Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality.Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP.This study sought to study the expression stability of...Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality.Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP.This study sought to study the expression stability of several reference genes in the golden Syrian hamster,a model of AP.Methods:AP was induced in golden Syrian hamster by intraperitoneal injection of ethanol(1.35 g/kg)and palmitoleic acid(2 mg/kg).The expression of candidate genes,including Actb,Gapdh,Eef2,Ywhaz,Rps18,Hprt1,Tubb,Rpl13a,Nono,and B2m,in hamster pancreas at different time points(1,3,6,9,and 24 h)posttreatment was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expression stability of these genes was calculated using Best Keeper,Comprehensive Delta CT,Norm Finder,and ge Norm algorithms and Ref Finder software.Results:Our results show that the expression of these reference genes fluctuated during AP,of which Ywhaz and Gapdh were the most stable genes,whereas Tubb,Eef2,and Actb were the least stable genes.Furthermore,these genes were used to normalize the expression of TNF-αmessenger ribonucleic acid in inflamed pancreas.Conclusions:In conclusion,Ywhaz and Gapdh were suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in AP induced in Syrian hamster.展开更多
Background : SHARPIN (SHANK- associated RH domain interactor) is a component ofthe linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF- κB signaling pathway. To betterunderstand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to ...Background : SHARPIN (SHANK- associated RH domain interactor) is a component ofthe linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF- κB signaling pathway. To betterunderstand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel geneticallyengineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.Methods : A single- guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designedand constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatalmutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detectedusing Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymicweights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathologicalexamination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performedindependently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokineswas evaluated using reverse transcriptase- quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results : All the offspring harbored germline- transmitted SHARPIN mutations.Compared with wild- type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN −/−hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted inSHARPIN −/− hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophilinfiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagiwere obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless,the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4 , and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. Theexpression of NF- κB and phosphorylation of NF- κB and IκB protein significantly diminishedin SHARPIN −/− animals.Conclusions : A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using theCRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs andeosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPINfunction and chronic inflammation.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Our earlier study with cultured gallbladder epithelial cells demonstrated that statins(HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)activate the expression of PPARαand PPARγ, consequently blocking the production of pro-i...BACKGROUND:Our earlier study with cultured gallbladder epithelial cells demonstrated that statins(HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)activate the expression of PPARαand PPARγ, consequently blocking the production of pro-inflmmatory cytokines.The present study used hamsters to investigate the effects of pavastatin on PPARα/PPARγexpression in the liver and gallbladder epithelium,and to determine whether pravastatin suppresses cholesterol crystal formation in the gallbladder. METHODS:A total of 40 Golden Syrian male hamsters(4 weeks old)were randomly assigned to four groups(basal diet control; basal diet+pavastatin;high cholesterol diet;high cholesterol diet+pravastatin).All hamsters were 11 weeks old at the end of the experiment.The liver,gallbladder and bile were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting for PPARαand PPARγwere performed in the liver and gallbladder. A drop of fresh bile was examined for cholesterol crystals under a microscope. RESULTS:In the gallbladder and liver of the hamsters, pravastatin activated the PPARαand PPARγexpression of gallbladder epithelial cells and hepatocytes,and particularly the response of PPARγwas much stronger than that of PPARα. Pravastatin suppressed the formation of cholesterol gallstones or crystals in the gallbladder. CONCLUSION:Pravastatin is an effective medication to activate PPARs(especially PPARγ)in the liver and the gallbladder epithelium of hamsters,and contributes to the prevention of gallstone formation.展开更多
Objective: To apply lectin affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics-based LC-MS/MS to preliminarily investigate the possible potential plasma biomarkers of Opisthorchis viverrini(OV)-associated CCA in OV/dimethylni...Objective: To apply lectin affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics-based LC-MS/MS to preliminarily investigate the possible potential plasma biomarkers of Opisthorchis viverrini(OV)-associated CCA in OV/dimethylnitrosamine(DMN)-induced CCA hamster model. Methods: Nine Syrian hamsters were divided into 3 groups as follows(n=3 each): normal(healthy control group); OV group; and OV/DMN group(CCA group). Pooled plasma samples collected from animals in each group at the 6th month post-infection with OV metacercarae were subjected to glycoproteomics analysis. Glycoproteins in the pooled sample from each group were initially isolated by concanavilin A(Con A)-based affinity chromatography. The expression of glycoproteins isolated by both enrichment methods were determined using LCMS/MS. Results: Among the 24 Con A-binding glycoproteins isolated, two proteins, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1(NDRG1) and fetuin-B(FETUB) were found up-regulated only in the samples from the OV and control groups, but not in the OV/DMN(CCA) groups. On the other hand, one protein, i.e., NSFL1 cofactor p47 isoform x3(NSFL1C) was found only in the samples from OV/DMN(CCA) and control groups, but not in the OV group. The remaining 21 proteins were upregulated in the samples from all groups. Conclusions: NDRG1, FETUB and NSFL1 C glycoproteins isolated by Con A-based affinity chromatography could be potential biomarkers for CCA. Plasma samples with negative for NDRG1 and FETUB proteins but positive for NSFL1 C are likely to be OV-associated CCA. Nevertheless, this conclusion remains to be confirmed whether this battery test can discriminate OV-associated CCA from other risk factors.