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The effectiveness of the department of defense's field manual 3-11 in detecting,deterring and degrading the breach of a combat base by a human-borne with bioagent(HBBA):perceptions of security personnel
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作者 George Edafese Alakpa John W.Collins Jr 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2016年第2期66-72,共7页
Background: The department of defense's field manual(FM) 3-11 is among the military's field manuals for preparing for, reacting to and recovering from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attacks. Si... Background: The department of defense's field manual(FM) 3-11 is among the military's field manuals for preparing for, reacting to and recovering from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attacks. Since post 9-11, U.S. military service members have been deployed in the global war on terrorism. This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of the FM 3-11 in detecting, deterring or preventing a human-borne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist breach at an entry control point(ECP).Methods: This time-specific, cross-sectional study disseminated a validated survey tool with Cronbach's α>0.82 to respondents who have had antiterrorism training and combat ECP experience. The return rate was greater than 75.0%; however, many of the respondents failed to meet the inclusion criteria. Consequently, only 26 questionnaires were included in the sample.Results: The results revealed that while over 60.0% of the respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that biointelligence, the deployment of biodetectors and the use of biowarning systems could be effective in preventing an ECP breach by a terrorist with a bioagent, the use of protective equipment and immunization to decontaminate service members or other tactics, techniques and procedures(TTPs) would never prevent a breach. A large percentage of respondents claimed that soldiers at the ECP lacked the devices or the knowledge to detect an HBBA at an ECP, and 72.0% suggested modifying current ECP TTPs to include education, training and equipment for security personnel at military base ECPs.Conclusion: If obtained from appropriate sources and communicated to the personnel at the ECP in an effective or timely manner, the possible effectiveness of certain TTPs in the FM 3-11, specifically FM 3-11.86(intelligence), might increase. 展开更多
关键词 Do D FM 3-11 BIOTERRORISM Breach of COMBAT ECP hbba TERRORIST Security PERSONNEL Perception
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斑马鱼3号染色体血红蛋白基因敲除对心血管发育的影响 被引量:1
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作者 黄梓熙 孟琳 +1 位作者 陈良标 陈忠 《南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2023年第7期900-908,共9页
目的:研究斑马鱼3号染色体血红蛋白基因敲除后心血管发育的差异及可能的机制。方法:利用CRISPR/Cas9敲除斑马鱼3号染色体血红蛋白基因hbba2到hbae3片段,获得杂合突变体斑马鱼(Hb^(+/-))。检测Hb^(+/-)与野生型斑马鱼(WT)受精卵的血红蛋... 目的:研究斑马鱼3号染色体血红蛋白基因敲除后心血管发育的差异及可能的机制。方法:利用CRISPR/Cas9敲除斑马鱼3号染色体血红蛋白基因hbba2到hbae3片段,获得杂合突变体斑马鱼(Hb^(+/-))。检测Hb^(+/-)与野生型斑马鱼(WT)受精卵的血红蛋白含量及分布,观察血管的发育,统计两者5月龄红细胞数量,并采用成年斑马鱼心脏转录组测序分析,qRT⁃PCR进行验证。结果:Hb^(+/-)胚胎血红蛋白含量明显减少,且在受精后50 h的胚胎中异位分布。Hb^(+/-)腹部主血管与共同基静脉相对WT发育迟缓,肠下静脉发育更快,尾部节间血管增生;而Hb^(+/-)和WT成鱼红细胞数量的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对成年斑马鱼心脏转录组分析发现,血红蛋白水平降低导致nos2b、cybb上调,hif3a下调,并激活了线粒体的代偿保护机制。结论:血红蛋白基因敲除影响了胚胎时期斑马鱼的血红蛋白水平和血管发育,通过调控基因表达和线粒体的补偿机制可维持成鱼的正常生理活动。 展开更多
关键词 血红蛋白 心血管发育 CRISPR/Cas9 hbba2 hif3a
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The possibility of a human-borne with bioagent terrorist at foreign Forward Operating Bases entry control point:the perceptions of U.S. military or security personnel,a preliminary report
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作者 George Edafese Alakpa John W.Collins Jr 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2016年第1期22-27,共6页
Background:The global war on terrorism has prompted an increase in the deployment of security personnel from multi-national forces on foreign lands,especially in places where known terrorist groups are based.The aim o... Background:The global war on terrorism has prompted an increase in the deployment of security personnel from multi-national forces on foreign lands,especially in places where known terrorist groups are based.The aim of this study was to obtain U.S.military and security personnel's perceptions of the possibility of encountering a humanborne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist at an entry control point(ECP).Methods:This study was a mixed-method,cross-sectional,survey-based,time-limited study.A validated,five-option Likert scale questionnaire with Cronbach's alphas of 0.82 and 0.894 for Constructs 1 and 2 was distributed to over 113 respondents with combat experience.Results:The results indicated that 92.3% of the respondents thought it was possible for a terrorist to employ a biological agent to cause terror; 61.5% claimed it was either possible or very possible,and 26.9% claimed it was somewhat possible for a terrorist carrying a biological agent to successfully breach a combat Forward Operating Bases(FOB) ECP undetected.26.9% of the respondents agreed that "ECP soldiers are knowledgeable about bioagents(BA)",only 15.4% responded that ECP soldiers have effective devices for detecting a BA on a terrorist at an ECP.Conclusion:Despite some limitations,this pre-study tends to indicate that while many U.S.military or security personnel acknowledge the possibility of an HBBA terrorist breach and the vulnerability of U.S.combat post ECPs to a BA breach,the soldiers at the ECPs lack adequate knowledge or devices to effectively detect a BA on a terrorist at an ECP. 展开更多
关键词 Human-borne with bioagent(hbba) TERRORIST BIOTERRORISM Combat post ECP
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