Based on the newest experimentally extracted nuclear density distributions for double-magic nucleus208Pb(Tarbert et al. in Phys Rev Lett 112:242502, 2014),the sensitivity of α-decay half-life to nuclear skin thicknes...Based on the newest experimentally extracted nuclear density distributions for double-magic nucleus208Pb(Tarbert et al. in Phys Rev Lett 112:242502, 2014),the sensitivity of α-decay half-life to nuclear skin thickness is explored in the vicinity of the shell closure region around208 Pb, i.e., isotopes of Z ? 82 and isotones of N ? 126.With the two-parameter Fermi(2PF) density distributions and an analytically derived formula, the α-decay half-life is found to be closely related to the magnitude of nuclear skin thickness. For a decays to the Z ? 82 isotopes, the α-decay half-life is found to decrease with the increasing neutron skin thickness, while the opposite behavior is found for a decays to the N ? 126 isotones. Therefore, it could be a possible way to extract the nuclear skin thickness from measured α-decay half-lives.展开更多
Antibodies are currently the fastest growing class of therapeutic proteins. When antibody fragments are included, there are over thirty-five antibody-based medicines approved for human therapy. Many more antibody and ...Antibodies are currently the fastest growing class of therapeutic proteins. When antibody fragments are included, there are over thirty-five antibody-based medicines approved for human therapy. Many more antibody and antibody-like fragments are being evaluated clinically. Production of antibody fragments can be efficient and their compact size can allows for better tissue extravasation into solid tumors than full antibodies. Unfortunately, a key limitation of antibody fragments for systemic use is their short half-life in circulation. Prolonging their circulation half-life can be accomplished clinically by the covalent conjugation of the antibody fragment to the water-soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Many polymers and strategies are also being pursued to increase antibody fragment half-life.展开更多
The neutrons have been captured by Erbium nuclei which were received by using clinical electron linear accelerator. In this experiment, the possibility of the neutron capture process has been observed because of emitt...The neutrons have been captured by Erbium nuclei which were received by using clinical electron linear accelerator. In this experiment, the possibility of the neutron capture process has been observed because of emitted neutrons appearing in the experimental area. In particular,neutron capture of ^(170)Er nucleus has been observed. After the neutron capture of ^(170)Er nucleus, the unstable ^(171)Er has been formed and decayed into the ^(171)Tm. By using this reaction path, some transition energies of ^(171)Tm obtained from the residual activity measurements and the half-life of ^(171)Er have been determined, and they are in agreement with adopted values in the literature.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1)is an endogenous peptide that regulates blood glucose level.But its susceptibility to rapid metabolic degradation limits its therapeutic use.AIM To prepare GLP1-encapsulated nan...BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1)is an endogenous peptide that regulates blood glucose level.But its susceptibility to rapid metabolic degradation limits its therapeutic use.AIM To prepare GLP1-encapsulated nanosize particle with controlled release property to improve the systemic half-life of GLP1.METHODS GLP1 nanoparticles were prepared by complexation of GLP1 with carbonate apatite nanoparticles(CA NPs).The physicochemical properties of the CA NPs,the effects of GLP1-loaded CA NPs on cell viability,and the systemic bioavailability of GLP1 after CA NPs administration were determined.RESULTS The GLP1-loaded CA NPs was within 200 nm in size and stable in fetal bovine serum.The formulation did not affect the viability of human cell lines suggesting that the accumulation of CA NPs in target tissues is safe.In Sprague Dawley rats,the plasma GLP1 Levels as measured from the GLP1-loaded CA NPs-treated rats,were significantly higher than that of the control rats and free GLP1-treated rats at 1 h post-treatment(P<0.05),and the level remained higher than the other two groups for at least 4 h.CONCLUSION The GLP1-loaded CA NPs improved the plasma half-life of GLP1.The systemic bioavailability of GLP1 is longer than other GLP1 nanoparticles reported to date.展开更多
