AIM:To investigate the effects of Sonic hedgehog(Shh)gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)survival in diabetic mice.METHODS:Bone marrow...AIM:To investigate the effects of Sonic hedgehog(Shh)gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)survival in diabetic mice.METHODS:Bone marrow-derived MSCs were genetically modified with the Shh gene to generate a stably transfected cell line of Shh-modified MSCs(MSC-Shh).Intravitreal injections of MSC-Shh and green fluorescent protein-modified MSCs(MSC-Gfp;control)were administered in diabetic mice.After 4wk,the effects of MSC-Shh on retinal gliosis were evaluated using fundus photography,and markers of gliosis were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The neurotrophic factors expression and RGCs survival in the host retina were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence.The mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC-Shh was investigated.RESULTS:A significant reduction of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)was observed after intravitreal injection of MSC-Shh compared to MSC-Gfp.Significant downregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was demonstrated in the host retina after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp.The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),protein kinase B(AKT)and phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase(PI3K)pathways were significantly downregulated after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF)levels were significantly increased in the host retina,and RGCs loss was significantly prevented after MSC-Shh administration.CONCLUSION:MSC-Shh administration reduces graft-induced reactive gliosis following intravitreal injection in diabetic mice.The ERK1/2,AKT and PI3K pathways are involved in this process.MSC-Shh also increases the levels of neurotrophic factors in the host retina and promoted RGCs survival in diabetic mice.展开更多
Vaccarin,a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Vaccaria segetalis,is non-toxic to 3T3-L1 cells up to concentrations of 200μM.Accordingly,we investigated the effects of this natural product on adipogenesis and lipolysis...Vaccarin,a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Vaccaria segetalis,is non-toxic to 3T3-L1 cells up to concentrations of 200μM.Accordingly,we investigated the effects of this natural product on adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Our results revealed that vaccarin significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by suppressing the adipogenesis-related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinα(C/EBPα).Specifically,lipid accumulation decreased by up to 27.7±2.7%when 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with a 10μM concentration of vaccarin.Mechanistic studies showed that the compound inhibited adipogenesis through activation of the Hedgehog(Hh)signaling pathway and so restoring Smo and Gli1 expression at an early stage of differentiation.In mature 3T3-L1 cells,vaccarin significantly increased the secretion of glycerol into the surrounding medium and thus indicating that it accelerated the degradation of triglycerides.In addition,vaccarin,was shown to enhance lipolysis through stimulation of the transcription levels of lipoprotein lipase,monoglycerides lipase,adipose triacylglyceride lipase,hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose differentiated-related protein.All told,vaccarin suppressed lipid accumulation and enhanced lipolysis during adipocyte differentiation by restoring Hh signaling.As such,it is a phytochemical capable of halting adipocyte hyperplasia and,thereby,ameliorating the effects of obesity.展开更多
目的由Hedgehog信号通路探讨补肾方药左归丸对卵巢切除所致骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)大鼠的作用机理。方法选用雌性SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、假手术组、造模组。造模组切除双侧卵巢,假手术组不切除卵巢,仅切除卵巢周围少量脂肪组...目的由Hedgehog信号通路探讨补肾方药左归丸对卵巢切除所致骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)大鼠的作用机理。方法选用雌性SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、假手术组、造模组。造模组切除双侧卵巢,假手术组不切除卵巢,仅切除卵巢周围少量脂肪组织。12周后,将造模组随机分为卵巢切除组(OVX组)、阳性对照组和左归丸组。阳性对照组灌服戊酸雌二醇混悬液,左归丸组灌服左归丸水煎液,OVX组灌服等体积纯水,给药13周后取材。通过Micro-CT检测各组骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),免疫组化法(immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测各组胫骨骨髓基质细胞中Ihh、Ptch、Smo、Gli1、OPG、RANKL的蛋白表达。结果假手术组骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)高于OVX组、阳性对照组、左归丸组,且OVX组BMD较阳性对照组、左归丸组更低;OVX组Hedgehog信号通路关键因子Ihh、Ptch、Smo、GLi1蛋白表达水平以及RANKL/OPG比值较假手术组明显增高;阳性对照组和左归丸组Ihh、Ptch、Smo、GLi1蛋白表达水平及RANKL/OPG比值均低于OVX组,但仍高于假手术组。结论左归丸可抑制卵巢切除所致的Hedgehog信号通路异常活跃,使其关键因子Ihh、Ptch、Smo、GLi1蛋白表达水平明显降低;进而降低RANKL/OPG比值,抑制破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)活性,减少骨量流失。展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A0303130293,No.2023A1515012470).
