Chemical inclusions significantly alter shock responses of crystalline explosives in macroscale gap experiments but their microscale dynamics origin remains unclear.Herein shock-induced energy localization,overall phy...Chemical inclusions significantly alter shock responses of crystalline explosives in macroscale gap experiments but their microscale dynamics origin remains unclear.Herein shock-induced energy localization,overall physical responses,and reactions in a-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(a-RDX)crystal entrained various chemical inclusions were investigated by the multi-scale shock technique implemented in the reactive molecular dynamics method.Results indicated that energy localization and shock reaction were affected by the intrinsic factors within chemical inclusions,i.e.,phase states,chemical compositions,and concentrations.The atomic origin of chemical-inclusions effects on energy localization is dependent on the dynamics mechanism of interfacial molecules with free space volume,which includes homogeneous intermolecular compression,interfacial impact and shear,and void collapse and jet.As introducing various chemical inclusions,the initiation of those dynamics mechanisms triggers diverse decay rates of bulk RDX molecules and hereby impacts on growth speeds of final reactions.Adding chemical inclusions can reduce the effectiveness of the void during the shock impacting.Under the shockwave velocity of 9 km/s,the parent RDX decay rate in RDX entrained amorphous carbon decreases the most and is about one fourth of that in RDX with a vacuum void,and solid HMX and TATB inclusions are more reactive than amorphous carbon but less reactive than dry air or acetone inclusions.The lessdense shocking system denotes the greater increases in local temperature and stress,the faster energy liberation,and the earlier final reaction into equilibrium,revealing more pronounced responses to the present intense shockwave.The quantitative models associated with the relative system density(RD_(sys))were proposed for indicating energy-localization mechanisms and evaluating initiation safety in the shocked crystalline explosive.RD_(sys)is defined by the density ratio of defective RDX to perfect crystal after dynamics relaxation and reveals the global density characteristic in shocked systems filled with chemical inclusions.When RD_(sys)is below 0.9,local hydrodynamic jet initiated by void collapse dominates upon energy localization instead of interfacial impact.This study sheds light on novel insights for understanding the shock chemistry and physical-based atomic origin in crystalline explosives considering chemical-inclusions effects.展开更多
The Yueguang gold deposit is located in Fengjia,Xinhua County,Hunan Province,South China.It represents a recently discovered small-scale gold deposit situated in the southwestern region of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,w...The Yueguang gold deposit is located in Fengjia,Xinhua County,Hunan Province,South China.It represents a recently discovered small-scale gold deposit situated in the southwestern region of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,west of the Baimashan granitic batholith.In order to discern the characteristics of the ore-formingfluids,the underlying mineralization processes,and establish a foundation for the origin of the Yueguang gold depositfluid inclusion micro-thermometry,as well as quartz hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis,have been carried out on samples obtained from various stages of mineralization.The hydrothermal miner-alization stages within the Yueguang gold deposit can be categorized into three stages:(i)the barren,pre-ore quartz-pyrite stage(Stage Ⅰ),the quartz-pyrite-gold stage(Stage Ⅱ),and the post-ore quartz-carbonate stage(Stage Ⅲ),with the second stage being the main mineralization stage.Thefluid inclusions identified in samples from the main min-eralization stage can predominantly be described with the NaCl–H_(2)O and CO_(2)–NaCl–H_(2)O systems.These inclusions display homogenization temperatures ranging from 158.8 to 334.9℃,and thefluid salinity ranges from 0.3%to 4.0%(wt.%NaCl equiv.).Laser Raman spectroscopy analysis of individual inclusions further reveals the presence of gas-phases such as CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2).Isotopic analysis indicatesδ^(18)Ofluid values ranging from 3.95 to 6.7‰ and δDH_(2)O values ranging from-71.9 to-55.7‰.These results indi-cate that the ore-formingfluid of the Yueguang gold deposit belongs to metamorphic hydrothermalfluids of middle-low temperature and low salinity.In the process of ore formation,gold is transported in the form of Au(HS)2-complexes,with gold deposition being driven byfluid immiscibility.Therefore,the Yueguang gold deposit is categorized as an orogenic gold deposit dominated by metamorphic hydrother-malfluid.It may become a new target for gold exploration in the Baimashan region,central Hunan Province.展开更多
In this presentation,the author explores strategies and activities that create a welcoming and nurturing environment for LGBTQIA+foreign language students at the college level in the United States.Indeed,as it is comm...In this presentation,the author explores strategies and activities that create a welcoming and nurturing environment for LGBTQIA+foreign language students at the college level in the United States.Indeed,as it is commonly stated,there is a clear lack of visibility,acceptance/tolerance,and inclusion of LGBTQIA+voices(active and proactive)in foreign language teaching and learning(pedagogical material as well as in-class attitudes and delivery).The reasons for this deficiency are diverse since they cover not only outward discrimination against and/or indifference(passive-aggressive behavior)toward the LGBTQIA+community and its plight,but they also illustrate the sheer,physical inexistence of quality material that can be used to create,present,and foster a welcoming and all-encompassing classroom environment that addresses the diverse spectrum of the LGBTQIA+community while its members try to learn a foreign language and(positively)negotiate how to express their very identity in their new language of choice.Moreover,the scant material that is available in the United States as well as in other Western countries where the LGBTQIA+community by and large is accepted-at least from the legal point of view-hardly represents and covers the subject matter in a satisfactory way.To address this gap,the author will provide some examples in European Portuguese(EP)and Italian(IT),followed by a courtesy translation in English,to illustrate some positive activities and strategies for including LGBTQIA+-related subject matter in the foreign language classroom at the college level.It is his desire that instructors of other foreign languages duplicate in their respective vernaculars the strategies and activities herein presented in order to create a welcoming and safe classroom environment that embraces the LGBTQIA+community as it goes through the enjoyable journey of learning a new language and culture.展开更多
This study explores the development trajectory of digital financial inclusion in 21 cities in Guangdong Province through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA).The findings emphasize that the success of dig...This study explores the development trajectory of digital financial inclusion in 21 cities in Guangdong Province through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA).The findings emphasize that the success of digital financial inclusion goes beyond individual dimensions,forming a systematic initiative marked by multifaceted interaction among different disciplines.In the trajectory of high-level digital inclusive finance development,the study identifies economic prosperity and technological innovation as crucial elements,highlighting their centrality,and elucidates the synergistic collaboration between market mechanisms and government guidance.Furthermore,the study emphasizes the government’s pivotal role in supporting market mechanisms and guiding policies,highlighting the need to achieve a nuanced equilibrium in the digital financial inclusion strategy.In contrast,non-high-level development paths of digital inclusive finance show a spectrum of diversities,emphasizing the critical roles played by economic fundamentals,government regulation,market mechanisms,and other contextual factors in different trajectories.Regarding policy implications,the study emphasizes the comprehensive and systemic nature inherent in the development of digital inclusive finance.It proposes four policy recommendations,including integrating development strategies,emphasizing scientific and technological innovation and economic development,achieving a delicate balance between market mechanisms and government guidance,and providing precise policy support.These insights provide valuable lessons for shaping digital inclusive financial policies in Guangdong Province and beyond,offering profound insights for strategically constructing robust digital financial ecosystems.展开更多