A radioactive nucleus is characterized with an intrinsic half-life. However, for a nuclear species, the half-lives inneutral atoms could be very different from that in highly charged ions. The half-lives of some highl...A radioactive nucleus is characterized with an intrinsic half-life. However, for a nuclear species, the half-lives inneutral atoms could be very different from that in highly charged ions. The half-lives of some highly charged ionshave been directly measured at GSI for multiple motivations[1]. In the same case, the nuclear state(i:e the isomer)may be in the range of several tens of microseconds and their half-live can be measured using isochronous massspectrometry. The J = 8+ isomeric state in 94Ru was chosen to test this method. The half-life of this isomer is71 s [2] in neutral atoms, and the excitation energy is 2.64 MeV. The internal conversion coefficient of this decayin neutral atom is 0.335. So its half-life in the bare nucleus would be modified to be 94.78 s when the internalconversion channel is blocked.展开更多
In this paper,by considering the electrons in different external environments,including neutral atoms,a metal,and an extremely strong magnetic-field environment,the screened a-decay half-lives of the a emitters with p...In this paper,by considering the electrons in different external environments,including neutral atoms,a metal,and an extremely strong magnetic-field environment,the screened a-decay half-lives of the a emitters with proton number Z = 52–105 are systematically calculated.In the external environment,the decay energy and the interaction potential between a particle and daughter nucleus are both changed due to the electron screening effect and their variations are both very important for the electron screening effect.Besides,the electron screening effect is found to be closely related to the decay energy and its proton number.展开更多
MeV/u 18O ions were used to bombard natural uranium targets, and the heavy neutron-rich isotope 237Th was produced via multi-nucleon transfer reaction and dissipative fragmentation of the heavy target. A relatively fa...MeV/u 18O ions were used to bombard natural uranium targets, and the heavy neutron-rich isotope 237Th was produced via multi-nucleon transfer reaction and dissipative fragmentation of the heavy target. A relatively fast radiochemical procedure was used to separate thorium from the mixture of uranium and complex reaction products. The chemically separated thorium fractions were studied by the 7-ray spectroscopic method. The behaviors of the growth and decay of 853.7 and 865.0 keV-γrays of 237Pa decay were observed. The half-life of 237Th was determined to be 4.69±0.60 nun.展开更多
A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated...A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated for water exchange by filtering the tidal signal from the concentrations of a conservative substance. In a control run driven by the tide, without external inputs and an open boundary concentration of zero, it was estimated that the average half-life time in QZB was 54.8 d. Numerical experiments showed that wind accounted for an 11.9% reduction in the half-life time to 48.3 d. When rivers were included in the model, the half-life time decreased by 74.6% to 13.9 d. Sensitivity experiments showed that the half-life time for water exchange was greatly affected by the concentration of the conservative substance which was used at the open boundary. In response to 10,20, 30, and 40% increases in the boundary concentration, the half-life time increased to 91.5, 168.3, 186.2, and 229.1 d,respectively. Results also suggested that for coastal bays with large intertidal areas such as QZB, consideration of the wet and dry processes produced more accurate simulations of the hydrodynamics and the half-life times. Simulations, which did not incorporate wet and dry processes, were more than likely to have overestimated or underestimated the half-life times for water exchange.展开更多
The binding of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) soluble receptor (rh-M-CSF-sR) to membrane-bound macrophage colony stimulating factor (m-M-CSF) and the internalization and recycling of rh...The binding of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) soluble receptor (rh-M-CSF-sR) to membrane-bound macrophage colony stimulating factor (m-M-CSF) and the internalization and recycling of rh-M-CSF-sR/m-M-CSF complexes mediated by m-M-CSF were studied with a model of J6-1 cell line. The results indicated that m-M-CSF bound rh-M-CSF-sR with high affinity (Kd= 1.78×10 12 mol/L) and mediated a temperature- and energy-dependent internalization of rh-M-CSF-sR, and that internalized rh-M-CSF-sR could return to the cell surface in an m-M-CSF-bound state, suggesting that m-M-CSF may have a capability to mediate the internalization and recycling of rh-M-CSF-sR/m-M-CSF complexes. In addition, the half-lives of cell-associated M-CSF and its receptor of stimulated normal human cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and 4 leukemic cell lines were measured by indirect immunoflu-orescence and flow cytometry. The results showed that the half-lives of the various kinds of M-CSF isoforms and展开更多
