The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of tilapia head glycolipid(TH-GL)on indomethacin(IDM)-induced gastric ulcer in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats.The gastric ulce...The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of tilapia head glycolipid(TH-GL)on indomethacin(IDM)-induced gastric ulcer in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats.The gastric ulcer model was established by oral administration of 30mgkg^(-1) IDM after 7 days of TH-GL or omeprazole(OME)administration in rats.Then the macroscopic gastric injury symptoms,gastric mucosa protective factor cyclooxygenase 1(COX-1),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),the levels of oxidative stress,and inflammatory cytokine expression levels in the rats were analyzed.The experimental results showed that multiple ulcers appeared on the gastric surface of the rats in the model group.Compared to the model group,TH-GL significantly alleviated gastric ulcers and reduced the gastric damage index in rats.In addition,TH-GL significantly promoted the expression of constitutive enzyme COX-1 while inhibited the expression of inducible enzyme COX-2,and make PGE2 maintain at normal levels.TH-GL also inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and glutathione(GSH)content,decreased the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the content of pro-inflammatory factor.In conclusion,these results suggested that TH-GL could maintain the expression levels of COX-1 and PGE2 while inhibit the expression of COX-2 in the gastric of rat and then prevent IDM-induced gastric ulcer,which may be related to the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Therefore,TH-GL might be a new option for the prevention of gastric diseases induced by IDM.展开更多
Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflam...Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,oil-control,soothing and repair.Research results show that glycolipids have excellent antibacterial properties against P.acnes;when the dosage of glycolipids reaches 10μg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells can reach 20%;glycolipids can induce LPS induction RAW264.7 cells have the inhibitory effect on the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO;when the glycolipids concentration is 15 mg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on hyaluronidase reaches 45.8%;when the glycolipids concentration is 25μg/mL,the inhibition rate on calcium ion concentration reaches 45.3%;glycolipids have a significant promoting effect on wound healing.Furthermore,human efficacy evaluation shows that glycolipids products have comprehensive care effects on acne skin.This study will help further promote the application of glycolipids in cosmetic products,especially in skin care products for acne skin.展开更多
Objective:To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A(PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes m...Objective:To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A(PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 45 pregnant rats received the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the pregnant rat model of GDM.A total of 21 pregnant rats with GDM were randomly divided into three groups,with 7ruts in each group,namely the insulin group,metformin group and control group.Rats in the insulin group received the abdominal subcutaneous injection of 1 mL/kg recombinant insulin glargine at 18:00 every day.Rats in the metformin group received the intragastric infusion of metformin hydrochloride at 18:00 every day,with the first dose of 300 mg/kg.The doses of two groups were adjusted every 3 d to maintain the blood glucose level at 2.65-7.62 mmol/L.Rats in the control group received the intragastric infusion of 1 mL normal saline at 18:00 every day.After the natural delivery of pregnant rats.10 offspring rats were randomly selected from each group.At birth,4 wk and 8 wk after the birth of offspring rats,the weight of offspring rats was measured.The blood glucose level of offspring rats was measured at 4wk and 8 wk,while the level of serum insulin,triglyceride and leptin was measured at 8 wk.Results:The weight of offspring rats at birth in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at 4 wk and 8 wk among three groups(P>0.05).The fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose in the insulin group and metformin group at 4 wk and 8 wk were all significantly lower than ones in the control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).The expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly higher and the methylation level of PPARGC1 A was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Insulin and leptin at 8 wk in the insulin group and metformin group were significantly higher,while triglyceride was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05);triglyceride level of rats in the insulin group was significantly higher than the one in the metformin group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin level of offspring rats between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Conclusions:GDM can induce the methylation of PPARGC1 A of offspring rats to reduce the expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA and then cause the disorder of glycolipid metabolism when the offspring rats grow up;the insulin or metformin in the treatment of pregnant rats with GDM can reduce the methylation level of PPARGC1 A and thus improve the abnormal glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats.展开更多