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the roles of telomerase activity (TA) in relation to hamster buccal pouch tumor progression. Methods: male hamster were treated three times weekly with 0.5% of 7, 12-dimethyl- benzanthracene ...Objective: To investigate the roles of telomerase activity (TA) in relation to hamster buccal pouch tumor progression. Methods: male hamster were treated three times weekly with 0.5% of 7, 12-dimethyl- benzanthracene (DMBA) over a 15 weeks experimental period. Hamsters were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks after treatment. Telomerase activity of hamster buccal pouch tissue were measured along with the analyses of the formation of DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch tumors. Results: DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinomas were found at the 6th week after dosing. Telomerase activity elevation began at the 3rd week and was increasing to a plateau at the 12th week. Conclusion: Our results show that telomerase activity in the target tissue may be detected at the early stage of the DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch tumor formation and suggests that telomerase activity may be used as a biomarker for an early clinical detection of buccal pouch cancer.展开更多
Three transfection reagents, Lipofectamine® 2000, TransIT-PRO® and linear 25 kDa polyethylenimine were evaluated for transient expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in Chinese hamster ovary ce...Three transfection reagents, Lipofectamine® 2000, TransIT-PRO® and linear 25 kDa polyethylenimine were evaluated for transient expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells. TransIT-PRO® was found to be more efficient under the examined conditions, but comes at an increased cost compared to the widely used PEI.展开更多
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect garbanzo containing diet on cholesterol in hamster fed cholesterol containing high fat diet. It was hypothesized that garbanzo diet would lower cholesterol in ...The present study was conducted to investigate the effect garbanzo containing diet on cholesterol in hamster fed cholesterol containing high fat diet. It was hypothesized that garbanzo diet would lower cholesterol in hamsters, based on previous observation of the bile acid binding potential of garbanzo. Garbanzo (Cicer arietinum), Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), lentils (Lens culinaris), soy protein isolate (SPI) or casein (control) diets were fed to hamsters for three weeks. Initial and final animal weights, feed intakes and plasma triglycerides values were similar among all the treatments. Garbanzo containing diet significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol (TC) compared with casein control. There was 17% reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hamsters fed the garbanzo diet;this difference was not significant due to high variability in within treatment values. Plasma cholesterol values with lentils diet were similar those with the control diet. Liver lipid and liver cholesterol values with lentils diet were higher than all the other treatments. Data suggest that garbanzo diet has the potential to lower the risk of atherosclerosis and improve human health.展开更多
β-Glucans, mostly from oats, have been shown to reduce blood concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol in animals and humans. After processing, spent brewer’s yeast, a by-product of the fermentation process, conta...β-Glucans, mostly from oats, have been shown to reduce blood concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol in animals and humans. After processing, spent brewer’s yeast, a by-product of the fermentation process, contains 85% - 90% β-glucans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast-derived β-glucan fiber on plasma lipids and early atherosclerosis development in hamsters consuming a semi-purified hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD). Animals were fed either the HCD or the HCD containing psyllium or β-glucan fiber from yeast for 12 weeks. Both the psyllium and β-glucan fiber from yeast showed significant decreases in plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, triacylglycerol, and aortic fatty streak area when compared to the HCD. Also, the β-glucan fiber from yeast had significantly less aortic fatty streak area compared to the psyllium diet. Findings from this study show that while both β-glucan fiber from yeast and psyllium produced similar reductions in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, the β-glucan fiber from yeast prevented the development early atherosclerosis better than psyllium in the hamsters.展开更多
Objective Lately, microwave radiation (MR) has been successfully used to cure a variety ofdiseases including oral mucosal diseases and oral tumors in stomatology. Preventive MR of precancerous lesionsfrom canceration ...Objective Lately, microwave radiation (MR) has been successfully used to cure a variety ofdiseases including oral mucosal diseases and oral tumors in stomatology. Preventive MR of precancerous lesionsfrom canceration is the goal of this study which had been rarely reported. Methods Between leukoplakia modelanimals and MR treated model animals, the cancer incidences were compared and the macroscopic and microscopicpathology were detailed. The functional parameters of the microwave apparatus were analysed to yield the optimumdata for future clinical use. Results The cancer blocking effect of MR was proved by the incidence of canceration3.5 times less frequent in MR treated animals. Conclusion Analysis of the macroscopic and microscopicpathology may disclose the mechanism of the therapeutic MR.展开更多
Body mass is considered to be related with immune function in animals. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that cellular and innate immunity would be suppressed in high body mass of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus...Body mass is considered to be related with immune function in animals. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that cellular and innate immunity would be suppressed in high body mass of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Six heavier (high body mass, HBM) and six lighter (low body mass, LBM) hamsters were selected from 28 male hamsters. Body mass, body fat mass, wet spleen mass and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the HBM group than in the LBM group. However, phytohaemagglutinin response, serum bacteria killing capacity and white blood cells did not differ between the two groups, suggesting cellular and innate immunity was?not impaired in high body mass of hamsters. There was no correlation between cellular, innate immunity and body mass, body fat mass and glucose levels, suggesting cellular and innate immunity was?not suppressed by higher body mass, body fat mass and glucose levels. In summary, cellular and innate immunity was not impaired in the HBM hamsters compared with the LBM hamsters.展开更多