β-decay half-life is a key quantity for nuclear structure and nucleosynthesis studies.There exist large uncertainties in the contributions of allowed and forbidden transitions to the totalβ-decay life,which limits t...β-decay half-life is a key quantity for nuclear structure and nucleosynthesis studies.There exist large uncertainties in the contributions of allowed and forbidden transitions to the totalβ-decay life,which limits the resolution of the predictedβ-decay half-life.We systematically study the contribution of the first forbidden(FF)transitions to theβ--decay half-life,and quantify it with a formula based on simple physics considerations.We also propose a new formula for calculation of theβ--decay half-life that includes the FF contribution.It is shown that the inclusion of the contribution of FF transitions significantly improves the precision of calculations of theβ--decay half-life.By fitting of the RQRPA results for neutron-rich Z=47,57 isotopes and N=80,94 isotones,the formula for the contribution of the FF transitions gives similar results as the RQRPA calculations.However,because of limited experimental data for the branching ratios of unstable nuclei,the fit parameters are not fully constrained.Therefore,the proposed formula for theβ--decay half-life is more suitable for calculations of half-lives than of the FF contributions.The formula could be used to predict theβ?-decay half-life in nuclear structure studies as well as nucleosynthesis calculations in stars.展开更多
The isomeric ratio of^(184m,g)Re and the half-life of^(184g)Re were measured in the ^(185)Re(n,2n)^(184)Re reaction at 14.8 MeV,and the uncertainty was discussed in detail.The measurements were performed using the act...The isomeric ratio of^(184m,g)Re and the half-life of^(184g)Re were measured in the ^(185)Re(n,2n)^(184)Re reaction at 14.8 MeV,and the uncertainty was discussed in detail.The measurements were performed using the activation method implemented for a rhenium sample using the K-400 neutron generator at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP).Isomeric state and ground state nuclei of ^(184)Re were identified by their γ-ray spectra.To eliminate the effect of the γ-ray emitted from the isomer on the counting of the ground state characteristic peaks,the isomeric ratio of^(184m,g)Re was calculated to be 0.29±0.11 according to the neutron activation cross-section formula.This result is consistent with previous data within the uncertainty and can be used to determine parameters that characterize the dependence of the level density on the excitation energy and angular momentum.Through exponential function fitting and a detailed discussion of the uncertainty evaluation,the half-life of^(184g)Re was determined as 35.43±0.16 d,which is consistent with the currently recommended value;however,the uncertainty assessment of the latter was barely documented.In addition,this study indicates that the half-life of the ground state can be obtained by eliminating the contamination of γ-rays emitted from the isomer,which provides the possibility of determining the half-lives of nuclides containing isomers.展开更多
Purpose Due to the few reports on the^(91)Sr half-life previously,the accuracy and uncertainty of the results are difficult to meet the requirements such as calculating the cross section and thefission yields of 235U,23...Purpose Due to the few reports on the^(91)Sr half-life previously,the accuracy and uncertainty of the results are difficult to meet the requirements such as calculating the cross section and thefission yields of 235U,238U,and 239Pu.To solve the discrepancy of^(91)Sr half-life in existing experimental data,the half-life of^(91)Sr was measured in this work,and the uncertainty was discussed in detail.Method The measurements were performed by the activation method implemented for the uranium sample using the K-400 neutron generator at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP).The half-life of^(91)Sr was measured byγ-ray spectrometry using the high-resolution High Purity Germanium(HPGe)Detector.Results Through exponential functionfitting and a detailed discussion of the uncertainty evaluation,the half-life of^(91)Sr in the present work was determined to be 9.65±0.30 h,which was consistent with the values reported previously and the uncertainty was reduced greatly,however,the uncertainty assessment of the latter was barely documented.Conclusions In this work,a more accurate measurement of the^(91)Sr half-life is provided,as well as the uncertainty is discussed in detail.This result will provide essential information for applications using an activation method,such as the calculation offission yields of 235U,238U,and 239Pu.展开更多
