We analyze here the keys of the original approach about the twofold cost: the return to the asexuality starting with a mutant female, with the same reproductive capacity than a sexual one, and with double genetic-repr...We analyze here the keys of the original approach about the twofold cost: the return to the asexuality starting with a mutant female, with the same reproductive capacity than a sexual one, and with double genetic-reproductive success. We propose a new approach in which 1) all individuals in a population have regulatory mechanisms of reproductive mode, and when such change occurs, it happens in all its population at the same time;2) after a change of reproductive mode in the population there can be variations in average offspring per female, according to the environmental quality;and 3) the genetic-reproductive success of the males and its unequal paternity success are accounted for. Results: The most advantageous reproductive strategy depends on the demographic situation of the population and the degree of the unequal paternity success of males. For harem values observed in nature and in populations with moderate growth rate, stable or decreasing population, the sexual strategy is advantageous. If the population growth rate is high, the asexual strategy is advantageous. In species subject to high demographic fluctuations the best strategy depends on the ability to predict the time of occurrence of the population bottleneck: if predictable, the best strategy is the alternation of generations, if not, permanent parthenogenesis.展开更多
Fatma Aliye Harem （1862-1936） was one of the first writers to focus on the women＇s issues in her novels in the Ottoman Empire. She also published a large number of articles focusing on women in varying journals, in...Fatma Aliye Harem （1862-1936） was one of the first writers to focus on the women＇s issues in her novels in the Ottoman Empire. She also published a large number of articles focusing on women in varying journals, in addition to her active role in women＇s associations. Her work did not remain limited with Literature but extended to the other fields such as Education, Sociology, History and Philosophy. This article analyzes her contributions to the Ottoman History via her two historical works： Tarih-i Osmaninin Bir Devre-i Miihimmesi： Kosova Zaferi-Ankara Hezimeti （An Important Era of the Ottoman History： Victory in Kosovo-Defeat in Ankara） published in 1912/1913 and Ahmet Cevdet Papa ve Zaman： （Ahmet Cevdet Pasha and His Time） published in 1914. Her former work analyzes the significance of the Battle of Kosova （1389） and the Battle of Ankara （I 402） for the Ottoman History. Her latter work is a biographical account of his father, Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, who was an Ottoman intellectual, bureaucrat, administrator, and last but not least, a historian. This work focuses on the significance of these two works for Turkish Historiography.展开更多
文摘We analyze here the keys of the original approach about the twofold cost: the return to the asexuality starting with a mutant female, with the same reproductive capacity than a sexual one, and with double genetic-reproductive success. We propose a new approach in which 1) all individuals in a population have regulatory mechanisms of reproductive mode, and when such change occurs, it happens in all its population at the same time;2) after a change of reproductive mode in the population there can be variations in average offspring per female, according to the environmental quality;and 3) the genetic-reproductive success of the males and its unequal paternity success are accounted for. Results: The most advantageous reproductive strategy depends on the demographic situation of the population and the degree of the unequal paternity success of males. For harem values observed in nature and in populations with moderate growth rate, stable or decreasing population, the sexual strategy is advantageous. If the population growth rate is high, the asexual strategy is advantageous. In species subject to high demographic fluctuations the best strategy depends on the ability to predict the time of occurrence of the population bottleneck: if predictable, the best strategy is the alternation of generations, if not, permanent parthenogenesis.
文摘Fatma Aliye Harem （1862-1936） was one of the first writers to focus on the women＇s issues in her novels in the Ottoman Empire. She also published a large number of articles focusing on women in varying journals, in addition to her active role in women＇s associations. Her work did not remain limited with Literature but extended to the other fields such as Education, Sociology, History and Philosophy. This article analyzes her contributions to the Ottoman History via her two historical works： Tarih-i Osmaninin Bir Devre-i Miihimmesi： Kosova Zaferi-Ankara Hezimeti （An Important Era of the Ottoman History： Victory in Kosovo-Defeat in Ankara） published in 1912/1913 and Ahmet Cevdet Papa ve Zaman： （Ahmet Cevdet Pasha and His Time） published in 1914. Her former work analyzes the significance of the Battle of Kosova （1389） and the Battle of Ankara （I 402） for the Ottoman History. Her latter work is a biographical account of his father, Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, who was an Ottoman intellectual, bureaucrat, administrator, and last but not least, a historian. This work focuses on the significance of these two works for Turkish Historiography.