[Objectives]The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cholesterol content in high-fat diet on atorvastatin(ATO)-induced liver injury in golden hamsters and compare the degree of liver injury caused ...[Objectives]The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cholesterol content in high-fat diet on atorvastatin(ATO)-induced liver injury in golden hamsters and compare the degree of liver injury caused by two high-fat diets with different cholesterol proportions.[Methods]Male golden hamsters were randomly and evenly divided into different groups and given different high-fat diets for 14 consecutive days by gavage to establish hyperlipidemia models.From the 15th d on,the hamsters in the model groups were given ATO at a dose of 5 mg/kg,one a day,for 9 consecutive days.Blood was sampled from the orbital veins of the hamsters for the determination of biochemical indicators.Liver tissues of the hamsters were sampled,paraffin-embedded,sliced,stained by HE(hematoxylin-eosin)method and observed under an optical microscope.[Results]Compared with standard diet group,the body weight increased significantly(P<0.05),the serum TC,TG and LDL-C levels increased significantly(P<0.05),the serum HDL-C level declined significantly(P<0.05),and the ALT and AST levels increased significantly(P<0.05)in the high-fat diet groups.This trend was more obvious in the high-fat II group than the high-fat I group.After ATO intervention,the HDL-C,TBIL and TBA levels increased significantly(P<0.05),and the liver ALT and AST levels further increased(P<0.05)in the model groups.This trend was more obvious in the model II group than the model I group.The morphological inspection shows that the fat deposition in the liver tissues was severe;the hepatocytes in the model groups were obviously damaged;the liver injury in the hamsters fed high-fat diet containing 0.2%cholesterol and intervened with ATO was relatively mild but severer than the high-fat diet groups.[Conclusions]Hamster models of hyperlipidemia were successfully established in this study.High-fat diet could cause liver injury.While lowering blood lipid level,ATO aggravated liver injury.Among the high-fat diets with different proportions of cholesterol,the diet containing 0.2%cholesterol had little effect on ATO-induced liver injury.展开更多
Malignant transformation of hamsterembryo cells was induced in vitro by rareearth iron mineral dusts(MP),naturalthorium(Th02) and MP plus Th02.Dusts of MP,MP plus Th02 or Th02 were added into themedium with the final ...Malignant transformation of hamsterembryo cells was induced in vitro by rareearth iron mineral dusts(MP),naturalthorium(Th02) and MP plus Th02.Dusts of MP,MP plus Th02 or Th02 were added into themedium with the final concentration of 17.0,展开更多
瞄准：在介绍经由在试管内授精(IVF ) 带 HBV DNA 进没有带的仓鼠卵母细胞的能动人的精子以后在早胚胎的房间检测肝炎 B (HBV ) 基因(HB S 和 C 基因) 的表示技术。方法：人的调停精子的 HBV 基因被 IVF 方法交付进没有带的仓鼠卵母细...瞄准：在介绍经由在试管内授精(IVF ) 带 HBV DNA 进没有带的仓鼠卵母细胞的能动人的精子以后在早胚胎的房间检测肝炎 B (HBV ) 基因(HB S 和 C 基因) 的表示技术。方法：人的调停精子的 HBV 基因被 IVF 方法交付进没有带的仓鼠卵母细胞。聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 被用来检测在一个房间和二房间的胚胎两个都编码基因的 HB S 和 pre-Core/Core (pre-C/C ) 。反向的 transcription-PCR (RT-PCR ) 分析被用来学习二基因的表示。用杂交探查的全身的 HBV DNA 的荧光原位杂交(鱼) 分析被执行在主人证实病毒的 DNA 的集成胚胎的染色体。结果：HB S 和 pre-C/C 编码基因在一个房间在场、抄录，二房间的胚胎与带 HBV DNA 序列的人的精子从仓鼠卵 IVF 发源。结论：调停精子的 HBV 基因能在早胚胎的房间复制并且表示自己。这些结果提供 HBV DNA 能经由男细菌行垂直地传给下一代的直接证据。展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced liver injury in hamsters, and to elucidate a correlation between liver injury and bile acid profiles in the liver....AIM: To investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced liver injury in hamsters, and to elucidate a correlation between liver injury and bile acid profiles in the liver. METHODS: Liver injury was induced in hamsters by administration of 0.5% (w/w) CDCA in their feed for 7 d. UDCA (50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) was administered for the last 3 d of the experiment. RESULTS: At the end of the experiment, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased more than 10 times and the presence of liver injury was confirmed histologically. Marked increase in bile acids was observed in the liver. The amount of total bile acids increased approximately three-fold and was accompanied by the increase in hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and lithocholic acid (LCA). UDCA (50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) improved liver histology, with a significant decrease (679.3 ± 77.5 U/L vs 333.6 ± 50.4 U/L and 254.3 ± 35.5 U/ L, respectively, P < 0.01) in serum ALT level. UDCA decreased the concentrations of the hydrophobic bile acids, and as a result, a decrease in the total bile acid level in the liver was achieved. CONCLUSION: The results show that UDCA improves oral CDCA-induced liver damage in hamsters. The protective effects of UDCA appear to result from a decrease in the concentration of hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and LCA, which accumulate and show the cytotoxicity in the liver.展开更多
Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) in...Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) in these effects. Methods Twenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group (n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily), and control group (n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group). Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-α were determined. Results Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose (FSG), and insulin (FSI) were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase (HL), lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-α. Conclusion CGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-α facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.展开更多
