The strict environmental regulations to overcome the drawbacks of consumption and disposal of non-renewable synthetic materials have motivated this investigation.The physical,chemical,morphological,and thermal propert...The strict environmental regulations to overcome the drawbacks of consumption and disposal of non-renewable synthetic materials have motivated this investigation.The physical,chemical,morphological,and thermal properties of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder obtained from the raw materials were examined in this study.The physical properties analyzes of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder discovered that the moisture content,density,and water holding capacity were 9.70%,0.45 g/cm^(3),and 98.60%,respectively.Meanwhile,the chemical composition analysis of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder revealed that the powder was significantly high in cellulose contents(34.35%)from other bio-peel wastes.The crystallinity index of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was 32.76%,according to further X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis.The thermal stability of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was examined using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and found thermally stable at 204℃.The morphological study via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed a shriveled and irregular geometry surface.Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder demonstrated the peak in the range representing the major functional groups responsible for pectin’s properties.Thus,the findings revealed that the Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder has the potential for the development of biodegradable and renewable materials.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to confirm the existence of anthocyanins in pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)pericarp and optimize the extraction condition.[Methods]Single-factor tests were carried out on five factors:e...[Objectives]This study was conducted to confirm the existence of anthocyanins in pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)pericarp and optimize the extraction condition.[Methods]Single-factor tests were carried out on five factors:ethanol concentration,extraction temperature,ultrasonic power,solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time.Based on the single-factor test results,four factors and three levels of process conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design test.[Results]Anthocyanins exist in the pericarp of pitaya,and the optimum conditions were extraction temperature 49℃,ultrasonic power 120 W,extracted time 2 h and ethanol concentration 60%.Under these conditions,the average yield of anthocyanins was 80 mg/100g.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the extraction of anthocyanins from the pericarp of red-flesh pitaya.展开更多
The germination test is routinely used for evaluating physiological quality of seeds, but it has not been satisfactory, since it requires relatively long periods to obtain results. In this sense, there is the possibil...The germination test is routinely used for evaluating physiological quality of seeds, but it has not been satisfactory, since it requires relatively long periods to obtain results. In this sense, there is the possibility to resort to vigor tests, although the absence of standardized methodologies has hindered your applicability and reproducibility. The goal of the present study was to establish a methodology for the tetrazolium test that is effective for evaluating physiological quality in pitaya seeds. So, we used five seed batches obtained from mature fruits of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus), harvested in the years of 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. The experimental design was the completely randomized design, with four replicates of 50 seeds. The tetrazolium test was conducted in a 5 × 4 × 3 factorial plot, corresponding to five batches of pitaya seeds (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012), four concentrations of the tetrazolium solution (0.075%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) and three immersion periods (2, 3, and 4 h). In addition, the germination test for the seed batches was carried out and the analyzed variables were: percentage of germination (PG), germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). Tetrazolium test conducted at a solution concentration of 0.5% and an immersion period of 3 h proved to be efficient for evaluating physiological quality of pitaya seeds, in order to stratify the seed batches into more viability levels compared to the germination test.展开更多
Dragon fruit （Hylocereus undulates） was planted in a large area of karst region in recent years. To understand whether karst drought may impact on its physiological process is important and useful for planning and m...Dragon fruit （Hylocereus undulates） was planted in a large area of karst region in recent years. To understand whether karst drought may impact on its physiological process is important and useful for planning and management of this fruit. In this study, we contrasted with a relative species Hylocereus undatus, and set up experiment to study physiological and biochemical trait and its response to different karst soil water level deficiency, so as to understand the mechanism of H. undulates and H. undatus in adaptation to karst drought condition. The results showed that, trends of physiological and biochemical response to drought was similar between two species. With the intensive of soil water deficiency, such toxin substance as malonaldehyde （MDA） increased, but meanwhile, two protective enzymes superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidases （POD） and osmotic adjustment Proline （Pro） increase as well. Under relative water content （RWC） 〉50% condition, the enzyme can effectively protect the cells from toxin MDA injure, and Pro can also maintain the water needs through osmotic adjustment. However, under RWC 〈 40% condition, protective enzymes were not enough for cleaning MDA. Biomass was largest under RWC=70%-80%, with low root shoot ratio and high aboveground biomass. Biomass significantly decreased under RWC 30%-40%, which decline by 73.28% and 73.56% in H. undulates and H. undatus respectively. Therefore, RWC=70%-80% would be an optimal soil moisture while developing dragon fruit in karst, which is favor to fruit production. Under moderate drought e.g. RWC=50%-60%, plants may regulate by metabolic process and balance unfavorable substance, but it allocated much more biomass to root, reduced the aboveground biomass, which is not advance for fruit production.展开更多