A novel lipid occurred when cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells were grown in BG-11 medium with glucose applied. This lipid was determined to be a glycolipid, designated glycolipid-x (Glyco-x), by staining...A novel lipid occurred when cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells were grown in BG-11 medium with glucose applied. This lipid was determined to be a glycolipid, designated glycolipid-x (Glyco-x), by staining with alpha-naphthol and concentrated sulfuric acid. The occurrence of Glyco-x accompanies the disappearance of other lipids, especially DGDG. Glyco-x can also be observed in cells grown in BG-11 medium with the application of other carbon sources: fructose, maltose and lactose. Sodium thiosulfate, an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediates, showed strong capability to inhibit glucose-induced occurrence of Glyco-x. In the presence of 0.3% sodium thiosulfate, Glyco-x could only be detected in cells grown in BG-11 medium with 100 mmol/L glucose applied in late-exponential phase. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species might be involved in the occurrence of Glyco-x in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells grown in the presence of glucose.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid (S-ACT-1) isolated from Gelidiellaacerosa, a Sfi Lankan marine red algae. Methods: S-ACT-I, a white amorphous powder was separated from ...Aim: To evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid (S-ACT-1) isolated from Gelidiellaacerosa, a Sfi Lankan marine red algae. Methods: S-ACT-I, a white amorphous powder was separated from morepolar fractions of the hexane soluble of 1:1 CH_2Cl_2/MeOH extract and subjected to ~1H, ^(13)C NMR and IR Spectroscopyafter reverse phase HPLC for identification. Effects of S-ACT-1 on human sperm motility was assessed in vitro at 10,100 and 1000μg/mL concentrations at 37℃ for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Results: S-ACT-1 was identified as aglycolipid sulfate. The lower dose increased the sperm motility slightly, whilst the medium dose significantly increasedthe motility (P < 0.05) from 5 min of incubation reaching a peak at 15 min and the stimulant effect was sustainedthroughout the experimental period. Furthermore, the medium dose rendered 80% of the immotile viable sperm motile.In contrast, the highest dose impaired the sperm motility. The sperm stimulating activity of S-ACT-1 was dose-depen-dent and had a bell-shaped dose response curve for all the 5 incubation periods. Conclusion: S-ACT-1 of Gelidiellaacerosa is a Sulfono glycolipid. S-ACT-1 has a potent sperm motility stimulating activity in vitro and has the potentialto be developed into a sperm stimulant. (Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 27-31)展开更多
Two single-chain glycolipids, octadecyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(1) and 2-octadecanamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose(2) were synthesized and their dispersing properties in water were studied. Incorporation of 1 into the phosp...Two single-chain glycolipids, octadecyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(1) and 2-octadecanamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose(2) were synthesized and their dispersing properties in water were studied. Incorporation of 1 into the phospholipid liposomes could inhibit the aggregation of liposomes and improve the molecular packing in the bilayer membranes.展开更多
When cultured in medium limited of nitrogen sources, the phytopathogen Ustilago maydis produces two amphipathic glycolipids: Ustilagic acid (UA) and Mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), which in addition to the hydrophilic...When cultured in medium limited of nitrogen sources, the phytopathogen Ustilago maydis produces two amphipathic glycolipids: Ustilagic acid (UA) and Mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), which in addition to the hydrophilic moiety, contain dior tri-hydroxylated C16 fatty acids (UA), or C8 and C16 saturated fatty acids (MEL). We compared the growth and morphology of cells in YPD and in minimum media containing glucose and nitrogen sources such as nitrate or urea and those deprived of nitrogen. Nitrogen-starved cells showed a dramatic accumulation of internal lipids identified as lipid droplets when stained with the hydrophobic probe BODIPY;these lipid droplets were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acids