Mold flux serves the crucial metallurgical function of absorbing inclusions, directly impacting the smoothness of the casting process as well as the cast slab quality. In this study, the dissolution behavior and mecha...Mold flux serves the crucial metallurgical function of absorbing inclusions, directly impacting the smoothness of the casting process as well as the cast slab quality. In this study, the dissolution behavior and mechanism of Ti O_(2)and Ti N inclusions in molten Ca O–Si O_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)-based fluorine-free mold flux were explored by in situ single hot thermocouple technology combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results showed that Ti O_(2) inclusions are effectively dissolved by the molten slag within 76 s, during which the original octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures are destroyed and convert to the networker tetrahedral [Ti O_(4)]^(4-)structures. However, the dissolution rate is much lower for Ti N inclusions than for Ti O_(2)inclusions. This can be attributed to the fact that the Ti N particles need to be oxidized and then dissolved in the molten slag to form tetrahedral [Ti O4]4-and octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures during the Ti N inclusion dissolution process, which is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of N_(2)gas. Moreover, Ca Ti O_(3)crystals tend to nucleate and grow on bubble surfaces with sufficient octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures and Ca^(2+)ions, eventually resulting in the molten slag being in a solid–liquid mixed state.展开更多
Fluid inclusion signal strength and visual inclusion abundance are generally lower along migration pathways than in charged reservoirs from the same area. A zone that displays strong fluid inclusion stratigraphy (FIS)...Fluid inclusion signal strength and visual inclusion abundance are generally lower along migration pathways than in charged reservoirs from the same area. A zone that displays strong fluid inclusion stratigraphy (FIS) hydrocarbon indications and high visualized petroleum inclusion abundance, indicates paleo-charge or in some cases a migration pathway, e.g, where inclusion abundance is enhanced by extensive microfracturing. In this study, fluid inclusion data are interpreted in seven offshore wells of the Lamu Basin to enhance the understanding of hydrocarbon generation, migration and migration pathways. The study also examines the interrelationship among rock texture, rock composition and trapped fluid distribution in the study area. The studies were based on FIS analyzed data courtesy of Fluid Inclusion Technologies (FIT) Inc. in USA laboratories. FIT conducted analysis on 391 samples from the Paleocene to Upper Jurassic (Kiboko-1 well), 249 from the Paleoecene to Campanian (Kubwa-1 well), 106 from the Maastrichtian to Turonian (Mbawa-1 well), 59 from the Eocene to Campanian (Pomboo-1 well), 26 form the Lower Eocene to Maastrichtian (Simba-1 well), 16 from the Eocene to Maastrichtian (Kipini-1 well) and 11 from the Maastrichtian to Campanian (Kofia-1 well). It also made analysis on sidewall core sample plates, with 44 from the Maastrichtian to Campanian (Kubwa-1 well), 108 from the Campanian to Upper Jurassic (Kiboko-1 well) and 8 from the Campanian (Pomboo-1 well) for petrographic evaluation. For photomicroscopy, thin sections were examined under a petrographic microscope using Ultra Violet (UV) fluorescence and microthermometry, in order to verify the presence of petroleum bearing inclusions in the rock samples and to explore textural relationships that may yield additional information on the timing of hydrocarbon migration or generation. Gas shows in Mbawa-1 well is a result of generated hydrocarbons from the carbonate interbeds in the Upper Cretaceous. Gas shows are pockets trapped in the thin carbonate rich beds. There is low abundance of upper-low, moderate and upper-moderate gravity liquid petroleum inclusions in Kubwa-1 well (central deep offshore). The low abundance suggests migration events rather than paleo-accumulations, possibly involving several discrete charges. Despite sufficient vitrinite reflectance and total organic carbon (TOC) content, the temperatures are still insufficient for hydrocarbon generation in the southern deep offshore in the region where Kiboko-1 well is located. There is no sufficient evidence for access to mature source rocks in the deep offshore basin.展开更多
It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs.However,the location of carbon storage in Earth's interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment...It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs.However,the location of carbon storage in Earth's interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment remain unclear.In this study,we report CO_(2)-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the mantle xenoliths of late Cenozoic basalts from the Penglai area,Hainan Province,which may shed some light on the carbon enrichment process in the lithospheric mantle.We also present a detailed petrological and geochemical investigation of the late Cenozoic basalts and mantle xenoliths from northern Hainan Island.The collected samples of late Cenozoic Hainan Island basalts belong to both alkaline and subalkaline series,showing fractionated REE patterns with high(La/Yb)_(N)values of 3.52–11.77,which are typical for OIB.Based on Al-in-olivine thermometry,the temperatures estimated for the mantle xenoliths can be divided into two groups.One group has temperatures of less than 1050℃,and the other group has temperature ranging from 1050℃to 1282℃.Clinopyroxene(La/Yb)_(N)–Ti/Eu and clinopyroxene Ca/Al–Mg^(#)diagrams indicate that the mantle peridotite experienced metasomatism from both silicate and carbonate melts.Melt inclusions in the olivine of mantle xenoliths include(1)CO_(2)bubble–rich melt inclusions;(2)multiphase melt inclusions(glass+CO_(2)bubble+daughter minerals);(3)pure glass melt inclusions.Magnesite is a daughter mineral in the olivine-hosted melt inclusions,which could be interpreted as a secondary mineral formed by the interactions of CO_(2)-rich fluids with an olivine host,due to post-entrapment effects.The glasses in olivine-hosted melt inclusions have high SiO_(2)contents(60.21–77.72 wt%).Our results suggest that a considerable amount of CO_(2)-rich melt inclusions are captured in the lithospheric mantle during metasomatism.The lithospheric mantle can therefore act as is a‘carbon trap',with much CO_(2)being absorbed by the lithospheric mantle in this way.展开更多
