This paper studies the occurrence, characteristics, and governance mechanism of the holdout problem during market-oriented urban renewal in Shenzhen after a related foreign experience analysis, through methodologies o...This paper studies the occurrence, characteristics, and governance mechanism of the holdout problem during market-oriented urban renewal in Shenzhen after a related foreign experience analysis, through methodologies of logical analysis and case study.The results indicate that the holdout problem is almost an inevitable result of market-oriented urban renewal, and its proliferation not only goes against social morality and the principle of justice, but also harms social public interests, and even causes market failure.The paper proposes two approaches to dealing with holdout problem: first, to introduce the contracting commitment to restrict the owners’ freedom of contract, and to guarantee the public benefit of all owners;second, to introduce land expropriation right to regulate holdout behavior via authority of state.展开更多
产业界、司法界和学术界比较关注标准必要专利中的专利劫持问题,对反向劫持问题研究较少。由于合理非歧视(Reasonable And Non-Discrimination,简称"RAND")承诺的模糊性和近年来美国对于禁令救济的谨慎态度,实践中,出现了标...产业界、司法界和学术界比较关注标准必要专利中的专利劫持问题,对反向劫持问题研究较少。由于合理非歧视(Reasonable And Non-Discrimination,简称"RAND")承诺的模糊性和近年来美国对于禁令救济的谨慎态度,实践中,出现了标准实施者在已经使用标准必要专利的情况下,恶意拖延许可谈判或以反垄断举报为要挟,向标准必要专利权人寻求较低许可费率或许可条件的反向劫持现象。反向劫持损害标准必要专利权人利益,影响专利权人投资创新和将专利贡献给标准的积极性。美国法院和反垄断执法机构已经注意到反向劫持的危害性,正试图加以规制,其经验值得我国参考借鉴。展开更多
基金supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation,Ministry of Land and Resources(No.KF-2015-01-004)
文摘This paper studies the occurrence, characteristics, and governance mechanism of the holdout problem during market-oriented urban renewal in Shenzhen after a related foreign experience analysis, through methodologies of logical analysis and case study.The results indicate that the holdout problem is almost an inevitable result of market-oriented urban renewal, and its proliferation not only goes against social morality and the principle of justice, but also harms social public interests, and even causes market failure.The paper proposes two approaches to dealing with holdout problem: first, to introduce the contracting commitment to restrict the owners’ freedom of contract, and to guarantee the public benefit of all owners;second, to introduce land expropriation right to regulate holdout behavior via authority of state.
文摘产业界、司法界和学术界比较关注标准必要专利中的专利劫持问题,对反向劫持问题研究较少。由于合理非歧视(Reasonable And Non-Discrimination,简称"RAND")承诺的模糊性和近年来美国对于禁令救济的谨慎态度,实践中,出现了标准实施者在已经使用标准必要专利的情况下,恶意拖延许可谈判或以反垄断举报为要挟,向标准必要专利权人寻求较低许可费率或许可条件的反向劫持现象。反向劫持损害标准必要专利权人利益,影响专利权人投资创新和将专利贡献给标准的积极性。美国法院和反垄断执法机构已经注意到反向劫持的危害性,正试图加以规制,其经验值得我国参考借鉴。