in YPD or medium containing nitrate as nitrogen source showed a combination of saturated/unsaturated lipids, but when urea was the nitrogen source, cells only contained saturated fatty acids. The glycolipid profiles produced in the presence or absence of nitrogen showed preferences towards the production of one kind of glycolipid: cells in media containing nitrate or urea produced different proportions of UA/MEL, but under nitrogen starvation cells contained only UA. The emulsification capacity of the glycolipids produced in media with or without nitrogen was similar (72% - 76%). HPLC of the glycolipids allowed the separation of fractions with different emulsifying characteristics. Our results indicate that U. maydis accumulates lipid droplets when deprived of nitrogen source and confirm that UA is not under nitrogen control, but rather that MEL and lipid droplets are produced and oppositely regulated by nitrogen.展开更多
The rapid development of messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccines formulated with lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)has contributed to control of the COVID-19 pandemic.However,mRNA vaccines have raised concerns about their potential toxici...The rapid development of messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccines formulated with lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)has contributed to control of the COVID-19 pandemic.However,mRNA vaccines have raised concerns about their potential toxicity and clinical safety,including side effects,such as myocarditis,anaphylaxis,and pericarditis.In this study,we investigated the potential of trehalose glycolipids-containing LNP(LNP S050L)to reduce the risks associated with ionizable lipids.Trehalose glycolipids can form hydrogen bonds with polar biomolecules,allowing the formation of a stable LNP structure by replacing half of the ionizable lipids.The efficacy and safety of LNP S050L were evaluated by encapsulating the mRNA encoding the luciferase reporter gene and measuring gene expression and organ toxicity,respectively.Furthermore,mice immunized with an LNP S050L-formulated mRNA vaccine expressing influenza hemagglutinin exhibited a significant reduction in organ toxicity,including in the heart,spleen,and liver,while sustaining gene expression and immune efficiency,compared to conventional LNPs(Con-LNPs).Our findings suggest that LNP S050L,a trehalose glycolipid-based LNP,could facilitate the development of safe mRNA vaccines with improved clinical safety.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Dangua Fang(丹瓜方,DGR)in multi-target and multi-method regulation of glycolipid metabolism based on phosphoproteomics.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose levels were ...OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Dangua Fang(丹瓜方,DGR)in multi-target and multi-method regulation of glycolipid metabolism based on phosphoproteomics.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose levels were randomly divided into three groups,including a conventional diet control group(Group A),high-fat-highsugar diet model group(Group B),and DGR group(Group C,high-fat-high-sugar diet containing 20.5 g DGR).After 10 weeks of intervention,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 h blood glucose[PBG;using the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)],hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),plasma total cholesterol(TC),and triglycerides(TG)were tested,and the livers of rats were removed to calculate the liver index.Then,hepatic portal TG were tested using the Gross permanent optimization-participatiory action planning enzymatic method and phosphoproteomics was performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)analysis followed by database search and bioinformatics analysis.Finally,cell experiments were used to verify the results of phosphoproteomics.Phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4(MAP4k4)and phosphorylated adducin 1(ADD1)were detected using western blotting.RESULTS:DGR effectively reduced PBG,TG,and the liver index(P<0.05),and significantly decreased HbA1c,TC,and hepatic portal TG(P<0.01),showed significant hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,red oil O staining,and Masson staining of liver tissue.The total spectrum was 805334,matched spectrum was 260471,accounting for accounting 32.3%,peptides were 19995,modified peptides were 14671,identified proteins were 4601,quantifiable proteins were 4417,identified sites were 15749,and quantified sites were 14659.Based on the threshold of expression fold change(>1.2),DGR upregulated the modification of 228 phosphorylation sites involving 204 corresponding function proteins,and downregulated the modification of 358 phosphorylation sites involving 358 corresponding function proteins,which included correcting 75 phosphorylation sites involving 64 corresponding function proteins relating to glycolipid metabolism.Therefore,DGR improved biological tissue processes,including