The vigorous development of information and communications technology has accelerated reshaping of the financial industry. The COVID-19 pandemic has further catalyzed the demand for digital financial services. Digital...The vigorous development of information and communications technology has accelerated reshaping of the financial industry. The COVID-19 pandemic has further catalyzed the demand for digital financial services. Digital financial inclusion relies on information technology to overcome spatial limitations. In this case, the research question is whether it adheres to the spatial laws governing conventional financial activities. This study uses exploratory spatial data analysis and a geographical detector to elucidate the spatiotemporal characteristics and factors influencing digital financial inclusion at the county level in China(Data don’t include that of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China) from 2014 to 2020. The research findings indicate: first, China’s county-level digital financial inclusion is generally increasing and exhibits significant spatial autocorrelation. Second, population density, level of traditional financial development, government regulation, and education level are key determinants of China’s county-level digital financial inclusion. Third,policies should be differentiated by region to narrow the spatial gap in digital financial inclusion. The results provide a reference for other developing countries on using digital technology to develop financial inclusion.展开更多
To shed light on the genesis of the Dongping deposit and reveal the behaviour of CO_(2),Au and other ore elements(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Zn,As,Sb,Co etc.)in ore-forming fluids,petrographic,microthermometric and synchrotron radiat...To shed light on the genesis of the Dongping deposit and reveal the behaviour of CO_(2),Au and other ore elements(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Zn,As,Sb,Co etc.)in ore-forming fluids,petrographic,microthermometric and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SRXRF)analyses of fluid inclusions were conducted.The ore-forming fluid is characterized as an H_(2)O-CO_(2)-NaCl system with medium-high temperatures and low salinity.Four mineralization stages are identified,namely,feldsparquartz(stage 1);pyrite-white quartz(stage 2);sulfide-smoky grey quartz(stage 3);and carbonate-quartz(stage 4).Three types of inclusions were distinguished,based on fluid composition,phase assemblages and mode of homogenization.Type A:H_(2)O-rich fluid inclusions show 2 phases(liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+vapour H_(2)O(VH_(2)O))at room temperature and homogenize to the liquid phase.Type B:H_(2)O-CO_(2)fluid inclusions contain 2–3 phases(liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+vapour CO_(2)(VCO_(2));liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+liquid CO_(2)(LCO_(2)));liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+liquid CO_(2)(LCO_(2))+vapour CO_(2)(VCO_(2)))at room temperature and homogenized to the liquid H_(2)O phase.Type C:H_(2)O-CO_(2)fluid inclusions show 2 phases(liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+liquid CO_(2)(LCO_(2))at room temperature and homogenize to a critical state.CO_(2)is clearly more enriched in the fluid inclusions of stages 2 and 3 than in stage 1.Stage 1 is dominated by type A(H_(2)O-rich)inclusions with homogenization temperatures(Th)of 220–359℃and salinities of 1.1–3.1 wt%NaCl equivalent.Type B(CO_(2)-rich)inclusions gradually increase in stages 2 and 3.The Th range of type B inclusions in stage 2 is 241–397℃with salinities of 2.2–6.9 wt%NaCl equivalent;the Th range of type A inclusions is 217–373℃with salinities of 1.2–8.1 wt%NaCl equivalent.The Th range of type B inclusions in stage 3 is 215–361℃with salinities of 2.9–6.1 wt%NaCl equivalent;the range of type A inclusions is 158–351℃with a salinity of 0.7–5.5 wt%NaCl equivalent.Stage 4 is characterized by type A with Th of 151–250℃and salinities of 0.9–8.3 wt%NaCl equivalent.The mapping results show that elements As,Te and Sb are more concentrated in vapour CO_(2)than in liquid H_(2)O at room temperature,which suggests that vapour components are more able to transport elements when phase separation occurs.The SRXRF quantitative results show that Au,Cl,S and some other metals are obviously more enriched in the fluid inclusions of stages 2 and 3 than those in stage 1.Additionally,the contents of S in stages 1–3 are much lower than those of Cl,which suggests that gold might migrate mainly in the form of a gold-chloride complex.Au is more enriched in type B fluid inclusions than in type A fluid inclusions,which suggests that the enrichment and migration of gold are closely related to CO_(2)and CO_(2)plays a critical role in the migration and enrichment of gold.The trace elements in the fluid have a similar change trend to those in the Yanshanian syenogranite distributed in the southeastern part of the mining area,which may provide some evidence for an intrusion-related genesis for the Dongping gold deposit.展开更多
The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jur...The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks.The Cu-Au mineralization is commonly related to quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration dominantly composed of chalcopyrite,gold,sphalerite,pyrite,bornite,hematite,covellite,chalcocite,malachite,and azurite.The Goshgarchay copper-gold deposit,which is 600 m wide and approximately 1.2 km long,is seen as a faultcontrolled and vein-,stockwork-and disseminated type deposit.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit predominantly comprises Cu(max.64500 ppm)and Au(max.11.3 ppm),while it comprises relatively less amounts Zn(max.437 ppm),Mo(max.47.5 ppm),Pb(max.134 ppm),and Ag(max.21 ppm).The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz for stage Ⅰ range from 380℃ to 327℃,and 6.9 wt% to 2.6 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.Thand salinities in quartz for stage Ⅱ range from 304℃ to 253℃,and 7.6 wt% to 3.2 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.The calculated δ^(34)S_(h2s)values(-1.5‰ to 5.5‰)of sulfides and especially the narrow range of δ^(34)S_(h2s) values of chalcopyrite and bornite(between -0.07‰ and +0.7‰)indicate that the source of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au mineralization is magmatic.Based on the mineralogical,geochemical,fluid inclusion,and sulfur isotopic data,the Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit represents a late stage peripheral magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization probably underlain by a concealed porphyry deposit.展开更多
The transient and static anti-plane problem of a rigid line inclusion pulled out from an elastic medium is studied.The singular integral equation method is used to solve the stress field.Under the static load,the stre...The transient and static anti-plane problem of a rigid line inclusion pulled out from an elastic medium is studied.The singular integral equation method is used to solve the stress field.Under the static load,the stress intensity factor(SIF)at the inclusion tips increases with the medium length.The problem becomes equivalent to an inclusion in a medium with an infinite length when the length of the medium is 3.5times longer than that of the inclusion.However,under the transient load,the maximum value of the SIF occurs when the medium length is about two times the inclusion length.Besides,the relation between the pull-out force and the anti-plane displacement is given.The conclusions are useful in guiding the design of fiber reinforced composite materials.展开更多
The Liwu stratiform copper deposit is located in the northwestern Jianglang dome,western China.Current studies mainly focus on the genetic type and mineralization of this deposit.Detailed fluid inclusion characteristi...The Liwu stratiform copper deposit is located in the northwestern Jianglang dome,western China.Current studies mainly focus on the genetic type and mineralization of this deposit.Detailed fluid inclusion characteristics of metallogenic period quartz veins were studied to reveal the ore-forming fluid features.Laser Raman analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids is a H_(2)O-NaCl-CH_(4)(-CO_(2))system.Fluid inclusions microthermometry shows a homogenization temperature of 181-375°C and a salinity of 5.26%-16.99%for the disseminated-banded Cu-Zn mineralization;but a homogenization temperature of 142-343°C and a salinity of 5.41%-21.19%for the massive-veined Cu-Zn mineralization.These features suggest a medium-high temperature and a medium salinity for the ore-forming fluids.H-O isotopic data indicates that the ore-forming fluids were mainly from the metamorphic and magmatic water,plus minor formation water.And sulfur isotopic data indicates that sulfur was mainly derived from the formation and magmatic rocks.Metallogenesis of the disseminated-banded mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid mixing and water-rock reaction;whereas that of the massive-veined mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid boiling.The genetic type of the deposit is a medium-high temperature hydrothermal deposit related to magmatism and controlled by shear zones.This study is beneficial to understand the stratiform copper deposit.展开更多