Aim To investigate the role of the Chinese herbal medicine Xianhuayin on the reversal of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced premalignant mucosal lesions in the oral buccal pouch of golden hamsters. Methodol...Aim To investigate the role of the Chinese herbal medicine Xianhuayin on the reversal of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced premalignant mucosal lesions in the oral buccal pouch of golden hamsters. Methodology The animals were randomly divided into a non-diseased control group (n=5) and an experimental group including 50 animals in which the buccal mucosa had been painted with DMBA (0.5% in acetone) to generate an oral mucosa premalignant lesion. Animals in the experimental group were further divided into Xianhuayin-treated group (n=30), untreated premalignant lesion group (n=10) and normal saline (NS)-treated group (n=10). The cheek (buccal) pouch mucosa of the golden hamsters in each group was observed with light and electron microscopy eight weeks after intragastric administration with NS or Xianhuayin. Results In the non-diseased control group, the buccal mucosa was keratinized and stratified squamous epithelium under a light microscope. In the untreated premalignant lesion group, variable degrees of epithelial dysplasia was observed. The irregular epithelial mucosa gradually became distinct in the Xianhuayin-treated group. Scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) analysis showed that surface of the cells exhibited honeycomb structures in the hamster of untreated-group. The cells were morphologically irregular, overlapped and loosened in the untreated premalignant lesion group. Most of the cell surface exhibited honeycomb structure in the Xianhuayin-treated group. Transmission electronic microscopic (TEM) analysis showed that buccal mucosal epithelial cells were morphologically regular in the non-diseased control group. Desmosomes and tonofibrils were reduced and the nucleus was morphologically irregular in the untreated premalignant lesion group. In the Xianhuayin-treated group, the widening intercellular gap was gradually reduced, desmosomes and the cells becoming morphologically regular. No significant difference was observed between the hamsters in NS-treated group and those in the untreated premalignant lesion group. Significant therapeutic efficacy was observed in the group receiving Xianhuayin. Conclusion Xianhuayin is effective in the reversal of DMBA-induced premalignant lesions in the buccal pouch of golden hamsters.展开更多
Magnetic resonance image (MRI) systems with a much higher magnetic flux densitywere developed and applied for potential use in medical diagnostic. Recently, much attention hasbeen paid to the biological effects of sta...Magnetic resonance image (MRI) systems with a much higher magnetic flux densitywere developed and applied for potential use in medical diagnostic. Recently, much attention hasbeen paid to the biological effects of static, strong magnetic fields (SMF). With the 13 T SMFfacility in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the present study focusedon the cellular effects of the SMF with 13 T on the cell viability and the cell cycle distributionin immortalized hamster cells, such as human-hamster hybrid (A_L) cells, Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells, DNA double-strand break repair deficient mutant (XRS-5) cells, and human primaryskin fibroblasts (AG1522) cells. It was found that the exposure of 13 T SMF had less effect onthe colony formation in either nonsynchronized or synchronized A_L cells. Moreover, as comparedto non-exposed groups, there were slight differences in the cell cycle distribution no matter ineither synchronized or nonsynchronized immortalized hamster cells after exposure to 13 T SMF.However, it should be noted that the percentage of exposed AG1522 cells at G0/G1 phase wasdecreased by 10% as compared to the controls. Our data indicated that although 13 T SMF hadminimal effects in immortalized hamster cells, the cell cycle distribution was slightly modified bySMF in human primary fibroblasts.展开更多
Food restriction(FR) and refeeding(Re) have been suggested to impair body mass regulation and thereby making it easier to regain the lost weight and develop over-weight when FR ends. However, it is unclear if this is ...Food restriction(FR) and refeeding(Re) have been suggested to impair body mass regulation and thereby making it easier to regain the lost weight and develop over-weight when FR ends. However, it is unclear if this is the case in small mammals showing seasonal forging behaviors. In the present study, energy budget, body fat and serum leptin level were measured in striped hamsters that were exposed to FR-Re. The effects of leptin on food intake, body fat and genes expressions of several hypothalamus neuropeptides were determined. Body mass, fat content and serum leptin level decreased during FR and then increased during Re. Leptin supplement significantly attenuated the increase in food intake during Re, decreased genes expressions of neuropepetide Y(NPY) and agouti-related protein(AgRP) of hypothalamus and leptin of white adipose tissue(WAT). Hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL) gene expression of WAT increased in leptin-treated hamsters that were fed ad libitum, but decreased in FR-Re hamsters. This indicates that the adaptive regulation of WAT HSL gene expression may be involved in the mobilization of fat storage during Re, which partly contributes to the resistance to FR-Re-induced overweight. Leptin may be involved in the down regulations of hypothalamus orexigenic peptides gene expression and consequently plays a crucial role in controlling food intake when FR ends.展开更多
Objective To prepare the PrP specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can be used for the detection of mammalian prions and study of pathogenesis of prion diseases. Methods Several BALB/c mice were immunized with re...Objective To prepare the PrP specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can be used for the detection of mammalian prions and study of pathogenesis of prion diseases. Methods Several BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant hamster prion protein (HaPrP). Three hybridoma cell lines designated as B7, B9, and B10, secreting monoclonal antibodies against HaPrP, were established by hybridoma technique. The mAbs reactivities were evaluated with ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Results The mAbs produced by these cell lines reacted well with different recombinant hamster PrP proteins. Western blot analyses showed that mAbs B7 and B9 reacted with PrPSc from the scrapie-infected animals after proteinase K digestion with three glycosylated forms. The mAbs exhibited cross-reactivity with various PrPC from several other mammalian species, including humans and cattles. Immunohistochemistry assays confirmed that mAbs B7 and B9 could recognize not only extracellular but also intracellular PrPSc. Conclusion The mAbs of prion protein are successfully generated by hybridoma technique and can be applied for the diagnosis of prion associated diseases.展开更多
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021T140184Program for Science Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:23HASTIT045Scientific Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialized in Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:2022ZY1172。