information storage and processing,cellular processes and signaling,and metabolism.The metabolic functions regulated by DGR mainly include energy production and conversion,carbohydrate transport and metabolism,lipid transport and metabolism,inorganic ion transport and metabolism,secondary metabolite biosynthesis,transport,and catabolism.In vitro phosphorylation validation based on cell experiments showed that the change trends in the phosphorylation level of MAP4k4 and ADD1 were consistent with that of previous phosphoproteomics studies.CONCLUSION:DGR extensively corrects the modification of phosphorylation sites to improve corresponding glycolipid metabolism-related protein expression in rats with glycolipid metabolism disorders,thereby regulating glycolipid metabolism through a multi-target and multi-method process.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.展开更多
目的研究1型糖尿病患儿血清分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(Secreted frizzled-related protein 5,SFRP5)的水平与糖脂代谢指标及和微血管并发症的关系。方法以2022年1月-2023年12月于山西省儿童医院就诊的96例1型糖尿病患儿为糖尿病组,选择同时...目的研究1型糖尿病患儿血清分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(Secreted frizzled-related protein 5,SFRP5)的水平与糖脂代谢指标及和微血管并发症的关系。方法以2022年1月-2023年12月于山西省儿童医院就诊的96例1型糖尿病患儿为糖尿病组,选择同时期在本院接受健康体检的100名正常儿童作为健康组。分别测定两组血清SFRP5水平、空腹血糖(Fasting blood glucose,FBG)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C)、三酰甘油(Triacylglycerol,TG)水平以及糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c),对糖尿病组患儿是否患有微血管并发症进行评估。采用Pearson相关性分析评估血清SFRP5水平与糖脂代谢指标间的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估血清SFRP5水平对1型糖尿病合并微血管并发症的诊断效能。结果与健康组比较,糖尿病组FBG、HbA1c、LDL-C和TG水平升高,HDL-C水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病组血清SFRP5水平为(352.53±53.69)pg/mL,低于健康组[(424.49±63.54)pg/mL],差异有统计学意义(t=5.453,P<0.05)。糖尿病组血清SFRP5水平与FBG、HbA1c和TG水平呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。1型糖尿病合并微血管并发症儿童的HbA1c和LDL-C水平高于未合并微血管并发症儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与未合并微血管并发症患儿血清SFRP5水平[(363.43±57.24)pg/mL]比较,1型糖尿病合并微血管并发症患儿血清SFRP5水平(315.87±42.35)pg/mL降低,差异有统计学意义(t=4.042,P<0.001)。血清SFRP5水平对1型糖尿病合并微血管并发症诊断效能的曲线下面积为0.838(0.755~0.921),灵敏度为86.4%,特异度为73.0%。结论1型糖尿病患儿血清SFRP5水平低于健康儿童,血清SFRP5水平与血清FBG、HbA1c和TG含量呈负相关,合并微血管并发症的糖尿病患儿血清SFRP5水平低于未合并者。展开更多
目的探究参芪降糖颗粒辅治对2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者糖脂代谢平衡的作用效果,并分析对其转化生长因子-β1(Transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、胰高糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)的影响。方...目的探究参芪降糖颗粒辅治对2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者糖脂代谢平衡的作用效果,并分析对其转化生长因子-β1(Transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、胰高糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)的影响。方法选取2018年12月—2021年12月期间在四川省眉山市中医医院初诊为T2DM患者96例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各48例。对照组采取常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用参芪降糖颗粒加以辅治。治疗4周后,观察比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后糖脂[空腹血糖(Fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h postprandial glucose,2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)以及甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)]代谢情况、TGF-β1及GLP-1水平变化,同时探究药物安全性。结果治疗后观察组显效43.75%(21/48)、总有效率95.83%(46/48)均明显高于对照组22.92%(11/48)、83.33%(40/48),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后两组患者糖代谢指标FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c和脂代谢指标TG、TC、LDL-C均较治疗前明显降低,HDL-C较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组糖代谢指标FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c和脂代谢指标TG、TC、LDL-C均低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后两组患者TGF-β1水平较治疗前降低,GLP-1水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组TGF-β1水平低于对照组,GLP-1水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。时点效应可显著影两项指标水平,且两项指标随时点变化趋势受到治疗方法的干预(P<0.05)。结论在西药基础上辅以参芪降糖颗粒可以明显降低T2DM患者的血糖和血脂水平,有效改善机体糖脂代谢和胰岛素代谢,从而提高整体疗效。展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide,with inflammation being an important factor in its onset and development.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine mo...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide,with inflammation being an important factor in its onset and development.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway in mediating inflammatory responses.Furthermore,it compre-hensively presents related research progress and the subsequent involvement of this pathway in the pathogenesis of early-stage DM,diabetic gastroenteropathy,diabetic cardiomyopathy,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and other complic-ations.Additionally,the role of cGAS-STING in autonomic dysfunction and intes-tinal dysregulation,which can lead to digestive complications,has been discuss-ed.Altogether,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the research advances regarding the cGAS-STING pathway-targeted therapeutic agents and the prospects for their application in the precision treatment of DM.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-grams of China(No.2018YFD0901103)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2019 RC093).