The large-range uncertainties of specific impulse,mass flow per second,aerodynamic coefficients and atmospheric density during rapid turning in solid launch vehicles(SLVs) ascending leads to the deviation of the actua...The large-range uncertainties of specific impulse,mass flow per second,aerodynamic coefficients and atmospheric density during rapid turning in solid launch vehicles(SLVs) ascending leads to the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference one.One of the traditional trajectory tracking methods is to observe the uncertainties by Extended State Observer(ESO) and then modify the control commands.However,ESO cannot accurately estimate the uncertainties when the uncertainty ranges are large,which reduces the guidance accuracy.This paper introduces differential inclusion(DI) and designs a controller to solve the large-range parameter uncertainties problem.When above uncertainties have large ranges,it can be combined with the ascent dynamic equation and described as a DI system in the mathematical form of a set.If the DI system is stabilized,all the subsets are stabilized.Different from the traditional controllers,the parameters of the designed controller are calculated by the uncertain boundaries.Therefore,the controller can solve the problem of large-range parameter uncertainties of in ascending.Firstly,the ascent deviation system is obtained by linearization along the reference trajectory.The trajectory tracking system with engine parameters and aerodynamic uncertainties is described as an ascent DI system with respect to state deviation,which is called DI system.A DI adaptive saturation tracking controller(DIAST) is proposed to stabilize the DI system.Secondly,an improved barrier Lyapunov function(named time-varying tangent-log barrier Lyapunov function) is proposed to constrain the state deviations.Compared with traditional barrier Lyapunov function,it can dynamically adjust the boundary of deviation convergence,which improve the convergence rate and accuracy of altitude,velocity and LTIA deviation.In addition,the correction amplitudes of angle of attack(AOA) and angle of sideslip(AOS) need to be limited in order to guarantee that the overload constraint is not violated during actual flight.In this paper,a fixed time adaptive saturation compensation auxiliary system is designed to shorten the saturation time and accelerate the convergence rate,which eliminates the adverse effects caused by the saturation.Finally,it is proved that the state deviations are ultimately uniformly bounded under the action of DIAST controller.Simulation results show that the DI ascent tracking system is stabilized within the given uncertainty boundary values.The feasible bounds of uncertainty is broadened compared with Integrated Guidance and Control algorithm.Compared with Robust Gain-Scheduling Control method,the robustness to the engine parameters are greatly improved and the control variable is smoother.展开更多
The complexity of diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep reservoirs in southern Junggar Basin restricts hydrocarbon exploration in the lower reservoir assemblage. The lithofacies and diagenesis of reservo...The complexity of diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep reservoirs in southern Junggar Basin restricts hydrocarbon exploration in the lower reservoir assemblage. The lithofacies and diagenesis of reservoirs in the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the Gaoquan structure of the Sikeshu Sag, southern Junggar Basin were analyzed. On this basis, the thermal history was calibrated using calcite in-situ U-Pb dating and fluid inclusion analysis to depict the hydrocarbon accumulation process in the Gaoquan structure. The results show that the Qingshuihe reservoir experienced two phases of calcite cementation and three phases of hydrocarbon charging. The calcite cements are dated to be (122.1±6.4) Ma, (14.4±1.0) Ma - (14.2±0.3) Ma. The hydrocarbon charging events occurred at around 14.2-30.0 Ma (low-mature oil), 14.2 Ma (mature oil), and 2 Ma (high-mature gas). The latter two phases of hydrocarbon charging contributed dominantly to the formation of reservoir. Due to the S-N compressive thrust activity during the late Himalayan period since 2 Ma, the traps in the Gaoquan structure were reshaped, especially the effective traps which developed in the main reservoir-forming period were decreased significantly in scale, resulting in weak hydrocarbon shows in the middle-lower part of the structure. This indicates that the effective traps in key reservoir-forming period controlled hydrocarbon enrichment and distribution in the lower reservoir assemblage. Calcite U-Pb dating combined with fluid inclusion analysis can help effectively describe the complex diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation process in the central-west part of the basin.展开更多
The real world is filled with uncertainty,vagueness,and imprecision.The concepts we meet in everyday life are vague rather than precise.In real-world situations,if a model requires that conclusions drawn from it have ...The real world is filled with uncertainty,vagueness,and imprecision.The concepts we meet in everyday life are vague rather than precise.In real-world situations,if a model requires that conclusions drawn from it have some bearings on reality,then two major problems immediately arise,viz.real situations are not usually crisp and deterministic;complete descriptions of real systems often require more comprehensive data than human beings could recognize simultaneously,process and understand.Conventional mathematical tools which require all inferences to be exact,are not always efficient to handle imprecisions in a wide variety of practical situations.Following the latter development,a lot of attention has been paid to examining novel L-fuzzy analogues of conventional functional equations and their various applications.In this paper,new coincidence point results for single-valued mappings and an L-fuzzy set-valued map in metric spaces are proposed.Regarding novelty and generality,the obtained invariant point notions are compared with some well-known related concepts via non-trivial examples.It is observed that our principal results subsume and refine some important ones in the corresponding domains.As an application,one of our results is utilized to discussmore general existence conditions for realizing the solutions of a non-integer order inclusion model for COVID-19.展开更多
Flour serves as one of the primary ingredients of cookies,which affects dough properties,physical changes during baking,and post-baking cookie properties.Two gluten-free cookie formulations were developed with the goa...Flour serves as one of the primary ingredients of cookies,which affects dough properties,physical changes during baking,and post-baking cookie properties.Two gluten-free cookie formulations were developed with the goal of use as inclusions in frozen desserts.Blonde and chocolate cookies were made with sorghum flour or all-purpose wheat flour and then evaluated for physical and chemical properties.To determine functionality in a frozen state,texture analysis was conducted on cookies at−30℃,−17°C,and 20℃,replicating various ice cream storage temperatures.To simulate the process effect of incorporating the product into a frozen dessert,cookies were crumbled mechanically,and the crumbles were separated based on size.When evaluating cookies,no significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in width(W),thickness(T),spread,and W/T ratio for flour source within formula.Blonde cookies had lower moisture contents than chocolate cookies;further,blonde cookies made from sorghum flour had less moisture than those made with wheat flour.As the cookie temperature decreased from 20℃to−17℃,cookie hardness increased,with flour type having no effect.Within formula,cookies had similar instrumental color parameters.However,blonde cookies made from sorghum flour produced more smaller-sized pieces than those made from wheat flour.The results of this study demonstrate that sorghum flour cookies have desirable properties for use as inclusions in ice cream and other frozen desserts.展开更多