The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) is an effective method for the determination of the half-life of long-lived radionuclides. In this paper, we report a method for measurement of the half-life of79 Se. The number ...The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) is an effective method for the determination of the half-life of long-lived radionuclides. In this paper, we report a method for measurement of the half-life of79 Se. The number of79 Se atoms was determined from measured79Se/Se absolute ratios with the AMS system at the China Institute of Atomic Energy and the decay rate of79 Se was determined by counting the emitted β-rays with a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The major improvements of our measurements include using the high abundance of an79 Se sample which was cooled for many years to exclude the interference of short-lived nuclides, the extraction of SeO-2molecular ions, that results in a suppression of the79 Br background by as much as about five orders of magnitude. Also, an AMS measurement of the absolute ratio of79Se/Se was developed to avoid systematic errors. The results show that79Se/Se is(2.35±0.12)×10-7in the reference sample and the radioactivity of79 Se is(1.24±0.05) Bq/g, so the half-life of79 Se is(2.78±0.18)×105a.展开更多
We know that the ground state energy, half-life, spin and parity of the heavy nuclei can be determined via the study of alpha decay. Bearing this in mind, we have calculated the penetration probability in the barrier,...We know that the ground state energy, half-life, spin and parity of the heavy nuclei can be determined via the study of alpha decay. Bearing this in mind, we have calculated the penetration probability in the barrier, the decay constant and thereby the half-lives of 21 isotopes of Bi by using the proximity potential model. The comparison with the existing data is motivating.展开更多
We present a formula for proton radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters with the inclusion of the spectroscopic factor. The coefficients in the formula are calibrated with the available experimental data...We present a formula for proton radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters with the inclusion of the spectroscopic factor. The coefficients in the formula are calibrated with the available experimental data. As an input to calculate the half-life, the spectroscopic factor that characterizes the important information on nuclear structure should be obtained with a nuclear many-body approach. This formula is found to work quite well, and in better agreement with experimental measurements than other theoretical models. Therefore, it can be used as a powerful tool in the investigation of proton emission, in particular for experimentalists.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11175085,11235001,11375086,and 11120101005)the 973 Program of China(No.2013CB834400)+1 种基金the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics,Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.Y5KF141CJ1)
文摘Based on the newest experimentally extracted nuclear density distributions for double-magic nucleus208Pb(Tarbert et al. in Phys Rev Lett 112:242502, 2014),the sensitivity of α-decay half-life to nuclear skin thickness is explored in the vicinity of the shell closure region around208 Pb, i.e., isotopes of Z ? 82 and isotones of N ? 126.With the two-parameter Fermi(2PF) density distributions and an analytically derived formula, the α-decay half-life is found to be closely related to the magnitude of nuclear skin thickness. For a decays to the Z ? 82 isotopes, the α-decay half-life is found to decrease with the increasing neutron skin thickness, while the opposite behavior is found for a decays to the N ? 126 isotones. Therefore, it could be a possible way to extract the nuclear skin thickness from measured α-decay half-lives.
文摘Antibodies are currently the fastest growing class of therapeutic proteins. When antibody fragments are included, there are over thirty-five antibody-based medicines approved for human therapy. Many more antibody and antibody-like fragments are being evaluated clinically. Production of antibody fragments can be efficient and their compact size can allows for better tissue extravasation into solid tumors than full antibodies. Unfortunately, a key limitation of antibody fragments for systemic use is their short half-life in circulation. Prolonging their circulation half-life can be accomplished clinically by the covalent conjugation of the antibody fragment to the water-soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Many polymers and strategies are also being pursued to increase antibody fragment half-life.