文摘Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality.Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP.This study sought to study the expression stability of several reference genes in the golden Syrian hamster,a model of AP.Methods:AP was induced in golden Syrian hamster by intraperitoneal injection of ethanol(1.35 g/kg)and palmitoleic acid(2 mg/kg).The expression of candidate genes,including Actb,Gapdh,Eef2,Ywhaz,Rps18,Hprt1,Tubb,Rpl13a,Nono,and B2m,in hamster pancreas at different time points(1,3,6,9,and 24 h)posttreatment was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expression stability of these genes was calculated using Best Keeper,Comprehensive Delta CT,Norm Finder,and ge Norm algorithms and Ref Finder software.Results:Our results show that the expression of these reference genes fluctuated during AP,of which Ywhaz and Gapdh were the most stable genes,whereas Tubb,Eef2,and Actb were the least stable genes.Furthermore,these genes were used to normalize the expression of TNF-αmessenger ribonucleic acid in inflamed pancreas.Conclusions:In conclusion,Ywhaz and Gapdh were suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in AP induced in Syrian hamster.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:202300410259Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:202001043China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021T140184。
文摘Background : SHARPIN (SHANK- associated RH domain interactor) is a component ofthe linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF- κB signaling pathway. To betterunderstand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel geneticallyengineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.Methods : A single- guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designedand constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatalmutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detectedusing Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymicweights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathologicalexamination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performedindependently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokineswas evaluated using reverse transcriptase- quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results : All the offspring harbored germline- transmitted SHARPIN mutations.Compared with wild- type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN −/−hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted inSHARPIN −/− hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophilinfiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagiwere obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless,the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4 , and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. Theexpression of NF- κB and phosphorylation of NF- κB and IκB protein significantly diminishedin SHARPIN −/− animals.Conclusions : A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using theCRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs andeosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPINfunction and chronic inflammation.
基金supported by a grant from Kyung Hee University Research(20071618)
文摘BACKGROUND:Our earlier study with cultured gallbladder epithelial cells demonstrated that statins(HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)activate the expression of PPARαand PPARγ, consequently blocking the production of pro-inflmmatory cytokines.The present study used hamsters to investigate the effects of pavastatin on PPARα/PPARγexpression in the liver and gallbladder epithelium,and to determine whether pravastatin suppresses cholesterol crystal formation in the gallbladder. METHODS:A total of 40 Golden Syrian male hamsters(4 weeks old)were randomly assigned to four groups(basal diet control; basal diet+pavastatin;high cholesterol diet;high cholesterol diet+pravastatin).All hamsters were 11 weeks old at the end of the experiment.The liver,gallbladder and bile were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting for PPARαand PPARγwere performed in the liver and gallbladder. A drop of fresh bile was examined for cholesterol crystals under a microscope. RESULTS:In the gallbladder and liver of the hamsters, pravastatin activated the PPARαand PPARγexpression of gallbladder epithelial cells and hepatocytes,and particularly the response of PPARγwas much stronger than that of PPARα. Pravastatin suppressed the formation of cholesterol gallstones or crystals in the gallbladder. CONCLUSION:Pravastatin is an effective medication to activate PPARs(especially PPARγ)in the liver and the gallbladder epithelium of hamsters,and contributes to the prevention of gallstone formation.
基金supported by the National Research University Project(NRU)of Thailand Office of Higher Education Commission,Ministry of Education of Thailand and Thammasat University(Excellence Center in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma)
文摘Objective: To apply lectin affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics-based LC-MS/MS to preliminarily investigate the possible potential plasma biomarkers of Opisthorchis viverrini(OV)-associated CCA in OV/dimethylnitrosamine(DMN)-induced CCA hamster model. Methods: Nine Syrian hamsters were divided into 3 groups as follows(n=3 each): normal(healthy control group); OV group; and OV/DMN group(CCA group). Pooled plasma samples collected from animals in each group at the 6th month post-infection with OV metacercarae were subjected to glycoproteomics analysis. Glycoproteins in the pooled sample from each group were initially isolated by concanavilin A(Con A)-based affinity chromatography. The expression of glycoproteins isolated by both enrichment methods were determined using LCMS/MS. Results: Among the 24 Con A-binding glycoproteins isolated, two proteins, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1(NDRG1) and fetuin-B(FETUB) were found up-regulated only in the samples from the OV and control groups, but not in the OV/DMN(CCA) groups. On the other hand, one protein, i.e., NSFL1 cofactor p47 isoform x3(NSFL1C) was found only in the samples from OV/DMN(CCA) and control groups, but not in the OV group. The remaining 21 proteins were upregulated in the samples from all groups. Conclusions: NDRG1, FETUB and NSFL1 C glycoproteins isolated by Con A-based affinity chromatography could be potential biomarkers for CCA. Plasma samples with negative for NDRG1 and FETUB proteins but positive for NSFL1 C are likely to be OV-associated CCA. Nevertheless, this conclusion remains to be confirmed whether this battery test can discriminate OV-associated CCA from other risk factors.
