctorial Dissertation Fund from Ministry of Education of China (No.200054).
文摘Pingxiang-dominant genic male sterile rice （PDGMSR） was the first dominant genic male sterile mutant identified in rice （Oryza sativa L.）, and the corresponding dominant genic male sterile gene was designated as Ms-p. The fertility of PDGMSR can be restored by introduction of a dominant epistatic fertility restoring gene in some rice varieties. In the present study, E823, an indica inbred rice variety, restored the fertility of PDGMSR, and the genetic pattern was found to be consistent with a dominant epistatic model, therefore, the dominant epistatic fertility restorer gene was designated as Rfe. The F2 population from the cross of PDGMSR/E823 was developed to map gene Rfe. The F2 plants with the genotypes Ms-pMs-pRferfe or Ms-pms-pRferfe were used to construct a fertile pool, and the corresponding sterile plants with genotypes Ms-pMs-prferfe or Ms-pms-prferfe were used to con- struct a sterile pool. The fertility restoring gene Rfe was mapped to one side of the microsatellite markers RM311 and RM3152 on rice chromosome 10, with genetic distances of 7.9 cM and 3.6 cM, respectively. The microsatellite markers around the location of the Ms-p gene were used to finely map the Ms-p gene. The findings of this study indicated that the microsatellite markers RM171 and RM6745 flanked the Ms-p gene, and the distances were 0.3 cM and 3.0 cM, respectively. On the basis of the sequence of rice chromosome 10, the physical distance between the two markers is approximately 730 kb. These findings facilitates molecular marker-assisted selection （MAS） of genes Ms-p and Rfe in rice breeding programs, and cloning them in the future.
文摘Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.
文摘[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 and the mutant FHS with special fertility that was isolated from their offspring. Some characteristics such as flowering habit and stigma exsertion rate of FHS were observed in this experiment. [Result] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had an obvious peak flowering stage from 10:00 to 10:30, while the second peak flowering was from August 5 to August 10. Compared with PA64S, FHS flowered early and its flowering time was concentrated, showing that it is for seed propagation. The stigma exsertion rate of FHS was 85.8% and low exsertion rate was good for the purity of seed. [Conclusion] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had good value in use, besides, it could also be used as comparison material for studying fertility alternation mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.
基金Supported by National High-tech R&D Program of China(2001AA241104, 2004AA241104)Key Breeding Project of Sichuan Province (200107001-1-6-1, 2006YZGG-5)Key Quality Project of Sichuan Province(2006YZGG-23)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4- 2 in Brassica napus. [ Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphisms in SSR markers, between the genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were investigated by hybridization and molecular identification; and the percentage of sterile individuals of Mian 7AB-4-2 and of the hybrids with its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 from test cross and back cross were also studled. [ Result] Mian 7AB-4-2 was not significantly different in agronomic traits from its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 at 0.05 probability level. The per- centages of sterile individuals in the pollinated fertile Mian 7AB-4-2 plants were over 60%, and that in its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 was about 25%. In test crosses with other nine sterile lines, Mian 7AB-4-1 kept the percentage of sterile individuals of sterile lines over 90%, and the percentage of sterile individuals from back cross over 80%. With regard to molecular markers, Mian 7AB-4-2 and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were different in the band number from SSR primers a2 and E10. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that Mian 7AB-4-2 is helpful for rapeseed breeding, quickening the application of new materials in field breeding.
文摘To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 55% for different years were used as the materials to study the properties of seed vigor,growth and development in the field, etc. The re- sults showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of rice PTGMS lines seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged,and all of the germination rates of the seeds within five years were over 60%. The conductivity in the soaked solution of seeds was significantly increased with the prolonged low temperature storage time. Seedling rate,root length,white root number,base stem width and seedling dry weight of seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged. There was no significant difference between two integral seedling qualities of seeds within 4-6 years in low temperature storage. Compared with the germination rate of low temperature storage seeds soaking for 6,12 and 24 h,the appropriate soak time of long time low temperature storage or low vigor seeds was 12 h. A serious natural aging phenomenon occurred in low temperature storage seeds after out of the storage. The germination rate of seeds placed under natural condition for 50 d decreased obviously. The duration from seeding to heading of Zhun S,Y58S and Feng S shortened as the time of low temperature storage prolonged, while the vari- ation of panicle duration of all PTGMS lines was not obvious. In conclusion, rice PTGMS line seeds with low temperature storage in 5 years could still be used nor- mally. However.seeds after low temperature storage should be sowed as soon as possible, and the soaking time of low vigor seeds should be shortened,and the possibility that the decreased duration from seeding to heading should also be con- sidered.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province(2010CD096)National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2011AA10A106)Key New Products Development Program of Department of Science and Technology,Yunnan Province(2012BB015)~~
文摘Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile（TPSGMS） line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigate the inheritance of stigma exertion. K239 S and K92 S are TPSGMS lines with higher and lower stigma exertion rates（SER）, respectively. The SERs of parents, reciprocal crosses and the DH population were evaluated for two consecutive years. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in SER between F1 s of K239S/K92 S and K92S/K239 S,implying that stigma exertion was a trait controlled by nuclear gene（s）. In the DH population, the segregation of low and high SERs fitted to a ratio of 3 ∶1 by Chisquare test, suggesting that the stigma exertion of K239 S was controlled by one pair of recessive genes. In addition, the effects of temperature and humidity on the expression of stigma exertion were also discussed.