文摘The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of tilapia head glycolipid(TH-GL)on indomethacin(IDM)-induced gastric ulcer in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats.The gastric ulcer model was established by oral administration of 30mgkg^(-1) IDM after 7 days of TH-GL or omeprazole(OME)administration in rats.Then the macroscopic gastric injury symptoms,gastric mucosa protective factor cyclooxygenase 1(COX-1),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),the levels of oxidative stress,and inflammatory cytokine expression levels in the rats were analyzed.The experimental results showed that multiple ulcers appeared on the gastric surface of the rats in the model group.Compared to the model group,TH-GL significantly alleviated gastric ulcers and reduced the gastric damage index in rats.In addition,TH-GL significantly promoted the expression of constitutive enzyme COX-1 while inhibited the expression of inducible enzyme COX-2,and make PGE2 maintain at normal levels.TH-GL also inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and glutathione(GSH)content,decreased the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the content of pro-inflammatory factor.In conclusion,these results suggested that TH-GL could maintain the expression levels of COX-1 and PGE2 while inhibit the expression of COX-2 in the gastric of rat and then prevent IDM-induced gastric ulcer,which may be related to the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Therefore,TH-GL might be a new option for the prevention of gastric diseases induced by IDM.
文摘Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,oil-control,soothing and repair.Research results show that glycolipids have excellent antibacterial properties against P.acnes;when the dosage of glycolipids reaches 10μg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells can reach 20%;glycolipids can induce LPS induction RAW264.7 cells have the inhibitory effect on the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO;when the glycolipids concentration is 15 mg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on hyaluronidase reaches 45.8%;when the glycolipids concentration is 25μg/mL,the inhibition rate on calcium ion concentration reaches 45.3%;glycolipids have a significant promoting effect on wound healing.Furthermore,human efficacy evaluation shows that glycolipids products have comprehensive care effects on acne skin.This study will help further promote the application of glycolipids in cosmetic products,especially in skin care products for acne skin.