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of Sonic hedgehog(Shh)gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)survival in diabetic mice.METHODS:Bone marrow-derived MSCs were genetically modified with the Shh gene to generate a stably transfected cell line of Shh-modified MSCs(MSC-Shh).Intravitreal injections of MSC-Shh and green fluorescent protein-modified MSCs(MSC-Gfp;control)were administered in diabetic mice.After 4wk,the effects of MSC-Shh on retinal gliosis were evaluated using fundus photography,and markers of gliosis were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The neurotrophic factors expression and RGCs survival in the host retina were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence.The mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC-Shh was investigated.RESULTS:A significant reduction of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)was observed after intravitreal injection of MSC-Shh compared to MSC-Gfp.Significant downregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was demonstrated in the host retina after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp.The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),protein kinase B(AKT)and phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase(PI3K)pathways were significantly downregulated after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF)levels were significantly increased in the host retina,and RGCs loss was significantly prevented after MSC-Shh administration.CONCLUSION:MSC-Shh administration reduces graft-induced reactive gliosis following intravitreal injection in diabetic mice.The ERK1/2,AKT and PI3K pathways are involved in this process.MSC-Shh also increases the levels of neurotrophic factors in the host retina and promoted RGCs survival in diabetic mice.
基金This work was graciously supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(Grant 31901725 and 32201933)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(Grant 202201010170).
文摘Vaccarin,a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Vaccaria segetalis,is non-toxic to 3T3-L1 cells up to concentrations of 200μM.Accordingly,we investigated the effects of this natural product on adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Our results revealed that vaccarin significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by suppressing the adipogenesis-related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinα(C/EBPα).Specifically,lipid accumulation decreased by up to 27.7±2.7%when 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with a 10μM concentration of vaccarin.Mechanistic studies showed that the compound inhibited adipogenesis through activation of the Hedgehog(Hh)signaling pathway and so restoring Smo and Gli1 expression at an early stage of differentiation.In mature 3T3-L1 cells,vaccarin significantly increased the secretion of glycerol into the surrounding medium and thus indicating that it accelerated the degradation of triglycerides.In addition,vaccarin,was shown to enhance lipolysis through stimulation of the transcription levels of lipoprotein lipase,monoglycerides lipase,adipose triacylglyceride lipase,hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose differentiated-related protein.All told,vaccarin suppressed lipid accumulation and enhanced lipolysis during adipocyte differentiation by restoring Hh signaling.As such,it is a phytochemical capable of halting adipocyte hyperplasia and,thereby,ameliorating the effects of obesity.
文摘目的由Hedgehog信号通路探讨补肾方药左归丸对卵巢切除所致骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)大鼠的作用机理。方法选用雌性SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、假手术组、造模组。造模组切除双侧卵巢,假手术组不切除卵巢,仅切除卵巢周围少量脂肪组织。12周后,将造模组随机分为卵巢切除组(OVX组)、阳性对照组和左归丸组。阳性对照组灌服戊酸雌二醇混悬液,左归丸组灌服左归丸水煎液,OVX组灌服等体积纯水,给药13周后取材。通过Micro-CT检测各组骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),免疫组化法(immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测各组胫骨骨髓基质细胞中Ihh、Ptch、Smo、Gli1、OPG、RANKL的蛋白表达。结果假手术组骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)高于OVX组、阳性对照组、左归丸组,且OVX组BMD较阳性对照组、左归丸组更低;OVX组Hedgehog信号通路关键因子Ihh、Ptch、Smo、GLi1蛋白表达水平以及RANKL/OPG比值较假手术组明显增高;阳性对照组和左归丸组Ihh、Ptch、Smo、GLi1蛋白表达水平及RANKL/OPG比值均低于OVX组,但仍高于假手术组。结论左归丸可抑制卵巢切除所致的Hedgehog信号通路异常活跃,使其关键因子Ihh、Ptch、Smo、GLi1蛋白表达水平明显降低;进而降低RANKL/OPG比值,抑制破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)活性,减少骨量流失。