基金Supported by the Open-end Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice(2014KF05)the Scientific Research Program of Heilongjiang Farms and Land Reclamation Administration+1 种基金National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2014BAD01B03-02-05)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201403002-2-3)~~
文摘Yannong S, a reverse thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） line, is sterile at high temperature and fertile at low temperature. In the present study, the fertility of Yannong S and the japonica reverse TGMS lines derived from it was in- vestigated in Harbin, Heilongjiang from 2013 to 2015. The results showed that Yan- nong S was completely male sterile in July and August （the hottest months of the year in Harbin）, and the seed setting rate of bagged panicles was 0. We also in- ferred that the critical temperature for inducing the sterility of Yannong S was higher than 28 ℃. Most of the japonica reverse TGMS lines derived from Yannong S were completely aborted in July and August, with a seed setting rate of 0. It can be con- cluded that the reverse TGMS lines derived from Yannong S are genetically stable lines that have a long period of sterility in cold regions, so they may be the ideal genetic materials for the development and in-situ seed production of japonica hybrid rice.
基金Supported by the Major Project for Application in Chongqing(cstc2013yylf B80012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2016A020)~~
文摘Xinan 112 is the hybrid combination（11S12） by wheat recessive genic male sterility line 2011Z1 （08L5070） and restoring line K152-2, particpating in the regional test of 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and production test of 2013-2014 in Chongqing. The results showed that 3 years average yield was 4 167.5 kg/hm2, which was increased 10.5% compared with CK Yumai 7, 1 000-grain weight was 45.8 g, which was 1.7 g heavier than the control; grain number per ear was 39.3, more than 1.6 grains compared with CK. The results of 2 years quality determination were： bulk density of 811 g/L, falling number of 353 s, crude protein of 15.15%, wet gluten of 31.2%, water adsorption of 62.9 ml/100 g, formation time of 5.5 min, stable time of 6.5 min, softening degree of 90 F.U., and powder quality coefficient of 96 mm. Therefore, Xinan 112 is a high yield and high protein gluten wheat variety and is suitable for cultivated in Chongqing and climate contion similar areas.
基金the Crop Breeding Program of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2006YZGG01)Pre-grant from Youth Science & Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 07ZQ026-126)
文摘To understand the genetic characteristics of a new photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile line Mian 9S, some reciprocal crosses were made between Mian 9S and six indica rice materials, Yangdao 6, Luhui 602, Shuihui 527, Mianhui 725, Fuhui 838 and Yixiang 1B. Genetic analysis results suggested that the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） of Mian 9S was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Thus, the F2 population derived from the cross of Yangdao 6/Mian 9S was used to map the PGMS gene in Mian 9S. By using SSR markers, the PGMS gene of Mian 9S was mapped on one side of the markers, RM6659 and RM1305, on rice chromosome 4, with the genetic distances of 3.0 cM and 3.5 cM, respectively. The gene was a novel PGMS gene and designated tentatively as pms4. In addition, the application of the pms4 gene was discussed.
基金the project funding supported by the Beijing Nova Program(Z171100001117033)the Beijing Scholars Program(BSP041)the Youth Research Fund of BAAFS(QNJJ201931)。
文摘Genic male sterility(GMS) is one of the most important resources for exploiting heterosis in crop breeding, so that identifying genomic loci regulating GMS is desirable. However, many regulatory genes controlling GMS have not yet been characterized in maize, owing partly to a lack of genetic materials. We generated a recessive male-sterile maize mutant in the Jing 724 genetic background via ethyl methanesulfonate treatment, and found the male sterility to be due to a single gene mutation. Bulk-segregant RNA sequencing of three replicates indicated that one genomic region located at the end of chromosome 4 was associated with the observed mutant phenotype. Among genes with nonsynonymous mutations,Zm00001 d053895(bHLH51) showed abolished expression in the sterile bulks and was annotated as a bHLH transcription factor orthologous to Arabidopsis AMS, suggesting an association with the male sterility of the mutant. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR assays further validated the exclusive correlation of male sterility with the single C-to-T mutation in the fifth exon. The new maize mutant and the potential SNP locus provide novel genetic material for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying tapetal development and may facilitate the improvement of hybrid production systems.