基金supported by Shandong Natural Science Fund(Y2008c170)
文摘Objective:To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A(PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 45 pregnant rats received the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the pregnant rat model of GDM.A total of 21 pregnant rats with GDM were randomly divided into three groups,with 7ruts in each group,namely the insulin group,metformin group and control group.Rats in the insulin group received the abdominal subcutaneous injection of 1 mL/kg recombinant insulin glargine at 18:00 every day.Rats in the metformin group received the intragastric infusion of metformin hydrochloride at 18:00 every day,with the first dose of 300 mg/kg.The doses of two groups were adjusted every 3 d to maintain the blood glucose level at 2.65-7.62 mmol/L.Rats in the control group received the intragastric infusion of 1 mL normal saline at 18:00 every day.After the natural delivery of pregnant rats.10 offspring rats were randomly selected from each group.At birth,4 wk and 8 wk after the birth of offspring rats,the weight of offspring rats was measured.The blood glucose level of offspring rats was measured at 4wk and 8 wk,while the level of serum insulin,triglyceride and leptin was measured at 8 wk.Results:The weight of offspring rats at birth in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at 4 wk and 8 wk among three groups(P>0.05).The fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose in the insulin group and metformin group at 4 wk and 8 wk were all significantly lower than ones in the control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).The expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly higher and the methylation level of PPARGC1 A was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Insulin and leptin at 8 wk in the insulin group and metformin group were significantly higher,while triglyceride was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05);triglyceride level of rats in the insulin group was significantly higher than the one in the metformin group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin level of offspring rats between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Conclusions:GDM can induce the methylation of PPARGC1 A of offspring rats to reduce the expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA and then cause the disorder of glycolipid metabolism when the offspring rats grow up;the insulin or metformin in the treatment of pregnant rats with GDM can reduce the methylation level of PPARGC1 A and thus improve the abnormal glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats.
文摘A novel lipid occurred when cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells were grown in BG-11 medium with glucose applied. This lipid was determined to be a glycolipid, designated glycolipid-x (Glyco-x), by staining with alpha-naphthol and concentrated sulfuric acid. The occurrence of Glyco-x accompanies the disappearance of other lipids, especially DGDG. Glyco-x can also be observed in cells grown in BG-11 medium with the application of other carbon sources: fructose, maltose and lactose. Sodium thiosulfate, an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediates, showed strong capability to inhibit glucose-induced occurrence of Glyco-x. In the presence of 0.3% sodium thiosulfate, Glyco-x could only be detected in cells grown in BG-11 medium with 100 mmol/L glucose applied in late-exponential phase. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species might be involved in the occurrence of Glyco-x in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells grown in the presence of glucose.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid (S-ACT-1) isolated from Gelidiellaacerosa, a Sfi Lankan marine red algae. Methods: S-ACT-I, a white amorphous powder was separated from morepolar fractions of the hexane soluble of 1:1 CH_2Cl_2/MeOH extract and subjected to ~1H, ^(13)C NMR and IR Spectroscopyafter reverse phase HPLC for identification. Effects of S-ACT-1 on human sperm motility was assessed in vitro at 10,100 and 1000μg/mL concentrations at 37℃ for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Results: S-ACT-1 was identified as aglycolipid sulfate. The lower dose increased the sperm motility slightly, whilst the medium dose significantly increasedthe motility (P < 0.05) from 5 min of incubation reaching a peak at 15 min and the stimulant effect was sustainedthroughout the experimental period. Furthermore, the medium dose rendered 80% of the immotile viable sperm motile.In contrast, the highest dose impaired the sperm motility. The sperm stimulating activity of S-ACT-1 was dose-depen-dent and had a bell-shaped dose response curve for all the 5 incubation periods. Conclusion: S-ACT-1 of Gelidiellaacerosa is a Sulfono glycolipid. S-ACT-1 has a potent sperm motility stimulating activity in vitro and has the potentialto be developed into a sperm stimulant. (Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 27-31)
文摘Two single-chain glycolipids, octadecyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(1) and 2-octadecanamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose(2) were synthesized and their dispersing properties in water were studied. Incorporation of 1 into the phospholipid liposomes could inhibit the aggregation of liposomes and improve the molecular packing in the bilayer membranes.