基金supported by the Sinop University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.Project Number:FEF-1901-14-04,2014
文摘The neutrons have been captured by Erbium nuclei which were received by using clinical electron linear accelerator. In this experiment, the possibility of the neutron capture process has been observed because of emitted neutrons appearing in the experimental area. In particular,neutron capture of ^(170)Er nucleus has been observed. After the neutron capture of ^(170)Er nucleus, the unstable ^(171)Er has been formed and decayed into the ^(171)Tm. By using this reaction path, some transition energies of ^(171)Tm obtained from the residual activity measurements and the half-life of ^(171)Er have been determined, and they are in agreement with adopted values in the literature.
基金Supported by an FRGS grant from the Ministry of Education,Malaysia,No.FRGS/2/2014/SG05/MUSM/03/1.
文摘BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1)is an endogenous peptide that regulates blood glucose level.But its susceptibility to rapid metabolic degradation limits its therapeutic use.AIM To prepare GLP1-encapsulated nanosize particle with controlled release property to improve the systemic half-life of GLP1.METHODS GLP1 nanoparticles were prepared by complexation of GLP1 with carbonate apatite nanoparticles(CA NPs).The physicochemical properties of the CA NPs,the effects of GLP1-loaded CA NPs on cell viability,and the systemic bioavailability of GLP1 after CA NPs administration were determined.RESULTS The GLP1-loaded CA NPs was within 200 nm in size and stable in fetal bovine serum.The formulation did not affect the viability of human cell lines suggesting that the accumulation of CA NPs in target tissues is safe.In Sprague Dawley rats,the plasma GLP1 Levels as measured from the GLP1-loaded CA NPs-treated rats,were significantly higher than that of the control rats and free GLP1-treated rats at 1 h post-treatment(P<0.05),and the level remained higher than the other two groups for at least 4 h.CONCLUSION The GLP1-loaded CA NPs improved the plasma half-life of GLP1.The systemic bioavailability of GLP1 is longer than other GLP1 nanoparticles reported to date.
文摘A radioactive nucleus is characterized with an intrinsic half-life. However, for a nuclear species, the half-lives inneutral atoms could be very different from that in highly charged ions. The half-lives of some highly charged ionshave been directly measured at GSI for multiple motivations[1]. In the same case, the nuclear state(i:e the isomer)may be in the range of several tens of microseconds and their half-live can be measured using isochronous massspectrometry. The J = 8+ isomeric state in 94Ru was chosen to test this method. The half-life of this isomer is71 s [2] in neutral atoms, and the excitation energy is 2.64 MeV. The internal conversion coefficient of this decayin neutral atom is 0.335. So its half-life in the bare nucleus would be modified to be 94.78 s when the internalconversion channel is blocked.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11175085,11235001,11375086,and 11120101005)by the 973 Program of China(No.2013CB834400)+1 种基金by the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)by the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics,Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.Y5KF141CJ1)
文摘In this paper,by considering the electrons in different external environments,including neutral atoms,a metal,and an extremely strong magnetic-field environment,the screened a-decay half-lives of the a emitters with proton number Z = 52–105 are systematically calculated.In the external environment,the decay energy and the interaction potential between a particle and daughter nucleus are both changed due to the electron screening effect and their variations are both very important for the electron screening effect.Besides,the electron screening effect is found to be closely related to the decay energy and its proton number.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10075063), Major State Basic Research Development Program (G20000
文摘MeV/u 18O ions were used to bombard natural uranium targets, and the heavy neutron-rich isotope 237Th was produced via multi-nucleon transfer reaction and dissipative fragmentation of the heavy target. A relatively fast radiochemical procedure was used to separate thorium from the mixture of uranium and complex reaction products. The chemically separated thorium fractions were studied by the 7-ray spectroscopic method. The behaviors of the growth and decay of 853.7 and 865.0 keV-γrays of 237Pa decay were observed. The half-life of 237Th was determined to be 4.69±0.60 nun.
