Human activities in a transborder watershed are complex under the influence of domestic policies,international relations,and global events.Understanding the forces driving human activity change is important for the de...Human activities in a transborder watershed are complex under the influence of domestic policies,international relations,and global events.Understanding the forces driving human activity change is important for the development of transborder watershed.In this study,we used global historical land cover data,the hemeroby index model,and synthesized major historical events to analyze how human activity intensity changed in the Heilongjiang River(Amur River in Russia)watershed(HLRW).The results showed that there was a strong spatial heterogeneity in the variation of human activity intensity in the HLRW over the past century(1900-2016).On the Chinese side,the human activity intensity change shifted from the plain areas for agricultural reclamation to the mountainous areas for timber extraction.On the Russian side,human activity intensity changes mostly concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.Localized variation of human activity intensity tended to respond to regional events while regionalized variation tends to reflect national policy change or broad international events.The similarities and differences between China and Russia in policies and positions in international events resulted in synchronous and asynchronous changes in human activity intensity.Meanwhile,policy shifts were often confined by the natural features of the watershed.These results reveal the historical origins and fundamental connotations of watershed development and contribute to formulating regional management policies that coordinate population,eco-nomic,social,and environmental activities.展开更多
The Heilongjiang Arts & Crafts I/E Corp. is a multi-function comprehensive foreign trade corporation approved by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
In recent years tourism in Heilongjiang Province has rapidly developed following the tide of reform and opening up. It witnessed an average 30 percent growth in the number of tourists and export earnings in 1993, with...In recent years tourism in Heilongjiang Province has rapidly developed following the tide of reform and opening up. It witnessed an average 30 percent growth in the number of tourists and export earnings in 1993, with 130,000 overseas visitors, US$14 million in export earnings and RMB250 million received from domestic tourism. Tourism has become an important window in the province’s opening up and an indispensable rising industry in economic development.展开更多
(1) Enterprise income tax 1. Foreign-funded enterprises set up in Heilongjiang Province and run for ten years and more shall be exempt from local income tax for ten years from the first profit-making year. After the e...(1) Enterprise income tax 1. Foreign-funded enterprises set up in Heilongjiang Province and run for ten years and more shall be exempt from local income tax for ten years from the first profit-making year. After the expiration of tax reductions, export earning enterprises (with exports accounting for 50 percent of the output value of the year), technically advanced enterprises and enterprises engaged in resources development, communications,展开更多
Heilongjiang is a high-latitude province, situated in China’s Northeast. It is bounded in the west by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the south by Jilin Province and on the north and east the Heilongjiang an...Heilongjiang is a high-latitude province, situated in China’s Northeast. It is bounded in the west by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the south by Jilin Province and on the north and east the Heilongjiang and the Wusulijiang rivers are the boundaries between China and Russia. The border running for 3045 kms links Asia and the Pacific Region with Russia and Europe. The port cities of Suifenghe, Heihe and Tongjiang are all important outlets for economic and trade contacts with Russia, East Europe and Northeast Asia.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0604403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41801108)。
文摘Human activities in a transborder watershed are complex under the influence of domestic policies,international relations,and global events.Understanding the forces driving human activity change is important for the development of transborder watershed.In this study,we used global historical land cover data,the hemeroby index model,and synthesized major historical events to analyze how human activity intensity changed in the Heilongjiang River(Amur River in Russia)watershed(HLRW).The results showed that there was a strong spatial heterogeneity in the variation of human activity intensity in the HLRW over the past century(1900-2016).On the Chinese side,the human activity intensity change shifted from the plain areas for agricultural reclamation to the mountainous areas for timber extraction.On the Russian side,human activity intensity changes mostly concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.Localized variation of human activity intensity tended to respond to regional events while regionalized variation tends to reflect national policy change or broad international events.The similarities and differences between China and Russia in policies and positions in international events resulted in synchronous and asynchronous changes in human activity intensity.Meanwhile,policy shifts were often confined by the natural features of the watershed.These results reveal the historical origins and fundamental connotations of watershed development and contribute to formulating regional management policies that coordinate population,eco-nomic,social,and environmental activities.
文摘The Heilongjiang Arts & Crafts I/E Corp. is a multi-function comprehensive foreign trade corporation approved by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
文摘In recent years tourism in Heilongjiang Province has rapidly developed following the tide of reform and opening up. It witnessed an average 30 percent growth in the number of tourists and export earnings in 1993, with 130,000 overseas visitors, US$14 million in export earnings and RMB250 million received from domestic tourism. Tourism has become an important window in the province’s opening up and an indispensable rising industry in economic development.
文摘(1) Enterprise income tax 1. Foreign-funded enterprises set up in Heilongjiang Province and run for ten years and more shall be exempt from local income tax for ten years from the first profit-making year. After the expiration of tax reductions, export earning enterprises (with exports accounting for 50 percent of the output value of the year), technically advanced enterprises and enterprises engaged in resources development, communications,
文摘Heilongjiang is a high-latitude province, situated in China’s Northeast. It is bounded in the west by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, on the south by Jilin Province and on the north and east the Heilongjiang and the Wusulijiang rivers are the boundaries between China and Russia. The border running for 3045 kms links Asia and the Pacific Region with Russia and Europe. The port cities of Suifenghe, Heihe and Tongjiang are all important outlets for economic and trade contacts with Russia, East Europe and Northeast Asia.