文摘When cultured in medium limited of nitrogen sources, the phytopathogen Ustilago maydis produces two amphipathic glycolipids: Ustilagic acid (UA) and Mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), which in addition to the hydrophilic moiety, contain dior tri-hydroxylated C16 fatty acids (UA), or C8 and C16 saturated fatty acids (MEL). We compared the growth and morphology of cells in YPD and in minimum media containing glucose and nitrogen sources such as nitrate or urea and those deprived of nitrogen. Nitrogen-starved cells showed a dramatic accumulation of internal lipids identified as lipid droplets when stained with the hydrophobic probe BODIPY;these lipid droplets were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acids in YPD or medium containing nitrate as nitrogen source showed a combination of saturated/unsaturated lipids, but when urea was the nitrogen source, cells only contained saturated fatty acids. The glycolipid profiles produced in the presence or absence of nitrogen showed preferences towards the production of one kind of glycolipid: cells in media containing nitrate or urea produced different proportions of UA/MEL, but under nitrogen starvation cells contained only UA. The emulsification capacity of the glycolipids produced in media with or without nitrogen was similar (72% - 76%). HPLC of the glycolipids allowed the separation of fractions with different emulsifying characteristics. Our results indicate that U. maydis accumulates lipid droplets when deprived of nitrogen source and confirm that UA is not under nitrogen control, but rather that MEL and lipid droplets are produced and oppositely regulated by nitrogen.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021M3E5E3080563,RS-2023-00229101)the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(No.22213MFDS421)+4 种基金the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Institutional Program(No.2E32852)H.Kim was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00209955)the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Institutional Program(No.2E33111)J.H.Nam was supported by grants from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(grant number 22213MFDS421)partially supported by the Brain Korea 21 Four Program.H.Youn was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(RS-2023-00217026).
文摘The rapid development of messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccines formulated with lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)has contributed to control of the COVID-19 pandemic.However,mRNA vaccines have raised concerns about their potential toxicity and clinical safety,including side effects,such as myocarditis,anaphylaxis,and pericarditis.In this study,we investigated the potential of trehalose glycolipids-containing LNP(LNP S050L)to reduce the risks associated with ionizable lipids.Trehalose glycolipids can form hydrogen bonds with polar biomolecules,allowing the formation of a stable LNP structure by replacing half of the ionizable lipids.The efficacy and safety of LNP S050L were evaluated by encapsulating the mRNA encoding the luciferase reporter gene and measuring gene expression and organ toxicity,respectively.Furthermore,mice immunized with an LNP S050L-formulated mRNA vaccine expressing influenza hemagglutinin exhibited a significant reduction in organ toxicity,including in the heart,spleen,and liver,while sustaining gene expression and immune efficiency,compared to conventional LNPs(Con-LNPs).Our findings suggest that LNP S050L,a trehalose glycolipid-based LNP,could facilitate the development of safe mRNA vaccines with improved clinical safety.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Based on the"miR34a/Nampt-NAD+-TAC"Pathway to Study the Mechanism of Simultaneously Treating the Phlegm and Blood Stasis in the Regulation of Glycolipid(No.81873213)Study on the Mechanism of Simultaneously Treating the Phlegm and Blood Stasis on Glycolipid Metabolism Based on Intestinal Fat Absorption Regulated by miR-34a/Stat3-Nfil3 Pathway(82074308)+1 种基金a New Mechanism of Regulating the Amino Acid Metabolism of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Dissipating Phlegm-Stasis:Based on the TCA Cycle-Mediated Transformation of"α-KG→Glutamate"(82274389)by Industry-University Cooperation Project for University in Fujian Province:Preparation of Monomeric Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexes Based on Nampt's Activation of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Respiratory Chain to Interfere with Glycolipid Metabolism(2022Y41010015)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Dangua Fang(丹瓜方,DGR)in multi-target and multi-method regulation of glycolipid metabolism based on phosphoproteomics.