基金supported by the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(Grant No.U1406404)the Fundamental Research Funds for National Public Research Institutes of China(Grant No.2014T01)+2 种基金the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(Grant No. GASI-03-IPOVAI-05)supported by the AoShan Talents Programthe Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Grant No. 2015ASTP)
文摘A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated for water exchange by filtering the tidal signal from the concentrations of a conservative substance. In a control run driven by the tide, without external inputs and an open boundary concentration of zero, it was estimated that the average half-life time in QZB was 54.8 d. Numerical experiments showed that wind accounted for an 11.9% reduction in the half-life time to 48.3 d. When rivers were included in the model, the half-life time decreased by 74.6% to 13.9 d. Sensitivity experiments showed that the half-life time for water exchange was greatly affected by the concentration of the conservative substance which was used at the open boundary. In response to 10,20, 30, and 40% increases in the boundary concentration, the half-life time increased to 91.5, 168.3, 186.2, and 229.1 d,respectively. Results also suggested that for coastal bays with large intertidal areas such as QZB, consideration of the wet and dry processes produced more accurate simulations of the hydrodynamics and the half-life times. Simulations, which did not incorporate wet and dry processes, were more than likely to have overestimated or underestimated the half-life times for water exchange.
文摘The binding of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) soluble receptor (rh-M-CSF-sR) to membrane-bound macrophage colony stimulating factor (m-M-CSF) and the internalization and recycling of rh-M-CSF-sR/m-M-CSF complexes mediated by m-M-CSF were studied with a model of J6-1 cell line. The results indicated that m-M-CSF bound rh-M-CSF-sR with high affinity (Kd= 1.78×10 12 mol/L) and mediated a temperature- and energy-dependent internalization of rh-M-CSF-sR, and that internalized rh-M-CSF-sR could return to the cell surface in an m-M-CSF-bound state, suggesting that m-M-CSF may have a capability to mediate the internalization and recycling of rh-M-CSF-sR/m-M-CSF complexes. In addition, the half-lives of cell-associated M-CSF and its receptor of stimulated normal human cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and 4 leukemic cell lines were measured by indirect immunoflu-orescence and flow cytometry. The results showed that the half-lives of the various kinds of M-CSF isoforms and
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11565010,U1731218,11761161001)the Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province((2015)4015,(2016)-4008))the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT) of Macao(020/2014/A1,008/2017/AFJ,119/2017/A3)
文摘β-decay half-life is a key quantity for nuclear structure and nucleosynthesis studies.There exist large uncertainties in the contributions of allowed and forbidden transitions to the totalβ-decay life,which limits the resolution of the predictedβ-decay half-life.We systematically study the contribution of the first forbidden(FF)transitions to theβ--decay half-life,and quantify it with a formula based on simple physics considerations.We also propose a new formula for calculation of theβ--decay half-life that includes the FF contribution.It is shown that the inclusion of the contribution of FF transitions significantly improves the precision of calculations of theβ--decay half-life.By fitting of the RQRPA results for neutron-rich Z=47,57 isotopes and N=80,94 isotones,the formula for the contribution of the FF transitions gives similar results as the RQRPA calculations.However,because of limited experimental data for the branching ratios of unstable nuclei,the fit parameters are not fully constrained.Therefore,the proposed formula for theβ--decay half-life is more suitable for calculations of half-lives than of the FF contributions.The formula could be used to predict theβ?-decay half-life in nuclear structure studies as well as nucleosynthesis calculations in stars.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11975113)。
文摘The isomeric ratio of^(184m,g)Re and the half-life of^(184g)Re were measured in the ^(185)Re(n,2n)^(184)Re reaction at 14.8 MeV,and the uncertainty was discussed in detail.The measurements were performed using the activation method implemented for a rhenium sample using the K-400 neutron generator at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP).Isomeric state and ground state nuclei of ^(184)Re were identified by their γ-ray spectra.To eliminate the effect of the γ-ray emitted from the isomer on the counting of the ground state characteristic peaks,the isomeric ratio of^(184m,g)Re was calculated to be 0.29±0.11 according to the neutron activation cross-section formula.This result is consistent with previous data within the uncertainty and can be used to determine parameters that characterize the dependence of the level density on the excitation energy and angular momentum.Through exponential function fitting and a detailed discussion of the uncertainty evaluation,the half-life of^(184g)Re was determined as 35.43±0.16 d,which is consistent with the currently recommended value;however,the uncertainty assessment of the latter was barely documented.In addition,this study indicates that the half-life of the ground state can be obtained by eliminating the contamination of γ-rays emitted from the isomer,which provides the possibility of determining the half-lives of nuclides containing isomers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11975113).