The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds from chloroform extract of the leaves of Hylocereus undatus in the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs) in vitr...The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds from chloroform extract of the leaves of Hylocereus undatus in the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs) in vitro. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of chloroform extract from Hylocereus undatus afforded two novel 12-ursen-type triterpenes, 3β, 16α, 23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(1) and 3β, 6β, 19α, 22α-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(2), as well as four known triterpenes 2α, 3β, 23-tetrahydroxy-urs-11-en-28-oic acid(3), 3β-acetoxy-28-hydroxyolean-12-ene(4), 3β, 16α-dihidroxyolean-12-ene(5) and 3β-acetoxy-olean-12-ene(6). Our results revealed that triterpenes 1–3 were able to inhibit the formation of AGEs in all tested assays. The data indicated that the triterpenes had inhibitory activity at the múltiple stages of glycation and that there might be a high potential for decreasing protein oxidation and protein glycation that can enhance glycative stress in diabetic complications.展开更多
Sugar composition not only affects fruit flavor but is also an important determinant of fruit taste and consumer preference.In this study,changes in the sugar content and sugar-metabolizing enzymes were investigated f...Sugar composition not only affects fruit flavor but is also an important determinant of fruit taste and consumer preference.In this study,changes in the sugar content and sugar-metabolizing enzymes were investigated from different sections of various fruit development phases of‘Hongshuijing’pitaya(Hylocereus monacanthus).Genes related to sugar metabolism were also screened by transcriptome analyses.The results indicated that glucose was the major sugar in mature pitaya fruit,and was mainly regulated by vacuolar acid invertase(VAI)and sucrose synthase(SS)(degradative direction).Sugar accumulation varied in pulp between different sections of the pitaya fruit.VAI,neutral invertase(NI)and SS(degradative direction)are crucial enzymes for sugar accumulation in pitaya.The expression of 17 genes related to sucrose metabolism obtained from seven databases[NCBI non-redundant protein database(Nr),NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequence database(Nt),EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups(KOG),The Protein Families(Pfam),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),Swiss-prot,and Gene Ontology(GO)]were analyzed in different pitaya pulp sections.HpVAI1 had the highest relative expression level on the 29th day after pollination(DAP).Positive correlations were found between HpVAI1 expression and VAI activity;HpNI4 and NI activity;HpSS2,HpSS5,and SS activity(synthetic direction),indicating that HpVAI1,HpNI4,and HpSS2 and HpSS5 were involved in the regulation of VAI,NI,and SS(synthetic direction),respectively.HpVAI1 and HpNI4 regulated sucrose degradation and the accumulation of glucose and fructose,while HpSS2 and HpSS5 regulated sucrose synthesis.These results suggest that HpVAI1 plays a key role in sugar metabolism during fruit development of‘Hongshuijing’pitaya.The results of this study provide new information about sugar metabolism in pitaya fruit that could help improve fruit quality and the breeding of new cultivars.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka under Grant No.RACER/2019/FTKMP-CARE/F00413,as well as Universiti Malaysia Sabah for supported the article processing charge for this study.
文摘The strict environmental regulations to overcome the drawbacks of consumption and disposal of non-renewable synthetic materials have motivated this investigation.The physical,chemical,morphological,and thermal properties of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder obtained from the raw materials were examined in this study.The physical properties analyzes of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder discovered that the moisture content,density,and water holding capacity were 9.70%,0.45 g/cm^(3),and 98.60%,respectively.Meanwhile,the chemical composition analysis of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder revealed that the powder was significantly high in cellulose contents(34.35%)from other bio-peel wastes.The crystallinity index of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was 32.76%,according to further X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis.The thermal stability of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was examined using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and found thermally stable at 204℃.The morphological study via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed a shriveled and irregular geometry surface.Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder demonstrated the peak in the range representing the major functional groups responsible for pectin’s properties.Thus,the findings revealed that the Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder has the potential for the development of biodegradable and renewable materials.
基金Supported by Food Science Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Colleges and Universities(2016KCXTD020)Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project(2014B090908007).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to confirm the existence of anthocyanins in pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)pericarp and optimize the extraction condition.[Methods]Single-factor tests were carried out on five factors:ethanol concentration,extraction temperature,ultrasonic power,solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time.Based on the single-factor test results,four factors and three levels of process conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design test.[Results]Anthocyanins exist in the pericarp of pitaya,and the optimum conditions were extraction temperature 49℃,ultrasonic power 120 W,extracted time 2 h and ethanol concentration 60%.Under these conditions,the average yield of anthocyanins was 80 mg/100g.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the extraction of anthocyanins from the pericarp of red-flesh pitaya.
文摘The germination test is routinely used for evaluating physiological quality of seeds, but it has not been satisfactory, since it requires relatively long periods to obtain results. In this sense, there is the possibility to resort to vigor tests, although the absence of standardized methodologies has hindered your applicability and reproducibility. The goal of the present study was to establish a methodology for the tetrazolium test that is effective for evaluating physiological quality in pitaya seeds. So, we used five seed batches obtained from mature fruits of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus), harvested in the years of 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. The experimental design was the completely randomized design, with four replicates of 50 seeds. The tetrazolium test was conducted in a 5 × 4 × 3 factorial plot, corresponding to five batches of pitaya seeds (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012), four concentrations of the tetrazolium solution (0.075%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) and three immersion periods (2, 3, and 4 h). In addition, the germination test for the seed batches was carried out and the analyzed variables were: percentage of germination (PG), germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). Tetrazolium test conducted at a solution concentration of 0.5% and an immersion period of 3 h proved to be efficient for evaluating physiological quality of pitaya seeds, in order to stratify the seed batches into more viability levels compared to the germination test.
