Authors analysed foliar nutrition data from the ICP Forests(International Co-operative Programme on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution on Forests)monitoring network in two neighbouring Central European cou...Authors analysed foliar nutrition data from the ICP Forests(International Co-operative Programme on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution on Forests)monitoring network in two neighbouring Central European countries:the CZ(Czech Republic)and SK(Slovakia).Authors evaluated altogether seven coniferous(six Norway spruce and one Scots pine)and six broadleaves(five European beech and one Sessile oak)in intensively monitored plots.The longest time series cover more than 20 years(1995-2017 in CZ;1995-2013 in SK).The data show a significant decrease of the concentration of major nutrients,mainly P and K.On roughly half of plots,the concentration of P is near or below the deficiency limit(1.2 g·kg-1),the concentration of K has dropped by 10%to 50%,especially in stands of broadleaves during the evaluated period.Over time P and K have shown significantly decreasing trends on one third of the evaluated coniferous plots and a similar situation has occurred on broadleaf plots.Both countries differ in Mg trends-there is a decrease of Mg concentration in needles in SK compared with Czech coniferous plots.On the other hand,in beech leaves there is a decrease of Mg in both countries,and in CZ the trend over time for Mg is significant.The observed changes in nutrition level with stable or slightly increasing N concentration and with a drop in phosphorus and base cations have led to nutrient imbalance,especially between N and P.展开更多
Forest health is currently assessed in Europe （ICP Forests monitoring program）. Crown defoliation and dieback, tree mortality, and pathogenic damage are the main aspects considered in tree health assessment. The wor...Forest health is currently assessed in Europe （ICP Forests monitoring program）. Crown defoliation and dieback, tree mortality, and pathogenic damage are the main aspects considered in tree health assessment. The worsening of environmental conditions （i.e., increase of temperature and drought events） may cause large-spatial scale tree mortality and forest decline. However, the role of stand features, including tree species assemblage and diversity as factors that modify environmental impacts, is poorly considered. The present contribution reanalyses the historical dataset of crown conditions in Italian forests from ] 997 to 2014 to identify ecological and structural factors that influence tree crown defoliation, highlighting in a special manner the role of tree diversity. The effects of tree diversity were explored using the entire data set through multivariate cluster analyses and on individual trees, analysing the influence of the neighbouring tree diversity and identity at the local （neighbour） level. Preliminary results suggest that each tree species shows a specific behaviour in relation to crown defoliation, and the distribution of crown defoliation across Italian forests reflects the distribution of the main forest types and their ecological equilibrium with the environment. The potentiality and the problems connected to the possible extension of this analysis at a more general level （European and North American） were discussed.展开更多
基金the Czech Ministry of Agriculture,institutional support MZE-RO0118the Slovak Research and Development Agency under Contract No.APVV-18-0223.
文摘Authors analysed foliar nutrition data from the ICP Forests(International Co-operative Programme on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution on Forests)monitoring network in two neighbouring Central European countries:the CZ(Czech Republic)and SK(Slovakia).Authors evaluated altogether seven coniferous(six Norway spruce and one Scots pine)and six broadleaves(five European beech and one Sessile oak)in intensively monitored plots.The longest time series cover more than 20 years(1995-2017 in CZ;1995-2013 in SK).The data show a significant decrease of the concentration of major nutrients,mainly P and K.On roughly half of plots,the concentration of P is near or below the deficiency limit(1.2 g·kg-1),the concentration of K has dropped by 10%to 50%,especially in stands of broadleaves during the evaluated period.Over time P and K have shown significantly decreasing trends on one third of the evaluated coniferous plots and a similar situation has occurred on broadleaf plots.Both countries differ in Mg trends-there is a decrease of Mg concentration in needles in SK compared with Czech coniferous plots.On the other hand,in beech leaves there is a decrease of Mg in both countries,and in CZ the trend over time for Mg is significant.The observed changes in nutrition level with stable or slightly increasing N concentration and with a drop in phosphorus and base cations have led to nutrient imbalance,especially between N and P.
基金funded and carried out within SMART4Action LIFE+project“Sustainable Monitoring and Reporting to Inform Forest and Environmental Awareness and Protection”LIFE13 ENV/IT/000813
文摘Forest health is currently assessed in Europe （ICP Forests monitoring program）. Crown defoliation and dieback, tree mortality, and pathogenic damage are the main aspects considered in tree health assessment. The worsening of environmental conditions （i.e., increase of temperature and drought events） may cause large-spatial scale tree mortality and forest decline. However, the role of stand features, including tree species assemblage and diversity as factors that modify environmental impacts, is poorly considered. The present contribution reanalyses the historical dataset of crown conditions in Italian forests from ] 997 to 2014 to identify ecological and structural factors that influence tree crown defoliation, highlighting in a special manner the role of tree diversity. The effects of tree diversity were explored using the entire data set through multivariate cluster analyses and on individual trees, analysing the influence of the neighbouring tree diversity and identity at the local （neighbour） level. Preliminary results suggest that each tree species shows a specific behaviour in relation to crown defoliation, and the distribution of crown defoliation across Italian forests reflects the distribution of the main forest types and their ecological equilibrium with the environment. The potentiality and the problems connected to the possible extension of this analysis at a more general level （European and North American） were discussed.