文摘Purpose Due to the few reports on the^(91)Sr half-life previously,the accuracy and uncertainty of the results are difficult to meet the requirements such as calculating the cross section and thefission yields of 235U,238U,and 239Pu.To solve the discrepancy of^(91)Sr half-life in existing experimental data,the half-life of^(91)Sr was measured in this work,and the uncertainty was discussed in detail.Method The measurements were performed by the activation method implemented for the uranium sample using the K-400 neutron generator at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP).The half-life of^(91)Sr was measured byγ-ray spectrometry using the high-resolution High Purity Germanium(HPGe)Detector.Results Through exponential functionfitting and a detailed discussion of the uncertainty evaluation,the half-life of^(91)Sr in the present work was determined to be 9.65±0.30 h,which was consistent with the values reported previously and the uncertainty was reduced greatly,however,the uncertainty assessment of the latter was barely documented.Conclusions In this work,a more accurate measurement of the^(91)Sr half-life is provided,as well as the uncertainty is discussed in detail.This result will provide essential information for applications using an activation method,such as the calculation offission yields of 235U,238U,and 239Pu.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11175266)
文摘The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) is an effective method for the determination of the half-life of long-lived radionuclides. In this paper, we report a method for measurement of the half-life of79 Se. The number of79 Se atoms was determined from measured79Se/Se absolute ratios with the AMS system at the China Institute of Atomic Energy and the decay rate of79 Se was determined by counting the emitted β-rays with a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The major improvements of our measurements include using the high abundance of an79 Se sample which was cooled for many years to exclude the interference of short-lived nuclides, the extraction of SeO-2molecular ions, that results in a suppression of the79 Br background by as much as about five orders of magnitude. Also, an AMS measurement of the absolute ratio of79Se/Se was developed to avoid systematic errors. The results show that79Se/Se is(2.35±0.12)×10-7in the reference sample and the radioactivity of79 Se is(1.24±0.05) Bq/g, so the half-life of79 Se is(2.78±0.18)×105a.
文摘We know that the ground state energy, half-life, spin and parity of the heavy nuclei can be determined via the study of alpha decay. Bearing this in mind, we have calculated the penetration probability in the barrier, the decay constant and thereby the half-lives of 21 isotopes of Bi by using the proximity potential model. The comparison with the existing data is motivating.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11435014,11405223,11675265,11575112)the 973 Program of China(2013CB834401,2013CB834405)+3 种基金National Key Program for S&T Research and Development(2016YFA0400501)the Knowledge Innovation Project(KJCX2-EW-N01)of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(11321064)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We present a formula for proton radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters with the inclusion of the spectroscopic factor. The coefficients in the formula are calibrated with the available experimental data. As an input to calculate the half-life, the spectroscopic factor that characterizes the important information on nuclear structure should be obtained with a nuclear many-body approach. This formula is found to work quite well, and in better agreement with experimental measurements than other theoretical models. Therefore, it can be used as a powerful tool in the investigation of proton emission, in particular for experimentalists.