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose levels were randomly divided into three groups,including a conventional diet control group(Group A),high-fat-highsugar diet model group(Group B),and DGR group(Group C,high-fat-high-sugar diet containing 20.5 g DGR).After 10 weeks of intervention,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 h blood glucose[PBG;using the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)],hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),plasma total cholesterol(TC),and triglycerides(TG)were tested,and the livers of rats were removed to calculate the liver index.Then,hepatic portal TG were tested using the Gross permanent optimization-participatiory action planning enzymatic method and phosphoproteomics was performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)analysis followed by database search and bioinformatics analysis.Finally,cell experiments were used to verify the results of phosphoproteomics.Phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4(MAP4k4)and phosphorylated adducin 1(ADD1)were detected using western blotting.RESULTS:DGR effectively reduced PBG,TG,and the liver index(P<0.05),and significantly decreased HbA1c,TC,and hepatic portal TG(P<0.01),showed significant hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,red oil O staining,and Masson staining of liver tissue.The total spectrum was 805334,matched spectrum was 260471,accounting for accounting 32.3%,peptides were 19995,modified peptides were 14671,identified proteins were 4601,quantifiable proteins were 4417,identified sites were 15749,and quantified sites were 14659.Based on the threshold of expression fold change(>1.2),DGR upregulated the modification of 228 phosphorylation sites involving 204 corresponding function proteins,and downregulated the modification of 358 phosphorylation sites involving 358 corresponding function proteins,which included correcting 75 phosphorylation sites involving 64 corresponding function proteins relating to glycolipid metabolism.Therefore,DGR improved biological tissue processes,including information storage and processing,cellular processes and signaling,and metabolism.The metabolic functions regulated by DGR mainly include energy production and conversion,carbohydrate transport and metabolism,lipid transport and metabolism,inorganic ion transport and metabolism,secondary metabolite biosynthesis,transport,and catabolism.In vitro phosphorylation validation based on cell experiments showed that the change trends in the phosphorylation level of MAP4k4 and ADD1 were consistent with that of previous phosphoproteomics studies.CONCLUSION:DGR extensively corrects the modification of phosphorylation sites to improve corresponding glycolipid metabolism-related protein expression in rats with glycolipid metabolism disorders,thereby regulating glycolipid metabolism through a multi-target and multi-method process.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD0900902)Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(LGJ21C20001)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project of China(2019C02076 and 2019C02075)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.
文摘目的探究参芪降糖颗粒辅治对2型糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者糖脂代谢平衡的作用效果,并分析对其转化生长因子-β1(Transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、胰高糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)的影响。方法选取2018年12月—2021年12月期间在四川省眉山市中医医院初诊为T2DM患者96例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各48例。对照组采取常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用参芪降糖颗粒加以辅治。治疗4周后,观察比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后糖脂[空腹血糖(Fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h postprandial glucose,2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)以及甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)]代谢情况、TGF-β1及GLP-1水平变化,同时探究药物安全性。结果治疗后观察组显效43.75%(21/48)、总有效率95.83%(46/48)均明显高于对照组22.92%(11/48)、83.33%(40/48),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后两组患者糖代谢指标FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c和脂代谢指标TG、TC、LDL-C均较治疗前明显降低,HDL-C较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组糖代谢指标FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c和脂代谢指标TG、TC、LDL-C均低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后两组患者TGF-β1水平较治疗前降低,GLP-1水平较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组TGF-β1水平低于对照组,GLP-1水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。时点效应可显著影两项指标水平,且两项指标随时点变化趋势受到治疗方法的干预(P<0.05)。结论在西药基础上辅以参芪降糖颗粒可以明显降低T2DM患者的血糖和血脂水平,有效改善机体糖脂代谢和胰岛素代谢,从而提高整体疗效。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022MH153“Clinical+X”Project Fund of Binzhou Medical College,No.BY2021LCX11.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide,with inflammation being an important factor in its onset and development.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway in mediating inflammatory responses.Furthermore,it compre-hensively presents related research progress and the subsequent involvement of this pathway in the pathogenesis of early-stage DM,diabetic gastroenteropathy,diabetic cardiomyopathy,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and other complic-ations.Additionally,the role of cGAS-STING in autonomic dysfunction and intes-tinal dysregulation,which can lead to digestive complications,has been discuss-ed.Altogether,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the research advances regarding the cGAS-STING pathway-targeted therapeutic agents and the prospects for their application in the precision treatment of DM.