文摘Objective: To investigate the roles of telomerase activity (TA) in relation to hamster buccal pouch tumor progression. Methods: male hamster were treated three times weekly with 0.5% of 7, 12-dimethyl- benzanthracene (DMBA) over a 15 weeks experimental period. Hamsters were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks after treatment. Telomerase activity of hamster buccal pouch tissue were measured along with the analyses of the formation of DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch tumors. Results: DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinomas were found at the 6th week after dosing. Telomerase activity elevation began at the 3rd week and was increasing to a plateau at the 12th week. Conclusion: Our results show that telomerase activity in the target tissue may be detected at the early stage of the DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch tumor formation and suggests that telomerase activity may be used as a biomarker for an early clinical detection of buccal pouch cancer.
文摘Three transfection reagents, Lipofectamine® 2000, TransIT-PRO® and linear 25 kDa polyethylenimine were evaluated for transient expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells. TransIT-PRO® was found to be more efficient under the examined conditions, but comes at an increased cost compared to the widely used PEI.
文摘The present study was conducted to investigate the effect garbanzo containing diet on cholesterol in hamster fed cholesterol containing high fat diet. It was hypothesized that garbanzo diet would lower cholesterol in hamsters, based on previous observation of the bile acid binding potential of garbanzo. Garbanzo (Cicer arietinum), Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), lentils (Lens culinaris), soy protein isolate (SPI) or casein (control) diets were fed to hamsters for three weeks. Initial and final animal weights, feed intakes and plasma triglycerides values were similar among all the treatments. Garbanzo containing diet significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol (TC) compared with casein control. There was 17% reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hamsters fed the garbanzo diet;this difference was not significant due to high variability in within treatment values. Plasma cholesterol values with lentils diet were similar those with the control diet. Liver lipid and liver cholesterol values with lentils diet were higher than all the other treatments. Data suggest that garbanzo diet has the potential to lower the risk of atherosclerosis and improve human health.
文摘β-Glucans, mostly from oats, have been shown to reduce blood concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol in animals and humans. After processing, spent brewer’s yeast, a by-product of the fermentation process, contains 85% - 90% β-glucans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast-derived β-glucan fiber on plasma lipids and early atherosclerosis development in hamsters consuming a semi-purified hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD). Animals were fed either the HCD or the HCD containing psyllium or β-glucan fiber from yeast for 12 weeks. Both the psyllium and β-glucan fiber from yeast showed significant decreases in plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, triacylglycerol, and aortic fatty streak area when compared to the HCD. Also, the β-glucan fiber from yeast had significantly less aortic fatty streak area compared to the psyllium diet. Findings from this study show that while both β-glucan fiber from yeast and psyllium produced similar reductions in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, the β-glucan fiber from yeast prevented the development early atherosclerosis better than psyllium in the hamsters.
文摘Objective Lately, microwave radiation (MR) has been successfully used to cure a variety ofdiseases including oral mucosal diseases and oral tumors in stomatology. Preventive MR of precancerous lesionsfrom canceration is the goal of this study which had been rarely reported. Methods Between leukoplakia modelanimals and MR treated model animals, the cancer incidences were compared and the macroscopic and microscopicpathology were detailed. The functional parameters of the microwave apparatus were analysed to yield the optimumdata for future clinical use. Results The cancer blocking effect of MR was proved by the incidence of canceration3.5 times less frequent in MR treated animals. Conclusion Analysis of the macroscopic and microscopicpathology may disclose the mechanism of the therapeutic MR.
文摘Body mass is considered to be related with immune function in animals. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that cellular and innate immunity would be suppressed in high body mass of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Six heavier (high body mass, HBM) and six lighter (low body mass, LBM) hamsters were selected from 28 male hamsters. Body mass, body fat mass, wet spleen mass and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the HBM group than in the LBM group. However, phytohaemagglutinin response, serum bacteria killing capacity and white blood cells did not differ between the two groups, suggesting cellular and innate immunity was?not impaired in high body mass of hamsters. There was no correlation between cellular, innate immunity and body mass, body fat mass and glucose levels, suggesting cellular and innate immunity was?not suppressed by higher body mass, body fat mass and glucose levels. In summary, cellular and innate immunity was not impaired in the HBM hamsters compared with the LBM hamsters.
基金Key Discipline Construction Project for Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province(Ji Jiao Gao[2013]4).