With the development of artificial intelligence,stiffness sensors are extensively utilized in various fields,and their integration with robots for automated palpation has gained significant attention.This study presen...With the development of artificial intelligence,stiffness sensors are extensively utilized in various fields,and their integration with robots for automated palpation has gained significant attention.This study presents a broad range self-powered stiffness sensor based on the triboelectric nanogenerator(Stiff-TENG)for variable inclusions in soft objects detection.The Stiff-TENG employs a stacked structure comprising an indium tin oxide film,an elastic sponge,a fluorinated ethylene propylene film with a conductive ink electrode,and two acrylic pieces with a shielding layer.Through the decoupling method,the Stiff-TENG achieves stiffness detection of objects within 1.0 s.The output performance and characteristics of the TENG for different stiffness objects under 4 mm displacement are analyzed.The Stiff-TENG is successfully used to detect the heterogeneous stiffness structures,enabling effective recognition of variable inclusions in soft object,reaching a recognition accuracy of 99.7%.Furthermore,its adaptability makes it well-suited for the detection of pathological conditions within the human body,as pathological tissues often exhibit changes in the stiffness of internal organs.This research highlights the innovative applications of TENG and thereby showcases its immense potential in healthcare applications such as palpation which assesses pathological conditions based on organ stiffness.展开更多
Deciphering hydrocarbon generation and accumulation stage is of significance to understand oil and gas evolution and seek exploration targets.Taking the Upper Paleozoic buried-hills in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Ba...Deciphering hydrocarbon generation and accumulation stage is of significance to understand oil and gas evolution and seek exploration targets.Taking the Upper Paleozoic buried-hills in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,as a case study,hydrocarbon generation environment and detailed accumulation process are revealed by fluid inclusions observations,Laser Raman spectroscopy,Fourier Infrared spectroscopy,and K-Ar isotope measurements.The results show that both oil and gas inclusion were captured in the quartz overgrowth,dissolved feldspar and calcite microfractures,showing blue to dark brown fluoresce.The grains containing oil inclusions index(GOI)of oil,oil&gas and gas being 25%,65%,and 10%and the inclusions with abundant methyl groups and short chains,both indicate high thermal maturity.One series of fluids inclusion is generally observed,evidenced by the concentrated homogenization temperature of 135-145℃ and salinity of 3%-15 w.t.%NaCl equiv,indicating one primary charging stage.The gas and gas&liquid inclusions mainly contain CH_(4),with also peaks indicating CO_(2) and N_(2.)The Carboniferous and Permian biomarkers show reducing environment with brackish water,with organic matter sources both from marine and continental.The relative content ofααα20RC_(27),ααα20RC_(28),andααα20RC_(29) exhibit source contributions both from algae and higher plants,and mainly of II2 to III kerogen.Both coal derived gas and oil associated hydrocarbons are identified from most of the buried-hills.Combining the fluid homogenization temperature and salinity,as well as the thermal evolution history,the hydrocarbon generated from the Upper Paleozoic was concentrated at the end of the Eocene(40 Ma±),while the beginning of charging is 60 Ma±.The Wumaying Buried-hill is of only coal derived gas and has potential for inner coal measure natural gas exploration.The results provide a detailed understanding of hydrocarbon accumulations in the study area,which can also be reference for improving petroleum exploration efficiency in similar basins.展开更多
This study examines the effects of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor and the mediating mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship activity using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and th...This study examines the effects of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor and the mediating mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship activity using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and the provincial index of digital financial inclusion.Through the empirical test of the Probit model and mediation effect model,we found that:firstly,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor,with the level of digitalization having the most significant impact;secondly,by encouraging innovation and entrepreneurial activity,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor;thirdly,the driving effect of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor is more pronounced among the unmarried,eastern region,and male labor.Therefore,we should improve the construction of rural digital infrastructure and accelerate the development of inclusive rural finance to promote more diversified non-farm employment options for“disadvantaged groups”;encourage and support innovation at the government level,and create a favorable atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship.Simultaneously,farmers’digital literacy and financial knowledge should be improved so that more can adopt and take advantage of digital financial inclusion.展开更多
In the present work,the turbulent mixing process of a polydisperse quartz particle flow with a plasma stream generated by a radio-frequency(RF)inductively coupled plasma torch was numerically studied.The thermobaric s...In the present work,the turbulent mixing process of a polydisperse quartz particle flow with a plasma stream generated by a radio-frequency(RF)inductively coupled plasma torch was numerically studied.The thermobaric stress in the quartz particles under dynamic heating in a heterogeneous plasma flow was determined by a two-stage approximation approach.The effect of the presence of vacuoles in natural quartz on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was studied.It was found that the equivalent thermal and baric stresses in quartz particles may significantly increase in the presence of vacuoles within a small gas volume fraction.The influence of the regime and energetic working conditions of an RF inductively coupled plasma torch system on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was examined,and a recommendation was given to promote the degree of thermobaric destruction of quartz particles,which is of substantial importance for improving the overall enrichment efficiency of quartz concentrates.展开更多
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11872119,12172051,and 11972329)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2021CFB120)。