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAC16B01,2012BAC16B02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41172313)
文摘Dragon fruit （Hylocereus undulates） was planted in a large area of karst region in recent years. To understand whether karst drought may impact on its physiological process is important and useful for planning and management of this fruit. In this study, we contrasted with a relative species Hylocereus undatus, and set up experiment to study physiological and biochemical trait and its response to different karst soil water level deficiency, so as to understand the mechanism of H. undulates and H. undatus in adaptation to karst drought condition. The results showed that, trends of physiological and biochemical response to drought was similar between two species. With the intensive of soil water deficiency, such toxin substance as malonaldehyde （MDA） increased, but meanwhile, two protective enzymes superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidases （POD） and osmotic adjustment Proline （Pro） increase as well. Under relative water content （RWC） 〉50% condition, the enzyme can effectively protect the cells from toxin MDA injure, and Pro can also maintain the water needs through osmotic adjustment. However, under RWC 〈 40% condition, protective enzymes were not enough for cleaning MDA. Biomass was largest under RWC=70%-80%, with low root shoot ratio and high aboveground biomass. Biomass significantly decreased under RWC 30%-40%, which decline by 73.28% and 73.56% in H. undulates and H. undatus respectively. Therefore, RWC=70%-80% would be an optimal soil moisture while developing dragon fruit in karst, which is favor to fruit production. Under moderate drought e.g. RWC=50%-60%, plants may regulate by metabolic process and balance unfavorable substance, but it allocated much more biomass to root, reduced the aboveground biomass, which is not advance for fruit production.
文摘The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds from chloroform extract of the leaves of Hylocereus undatus in the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs) in vitro. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of chloroform extract from Hylocereus undatus afforded two novel 12-ursen-type triterpenes, 3β, 16α, 23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(1) and 3β, 6β, 19α, 22α-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(2), as well as four known triterpenes 2α, 3β, 23-tetrahydroxy-urs-11-en-28-oic acid(3), 3β-acetoxy-28-hydroxyolean-12-ene(4), 3β, 16α-dihidroxyolean-12-ene(5) and 3β-acetoxy-olean-12-ene(6). Our results revealed that triterpenes 1–3 were able to inhibit the formation of AGEs in all tested assays. The data indicated that the triterpenes had inhibitory activity at the múltiple stages of glycation and that there might be a high potential for decreasing protein oxidation and protein glycation that can enhance glycative stress in diabetic complications.
基金supported by grants from the Key Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (Grant No. 201904020015)Science and Technology Program of Zhanjiang (Grant No. 2019A01003)+1 种基金Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2018B020202011)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (Grant Nos. 202002020060, 201704020003 and 2014Y2-00164)
文摘Sugar composition not only affects fruit flavor but is also an important determinant of fruit taste and consumer preference.In this study,changes in the sugar content and sugar-metabolizing enzymes were investigated from different sections of various fruit development phases of‘Hongshuijing’pitaya(Hylocereus monacanthus).Genes related to sugar metabolism were also screened by transcriptome analyses.The results indicated that glucose was the major sugar in mature pitaya fruit,and was mainly regulated by vacuolar acid invertase(VAI)and sucrose synthase(SS)(degradative direction).Sugar accumulation varied in pulp between different sections of the pitaya fruit.VAI,neutral invertase(NI)and SS(degradative direction)are crucial enzymes for sugar accumulation in pitaya.The expression of 17 genes related to sucrose metabolism obtained from seven databases[NCBI non-redundant protein database(Nr),NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequence database(Nt),EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups(KOG),The Protein Families(Pfam),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),Swiss-prot,and Gene Ontology(GO)]were analyzed in different pitaya pulp sections.HpVAI1 had the highest relative expression level on the 29th day after pollination(DAP).Positive correlations were found between HpVAI1 expression and VAI activity;HpNI4 and NI activity;HpSS2,HpSS5,and SS activity(synthetic direction),indicating that HpVAI1,HpNI4,and HpSS2 and HpSS5 were involved in the regulation of VAI,NI,and SS(synthetic direction),respectively.HpVAI1 and HpNI4 regulated sucrose degradation and the accumulation of glucose and fructose,while HpSS2 and HpSS5 regulated sucrose synthesis.These results suggest that HpVAI1 plays a key role in sugar metabolism during fruit development of‘Hongshuijing’pitaya.The results of this study provide new information about sugar metabolism in pitaya fruit that could help improve fruit quality and the breeding of new cultivars.