文摘[Objectives]The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cholesterol content in high-fat diet on atorvastatin(ATO)-induced liver injury in golden hamsters and compare the degree of liver injury caused by two high-fat diets with different cholesterol proportions.[Methods]Male golden hamsters were randomly and evenly divided into different groups and given different high-fat diets for 14 consecutive days by gavage to establish hyperlipidemia models.From the 15th d on,the hamsters in the model groups were given ATO at a dose of 5 mg/kg,one a day,for 9 consecutive days.Blood was sampled from the orbital veins of the hamsters for the determination of biochemical indicators.Liver tissues of the hamsters were sampled,paraffin-embedded,sliced,stained by HE(hematoxylin-eosin)method and observed under an optical microscope.[Results]Compared with standard diet group,the body weight increased significantly(P<0.05),the serum TC,TG and LDL-C levels increased significantly(P<0.05),the serum HDL-C level declined significantly(P<0.05),and the ALT and AST levels increased significantly(P<0.05)in the high-fat diet groups.This trend was more obvious in the high-fat II group than the high-fat I group.After ATO intervention,the HDL-C,TBIL and TBA levels increased significantly(P<0.05),and the liver ALT and AST levels further increased(P<0.05)in the model groups.This trend was more obvious in the model II group than the model I group.The morphological inspection shows that the fat deposition in the liver tissues was severe;the hepatocytes in the model groups were obviously damaged;the liver injury in the hamsters fed high-fat diet containing 0.2%cholesterol and intervened with ATO was relatively mild but severer than the high-fat diet groups.[Conclusions]Hamster models of hyperlipidemia were successfully established in this study.High-fat diet could cause liver injury.While lowering blood lipid level,ATO aggravated liver injury.Among the high-fat diets with different proportions of cholesterol,the diet containing 0.2%cholesterol had little effect on ATO-induced liver injury.
文摘Malignant transformation of hamsterembryo cells was induced in vitro by rareearth iron mineral dusts(MP),naturalthorium(Th02) and MP plus Th02.Dusts of MP,MP plus Th02 or Th02 were added into themedium with the final concentration of 17.0,
基金Acknowledgment This work was supported by a grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China （No. 39970374）. The authors wish to thank Professor Yi-Pong Hu, Second Military Medical University of China, for his kindness in providing us the recombinant plasmid （pBR322-HBV）. We wish to thank Mr. Michael Talion of Shantou University Medical College, English Language Training Section for his assistance in proofreading this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the leaders of Shantou University Medical College.
文摘瞄准：在介绍经由在试管内授精(IVF ) 带 HBV DNA 进没有带的仓鼠卵母细胞的能动人的精子以后在早胚胎的房间检测肝炎 B (HBV ) 基因(HB S 和 C 基因) 的表示技术。方法：人的调停精子的 HBV 基因被 IVF 方法交付进没有带的仓鼠卵母细胞。聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 被用来检测在一个房间和二房间的胚胎两个都编码基因的 HB S 和 pre-Core/Core (pre-C/C ) 。反向的 transcription-PCR (RT-PCR ) 分析被用来学习二基因的表示。用杂交探查的全身的 HBV DNA 的荧光原位杂交(鱼) 分析被执行在主人证实病毒的 DNA 的集成胚胎的染色体。结果：HB S 和 pre-C/C 编码基因在一个房间在场、抄录，二房间的胚胎与带 HBV DNA 序列的人的精子从仓鼠卵 IVF 发源。结论：调停精子的 HBV 基因能在早胚胎的房间复制并且表示自己。这些结果提供 HBV DNA 能经由男细菌行垂直地传给下一代的直接证据。
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced liver injury in hamsters, and to elucidate a correlation between liver injury and bile acid profiles in the liver. METHODS: Liver injury was induced in hamsters by administration of 0.5% (w/w) CDCA in their feed for 7 d. UDCA (50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) was administered for the last 3 d of the experiment. RESULTS: At the end of the experiment, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased more than 10 times and the presence of liver injury was confirmed histologically. Marked increase in bile acids was observed in the liver. The amount of total bile acids increased approximately three-fold and was accompanied by the increase in hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and lithocholic acid (LCA). UDCA (50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) improved liver histology, with a significant decrease (679.3 ± 77.5 U/L vs 333.6 ± 50.4 U/L and 254.3 ± 35.5 U/ L, respectively, P < 0.01) in serum ALT level. UDCA decreased the concentrations of the hydrophobic bile acids, and as a result, a decrease in the total bile acid level in the liver was achieved. CONCLUSION: The results show that UDCA improves oral CDCA-induced liver damage in hamsters. The protective effects of UDCA appear to result from a decrease in the concentration of hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and LCA, which accumulate and show the cytotoxicity in the liver.
基金supported by 2003 Nutrition Research Fund of Chinese Nutrition Society
文摘Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) in these effects. Methods Twenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group (n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily), and control group (n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group). Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-α were determined. Results Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose (FSG), and insulin (FSI) were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase (HL), lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-α. Conclusion CGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-α facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.