文摘Chemical inclusions significantly alter shock responses of crystalline explosives in macroscale gap experiments but their microscale dynamics origin remains unclear.Herein shock-induced energy localization,overall physical responses,and reactions in a-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(a-RDX)crystal entrained various chemical inclusions were investigated by the multi-scale shock technique implemented in the reactive molecular dynamics method.Results indicated that energy localization and shock reaction were affected by the intrinsic factors within chemical inclusions,i.e.,phase states,chemical compositions,and concentrations.The atomic origin of chemical-inclusions effects on energy localization is dependent on the dynamics mechanism of interfacial molecules with free space volume,which includes homogeneous intermolecular compression,interfacial impact and shear,and void collapse and jet.As introducing various chemical inclusions,the initiation of those dynamics mechanisms triggers diverse decay rates of bulk RDX molecules and hereby impacts on growth speeds of final reactions.Adding chemical inclusions can reduce the effectiveness of the void during the shock impacting.Under the shockwave velocity of 9 km/s,the parent RDX decay rate in RDX entrained amorphous carbon decreases the most and is about one fourth of that in RDX with a vacuum void,and solid HMX and TATB inclusions are more reactive than amorphous carbon but less reactive than dry air or acetone inclusions.The lessdense shocking system denotes the greater increases in local temperature and stress,the faster energy liberation,and the earlier final reaction into equilibrium,revealing more pronounced responses to the present intense shockwave.The quantitative models associated with the relative system density(RD_(sys))were proposed for indicating energy-localization mechanisms and evaluating initiation safety in the shocked crystalline explosive.RD_(sys)is defined by the density ratio of defective RDX to perfect crystal after dynamics relaxation and reveals the global density characteristic in shocked systems filled with chemical inclusions.When RD_(sys)is below 0.9,local hydrodynamic jet initiated by void collapse dominates upon energy localization instead of interfacial impact.This study sheds light on novel insights for understanding the shock chemistry and physical-based atomic origin in crystalline explosives considering chemical-inclusions effects.
基金support from several sources,including the Backbone Teacher Training Program(10912-SJGG2021-04233)the Teaching Reform Project of Chengdu University of Technology(JG2130131)+1 种基金the University-Industry Collaborative Education Project,Ministry of Education,China(22097130210756)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272129).
文摘The Yueguang gold deposit is located in Fengjia,Xinhua County,Hunan Province,South China.It represents a recently discovered small-scale gold deposit situated in the southwestern region of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,west of the Baimashan granitic batholith.In order to discern the characteristics of the ore-formingfluids,the underlying mineralization processes,and establish a foundation for the origin of the Yueguang gold depositfluid inclusion micro-thermometry,as well as quartz hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis,have been carried out on samples obtained from various stages of mineralization.The hydrothermal miner-alization stages within the Yueguang gold deposit can be categorized into three stages:(i)the barren,pre-ore quartz-pyrite stage(Stage Ⅰ),the quartz-pyrite-gold stage(Stage Ⅱ),and the post-ore quartz-carbonate stage(Stage Ⅲ),with the second stage being the main mineralization stage.Thefluid inclusions identified in samples from the main min-eralization stage can predominantly be described with the NaCl–H_(2)O and CO_(2)–NaCl–H_(2)O systems.These inclusions display homogenization temperatures ranging from 158.8 to 334.9℃,and thefluid salinity ranges from 0.3%to 4.0%(wt.%NaCl equiv.).Laser Raman spectroscopy analysis of individual inclusions further reveals the presence of gas-phases such as CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2).Isotopic analysis indicatesδ^(18)Ofluid values ranging from 3.95 to 6.7‰ and δDH_(2)O values ranging from-71.9 to-55.7‰.These results indi-cate that the ore-formingfluid of the Yueguang gold deposit belongs to metamorphic hydrothermalfluids of middle-low temperature and low salinity.In the process of ore formation,gold is transported in the form of Au(HS)2-complexes,with gold deposition being driven byfluid immiscibility.Therefore,the Yueguang gold deposit is categorized as an orogenic gold deposit dominated by metamorphic hydrother-malfluid.It may become a new target for gold exploration in the Baimashan region,central Hunan Province.
文摘In this presentation,the author explores strategies and activities that create a welcoming and nurturing environment for LGBTQIA+foreign language students at the college level in the United States.Indeed,as it is commonly stated,there is a clear lack of visibility,acceptance/tolerance,and inclusion of LGBTQIA+voices(active and proactive)in foreign language teaching and learning(pedagogical material as well as in-class attitudes and delivery).The reasons for this deficiency are diverse since they cover not only outward discrimination against and/or indifference(passive-aggressive behavior)toward the LGBTQIA+community and its plight,but they also illustrate the sheer,physical inexistence of quality material that can be used to create,present,and foster a welcoming and all-encompassing classroom environment that addresses the diverse spectrum of the LGBTQIA+community while its members try to learn a foreign language and(positively)negotiate how to express their very identity in their new language of choice.Moreover,the scant material that is available in the United States as well as in other Western countries where the LGBTQIA+community by and large is accepted-at least from the legal point of view-hardly represents and covers the subject matter in a satisfactory way.To address this gap,the author will provide some examples in European Portuguese(EP)and Italian(IT),followed by a courtesy translation in English,to illustrate some positive activities and strategies for including LGBTQIA+-related subject matter in the foreign language classroom at the college level.It is his desire that instructors of other foreign languages duplicate in their respective vernaculars the strategies and activities herein presented in order to create a welcoming and safe classroom environment that embraces the LGBTQIA+community as it goes through the enjoyable journey of learning a new language and culture.
基金2023 Guangdong Provincial Education Science Planning Project(Higher Education Special Project)“Empirical Study on the Spatial Optimization of the Relationship between Human Capital and Industrial Structure in Guangdong Province under the Support of Higher Education Services”(No.2023GXJK144)。
文摘This study explores the development trajectory of digital financial inclusion in 21 cities in Guangdong Province through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA).The findings emphasize that the success of digital financial inclusion goes beyond individual dimensions,forming a systematic initiative marked by multifaceted interaction among different disciplines.In the trajectory of high-level digital inclusive finance development,the study identifies economic prosperity and technological innovation as crucial elements,highlighting their centrality,and elucidates the synergistic collaboration between market mechanisms and government guidance.Furthermore,the study emphasizes the government’s pivotal role in supporting market mechanisms and guiding policies,highlighting the need to achieve a nuanced equilibrium in the digital financial inclusion strategy.In contrast,non-high-level development paths of digital inclusive finance show a spectrum of diversities,emphasizing the critical roles played by economic fundamentals,government regulation,market mechanisms,and other contextual factors in different trajectories.Regarding policy implications,the study emphasizes the comprehensive and systemic nature inherent in the development of digital inclusive finance.It proposes four policy recommendations,including integrating development strategies,emphasizing scientific and technological innovation and economic development,achieving a delicate balance between market mechanisms and government guidance,and providing precise policy support.These insights provide valuable lessons for shaping digital inclusive financial policies in Guangdong Province and beyond,offering profound insights for strategically constructing robust digital financial ecosystems.