基金supported by Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDOCHE)Agricultural Research Development Agency (ARDA)National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand
文摘The discovery of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(TGMS) has led to development of a simple and highly efficient two-line breeding system. In this study, genetic analysis was conducted using three F_2 populations derived from crosses between IR68301 S, an indica TGMS rice line, and IR14632(tropical japonica), Supanburi 91062(indica) and IR67966-188-2-2-1(tropical japonica), respectively.Approximately 1:3 ratio between sterile and normal pollen of F_2 plants from the three populations revealed that TGMS is controlled by a single recessive gene. Bulked segregant analysis using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and insertion-deletion(InDel) markers were used to identify markers linked to the tms gene. The linkage analysis based on the three populations indicated that the tms locus was located on chromosome 2 covering the same area. Using IR68301S × IR14632 F_2 population, the results showed that the tms locus was located between SSR marker RM12676 and InDel marker 2gAP0050058. The genetic distance from the tms gene to these two flanking markers were 1.10 and 0.82 cM, respectively.InDel marker 2gAP004045 located between these two markers showed complete co-segregation with the TGMS phenotype. In addition, InDel marker vf0206114052 showed 2.94 cM linked to the tms gene using F_2 populations of IR68301S × Supanburi 91062. These markers are useful tool for developing new TGMS lines by marker-assisted selection. There were ten genes located between the two flanking markers RM12676 and 2gAP0050058. Using quantitative real-time PCR for expression analysis, 7 of the 10 genes showed expression in panicles, and response to temperatures. These genes could be the candidate gene controlling TGMS in IR68301S.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30370830)
文摘Plant temperature （Tp） and its relations to the microclimate of rice colony and irrigation water were studied using a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line, Pei＇ai 64S. Significant differences in the daily change of temperature were detected between Tp and air temperature at the height of 150 cm （TA）. From 8：00 to 20：00, Tp was lower than TA, but they were similar during 21：00 to next 7：00. The maximum Tp occurred one hour earlier than the maximum TA, though they both reached the minimum at 6：00. Tp fluctuated less than TA. At the same height, during 6：00-13：00, Tp was higher than air temperature （Ta）, and Tp reached the maximum one hour earlier than Ta. During the rest time on sunny day, Tp was close to or even a little lower than Ta. On overcast day, Tp was higher than Ta in the whole day, and both maximized at the same time. In addition, Tp was regulated by solar radiation, cloudage and wind speed in daytime, and by irrigation water at night. The present study indicated that a TA of 29.6℃ was the critical point, at which Tp was increased or decreased by irrigation water. Tp and the difference between water and air temperatures showed a conic relation. Tp fluctuation was also regulated by the absorption or reflection of solar radiation by leaves during daytime and release of heat energy during nighttime. By analysis on correlation and regression simulation, two models of Tp were established.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2006AA100101)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (Grant Nos.03JJY3033 and 08JJ1003)
文摘To understand the male sterility mechanism of photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile [P（T）GMS] lines in rice, the research progress on genetics of photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive genic male sterility in rice was reviewed. A new idea was proposed to explain the sterility mechanism of P（T）GMS rice. The fertility transition from sterile to fertile is the result of cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes with photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive genes, but not the so-called pgms gene in P（T）GMS rice. The minor-effect genes, which exhibit accumulative effect on sterility, are the important factors for the critical temperature of sterility transition. The more minor-effect genes the sterile line holds, the lower the critical temperature of sterility transition is. The critical temperature of sterility transition will be invariable if all the minor-effect genes are homozygous. The strategies for breeding P（T）GMS rice were also proposed. The selective indices of critical photoperiod and temperature for sterility transition should be set according to varietal type and ecological region. Imposing selection pressure is a key technology for breeding P（T）GMS rice with lower critical temperature for sterility, and improving the comprehensive performance of the whole traits and combining ability is vital for breeding P（T）GMS rice lines.
文摘Previous study indicated that the thermo-sensitive genic malesterile(TGMS) gene in rice was regulated by temperature.TGMS rice plays an important role in hybrid rice production,because the application of the TGMS system in two-line breeding is laborsaving,timesaving,simple,inexpensive,efficient,and eliminating the limitations of the cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) system.'AnnongS' is the first discovered and deeply studied TGMS rice lines in China.'AnnongS-1' and 'Y58S',two derivatives of TGMS line AnnongS,were both controlled by a single recessive gene named tms5,which was genetically mapped on chromosome 2.In this study,three populations('AnnongS-1' × 'Nanjing11','Y58S' × 'Q611',and 'Y58S' × 'Guanghui122') were developed and used for the molecular fine mapping of the tms5 gene.By analyzing recombination events in the sterile individuals using a total of 125 probes covering the tms5 region,the tms5 gene was physically mapped to a 19-kb DNA fragment between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,which were located on the BAC clone AP004039.After the construction of the physical map between two markers 4039-1 and 4039-2,a member(ONAC023) of the NAC(NAM-ATAF-CUC-related) gene family was identified as the candidate gene of the tms5 gene.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National 863 Program of China(200lAA211l7l,2002AA207001 and 2004AA2l109l1)National Sci-Tech Achievement Transformation Foundation of China(03EFN 2l6900283).
文摘Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.