基金supported by grants from the highly distinguished Oncology Subject Foundation of Colleges in Hebei Province
文摘Aim To investigate the role of the Chinese herbal medicine Xianhuayin on the reversal of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced premalignant mucosal lesions in the oral buccal pouch of golden hamsters. Methodology The animals were randomly divided into a non-diseased control group (n=5) and an experimental group including 50 animals in which the buccal mucosa had been painted with DMBA (0.5% in acetone) to generate an oral mucosa premalignant lesion. Animals in the experimental group were further divided into Xianhuayin-treated group (n=30), untreated premalignant lesion group (n=10) and normal saline (NS)-treated group (n=10). The cheek (buccal) pouch mucosa of the golden hamsters in each group was observed with light and electron microscopy eight weeks after intragastric administration with NS or Xianhuayin. Results In the non-diseased control group, the buccal mucosa was keratinized and stratified squamous epithelium under a light microscope. In the untreated premalignant lesion group, variable degrees of epithelial dysplasia was observed. The irregular epithelial mucosa gradually became distinct in the Xianhuayin-treated group. Scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) analysis showed that surface of the cells exhibited honeycomb structures in the hamster of untreated-group. The cells were morphologically irregular, overlapped and loosened in the untreated premalignant lesion group. Most of the cell surface exhibited honeycomb structure in the Xianhuayin-treated group. Transmission electronic microscopic (TEM) analysis showed that buccal mucosal epithelial cells were morphologically regular in the non-diseased control group. Desmosomes and tonofibrils were reduced and the nucleus was morphologically irregular in the untreated premalignant lesion group. In the Xianhuayin-treated group, the widening intercellular gap was gradually reduced, desmosomes and the cells becoming morphologically regular. No significant difference was observed between the hamsters in NS-treated group and those in the untreated premalignant lesion group. Significant therapeutic efficacy was observed in the group receiving Xianhuayin. Conclusion Xianhuayin is effective in the reversal of DMBA-induced premalignant lesions in the buccal pouch of golden hamsters.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30570442, 10225526)Hundred Talents Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Foundation of President, of The Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, CAS
文摘Magnetic resonance image (MRI) systems with a much higher magnetic flux densitywere developed and applied for potential use in medical diagnostic. Recently, much attention hasbeen paid to the biological effects of static, strong magnetic fields (SMF). With the 13 T SMFfacility in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the present study focusedon the cellular effects of the SMF with 13 T on the cell viability and the cell cycle distributionin immortalized hamster cells, such as human-hamster hybrid (A_L) cells, Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells, DNA double-strand break repair deficient mutant (XRS-5) cells, and human primaryskin fibroblasts (AG1522) cells. It was found that the exposure of 13 T SMF had less effect onthe colony formation in either nonsynchronized or synchronized A_L cells. Moreover, as comparedto non-exposed groups, there were slight differences in the cell cycle distribution no matter ineither synchronized or nonsynchronized immortalized hamster cells after exposure to 13 T SMF.However, it should be noted that the percentage of exposed AG1522 cells at G0/G1 phase wasdecreased by 10% as compared to the controls. Our data indicated that although 13 T SMF hadminimal effects in immortalized hamster cells, the cell cycle distribution was slightly modified bySMF in human primary fibroblasts.
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31270458, 31070367） and partly sup- ported by the grant from Zhejiang Province （pd2013374）
文摘Food restriction(FR) and refeeding(Re) have been suggested to impair body mass regulation and thereby making it easier to regain the lost weight and develop over-weight when FR ends. However, it is unclear if this is the case in small mammals showing seasonal forging behaviors. In the present study, energy budget, body fat and serum leptin level were measured in striped hamsters that were exposed to FR-Re. The effects of leptin on food intake, body fat and genes expressions of several hypothalamus neuropeptides were determined. Body mass, fat content and serum leptin level decreased during FR and then increased during Re. Leptin supplement significantly attenuated the increase in food intake during Re, decreased genes expressions of neuropepetide Y(NPY) and agouti-related protein(AgRP) of hypothalamus and leptin of white adipose tissue(WAT). Hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL) gene expression of WAT increased in leptin-treated hamsters that were fed ad libitum, but decreased in FR-Re hamsters. This indicates that the adaptive regulation of WAT HSL gene expression may be involved in the mobilization of fat storage during Re, which partly contributes to the resistance to FR-Re-induced overweight. Leptin may be involved in the down regulations of hypothalamus orexigenic peptides gene expression and consequently plays a crucial role in controlling food intake when FR ends.
文摘Objective To prepare the PrP specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can be used for the detection of mammalian prions and study of pathogenesis of prion diseases. Methods Several BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant hamster prion protein (HaPrP). Three hybridoma cell lines designated as B7, B9, and B10, secreting monoclonal antibodies against HaPrP, were established by hybridoma technique. The mAbs reactivities were evaluated with ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Results The mAbs produced by these cell lines reacted well with different recombinant hamster PrP proteins. Western blot analyses showed that mAbs B7 and B9 reacted with PrPSc from the scrapie-infected animals after proteinase K digestion with three glycosylated forms. The mAbs exhibited cross-reactivity with various PrPC from several other mammalian species, including humans and cattles. Immunohistochemistry assays confirmed that mAbs B7 and B9 could recognize not only extracellular but also intracellular PrPSc. Conclusion The mAbs of prion protein are successfully generated by hybridoma technique and can be applied for the diagnosis of prion associated diseases.