基金financially supported by the Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20220357)the National Science Foundation of China (No.52130408)。
文摘Mold flux serves the crucial metallurgical function of absorbing inclusions, directly impacting the smoothness of the casting process as well as the cast slab quality. In this study, the dissolution behavior and mechanism of Ti O_(2)and Ti N inclusions in molten Ca O–Si O_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)-based fluorine-free mold flux were explored by in situ single hot thermocouple technology combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results showed that Ti O_(2) inclusions are effectively dissolved by the molten slag within 76 s, during which the original octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures are destroyed and convert to the networker tetrahedral [Ti O_(4)]^(4-)structures. However, the dissolution rate is much lower for Ti N inclusions than for Ti O_(2)inclusions. This can be attributed to the fact that the Ti N particles need to be oxidized and then dissolved in the molten slag to form tetrahedral [Ti O4]4-and octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures during the Ti N inclusion dissolution process, which is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of N_(2)gas. Moreover, Ca Ti O_(3)crystals tend to nucleate and grow on bubble surfaces with sufficient octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures and Ca^(2+)ions, eventually resulting in the molten slag being in a solid–liquid mixed state.
文摘Fluid inclusion signal strength and visual inclusion abundance are generally lower along migration pathways than in charged reservoirs from the same area. A zone that displays strong fluid inclusion stratigraphy (FIS) hydrocarbon indications and high visualized petroleum inclusion abundance, indicates paleo-charge or in some cases a migration pathway, e.g, where inclusion abundance is enhanced by extensive microfracturing. In this study, fluid inclusion data are interpreted in seven offshore wells of the Lamu Basin to enhance the understanding of hydrocarbon generation, migration and migration pathways. The study also examines the interrelationship among rock texture, rock composition and trapped fluid distribution in the study area. The studies were based on FIS analyzed data courtesy of Fluid Inclusion Technologies (FIT) Inc. in USA laboratories. FIT conducted analysis on 391 samples from the Paleocene to Upper Jurassic (Kiboko-1 well), 249 from the Paleoecene to Campanian (Kubwa-1 well), 106 from the Maastrichtian to Turonian (Mbawa-1 well), 59 from the Eocene to Campanian (Pomboo-1 well), 26 form the Lower Eocene to Maastrichtian (Simba-1 well), 16 from the Eocene to Maastrichtian (Kipini-1 well) and 11 from the Maastrichtian to Campanian (Kofia-1 well). It also made analysis on sidewall core sample plates, with 44 from the Maastrichtian to Campanian (Kubwa-1 well), 108 from the Campanian to Upper Jurassic (Kiboko-1 well) and 8 from the Campanian (Pomboo-1 well) for petrographic evaluation. For photomicroscopy, thin sections were examined under a petrographic microscope using Ultra Violet (UV) fluorescence and microthermometry, in order to verify the presence of petroleum bearing inclusions in the rock samples and to explore textural relationships that may yield additional information on the timing of hydrocarbon migration or generation. Gas shows in Mbawa-1 well is a result of generated hydrocarbons from the carbonate interbeds in the Upper Cretaceous. Gas shows are pockets trapped in the thin carbonate rich beds. There is low abundance of upper-low, moderate and upper-moderate gravity liquid petroleum inclusions in Kubwa-1 well (central deep offshore). The low abundance suggests migration events rather than paleo-accumulations, possibly involving several discrete charges. Despite sufficient vitrinite reflectance and total organic carbon (TOC) content, the temperatures are still insufficient for hydrocarbon generation in the southern deep offshore in the region where Kiboko-1 well is located. There is no sufficient evidence for access to mature source rocks in the deep offshore basin.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant.No.2019YFA0708503)。
文摘It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs.However,the location of carbon storage in Earth's interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment remain unclear.In this study,we report CO_(2)-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the mantle xenoliths of late Cenozoic basalts from the Penglai area,Hainan Province,which may shed some light on the carbon enrichment process in the lithospheric mantle.We also present a detailed petrological and geochemical investigation of the late Cenozoic basalts and mantle xenoliths from northern Hainan Island.The collected samples of late Cenozoic Hainan Island basalts belong to both alkaline and subalkaline series,showing fractionated REE patterns with high(La/Yb)_(N)values of 3.52–11.77,which are typical for OIB.Based on Al-in-olivine thermometry,the temperatures estimated for the mantle xenoliths can be divided into two groups.One group has temperatures of less than 1050℃,and the other group has temperature ranging from 1050℃to 1282℃.Clinopyroxene(La/Yb)_(N)–Ti/Eu and clinopyroxene Ca/Al–Mg^(#)diagrams indicate that the mantle peridotite experienced metasomatism from both silicate and carbonate melts.Melt inclusions in the olivine of mantle xenoliths include(1)CO_(2)bubble–rich melt inclusions;(2)multiphase melt inclusions(glass+CO_(2)bubble+daughter minerals);(3)pure glass melt inclusions.Magnesite is a daughter mineral in the olivine-hosted melt inclusions,which could be interpreted as a secondary mineral formed by the interactions of CO_(2)-rich fluids with an olivine host,due to post-entrapment effects.The glasses in olivine-hosted melt inclusions have high SiO_(2)contents(60.21–77.72 wt%).Our results suggest that a considerable amount of CO_(2)-rich melt inclusions are captured in the lithospheric mantle during metasomatism.The lithospheric mantle can therefore act as is a‘carbon trap',with much CO_(2)being absorbed by the lithospheric mantle in this way.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42171188)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.2022A1515010992)。
文摘The vigorous development of information and communications technology has accelerated reshaping of the financial industry. The COVID-19 pandemic has further catalyzed the demand for digital financial services. Digital financial inclusion relies on information technology to overcome spatial limitations. In this case, the research question is whether it adheres to the spatial laws governing conventional financial activities. This study uses exploratory spatial data analysis and a geographical detector to elucidate the spatiotemporal characteristics and factors influencing digital financial inclusion at the county level in China(Data don’t include that of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China) from 2014 to 2020. The research findings indicate: first, China’s county-level digital financial inclusion is generally increasing and exhibits significant spatial autocorrelation. Second, population density, level of traditional financial development, government regulation, and education level are key determinants of China’s county-level digital financial inclusion. Third,policies should be differentiated by region to narrow the spatial gap in digital financial inclusion. The results provide a reference for other developing countries on using digital technology to develop financial inclusion.
基金funded by a Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.D2020403019)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant Nos.D2020403101 and D2019403041)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.ZD2020134)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41702094 and 41672070)the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Hebei GEO University(Grant No.KJCXTD-2021-02)。
文摘To shed light on the genesis of the Dongping deposit and reveal the behaviour of CO_(2),Au and other ore elements(e.g.,Cu,Fe,Zn,As,Sb,Co etc.)in ore-forming fluids,petrographic,microthermometric and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SRXRF)analyses of fluid inclusions were conducted.The ore-forming fluid is characterized as an H_(2)O-CO_(2)-NaCl system with medium-high temperatures and low salinity.Four mineralization stages are identified,namely,feldsparquartz(stage 1);pyrite-white quartz(stage 2);sulfide-smoky grey quartz(stage 3);and carbonate-quartz(stage 4).Three types of inclusions were distinguished,based on fluid composition,phase assemblages and mode of homogenization.Type A:H_(2)O-rich fluid inclusions show 2 phases(liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+vapour H_(2)O(VH_(2)O))at room temperature and homogenize to the liquid phase.Type B:H_(2)O-CO_(2)fluid inclusions contain 2–3 phases(liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+vapour CO_(2)(VCO_(2));liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+liquid CO_(2)(LCO_(2)));liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+liquid CO_(2)(LCO_(2))+vapour CO_(2)(VCO_(2)))at room temperature and homogenized to the liquid H_(2)O phase.Type C:H_(2)O-CO_(2)fluid inclusions show 2 phases(liquid H_(2)O(LH_(2)O)+liquid CO_(2)(LCO_(2))at room temperature and homogenize to a critical state.CO_(2)is clearly more enriched in the fluid inclusions of stages 2 and 3 than in stage 1.Stage 1 is dominated by type A(H_(2)O-rich)inclusions with homogenization temperatures(Th)of 220–359℃and salinities of 1.1–3.1 wt%NaCl equivalent.Type B(CO_(2)-rich)inclusions gradually increase in stages 2 and 3.The Th range of type B inclusions in stage 2 is 241–397℃with salinities of 2.2–6.9 wt%NaCl equivalent;the Th range of type A inclusions is 217–373℃with salinities of 1.2–8.1 wt%NaCl equivalent.The Th range of type B inclusions in stage 3 is 215–361℃with salinities of 2.9–6.1 wt%NaCl equivalent;the range of type A inclusions is 158–351℃with a salinity of 0.7–5.5 wt%NaCl equivalent.Stage 4 is characterized by type A with Th of 151–250℃and salinities of 0.9–8.3 wt%NaCl equivalent.The mapping results show that elements As,Te and Sb are more concentrated in vapour CO_(2)than in liquid H_(2)O at room temperature,which suggests that vapour components are more able to transport elements when phase separation occurs.The SRXRF quantitative results show that Au,Cl,S and some other metals are obviously more enriched in the fluid inclusions of stages 2 and 3 than those in stage 1.Additionally,the contents of S in stages 1–3 are much lower than those of Cl,which suggests that gold might migrate mainly in the form of a gold-chloride complex.Au is more enriched in type B fluid inclusions than in type A fluid inclusions,which suggests that the enrichment and migration of gold are closely related to CO_(2)and CO_(2)plays a critical role in the migration and enrichment of gold.The trace elements in the fluid have a similar change trend to those in the Yanshanian syenogranite distributed in the southeastern part of the mining area,which may provide some evidence for an intrusion-related genesis for the Dongping gold deposit.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination of Konya Technical University(Grant No.211007014)。
文摘The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks.The Cu-Au mineralization is commonly related to quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration dominantly composed of chalcopyrite,gold,sphalerite,pyrite,bornite,hematite,covellite,chalcocite,malachite,and azurite.The Goshgarchay copper-gold deposit,which is 600 m wide and approximately 1.2 km long,is seen as a faultcontrolled and vein-,stockwork-and disseminated type deposit.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit predominantly comprises Cu(max.64500 ppm)and Au(max.11.3 ppm),while it comprises relatively less amounts Zn(max.437 ppm),Mo(max.47.5 ppm),Pb(max.134 ppm),and Ag(max.21 ppm).The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz for stage Ⅰ range from 380℃ to 327℃,and 6.9 wt% to 2.6 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.Thand salinities in quartz for stage Ⅱ range from 304℃ to 253℃,and 7.6 wt% to 3.2 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.The calculated δ^(34)S_(h2s)values(-1.5‰ to 5.5‰)of sulfides and especially the narrow range of δ^(34)S_(h2s) values of chalcopyrite and bornite(between -0.07‰ and +0.7‰)indicate that the source of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au mineralization is magmatic.Based on the mineralogical,geochemical,fluid inclusion,and sulfur isotopic data,the Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit represents a late stage peripheral magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization probably underlain by a concealed porphyry deposit.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(Nos.2022A1515010801 and 2023A1515012641)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program of China(Nos.JCYJ20220818102409020 and GXWD20220811165158003)。
文摘The transient and static anti-plane problem of a rigid line inclusion pulled out from an elastic medium is studied.The singular integral equation method is used to solve the stress field.Under the static load,the stress intensity factor(SIF)at the inclusion tips increases with the medium length.The problem becomes equivalent to an inclusion in a medium with an infinite length when the length of the medium is 3.5times longer than that of the inclusion.However,under the transient load,the maximum value of the SIF occurs when the medium length is about two times the inclusion length.Besides,the relation between the pull-out force and the anti-plane displacement is given.The conclusions are useful in guiding the design of fiber reinforced composite materials.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272106,41202067)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research,Nanjing University(2019-LAMD-K12)China Geological Survey(DD20211386,DD20211392,DD20179603).
文摘The Liwu stratiform copper deposit is located in the northwestern Jianglang dome,western China.Current studies mainly focus on the genetic type and mineralization of this deposit.Detailed fluid inclusion characteristics of metallogenic period quartz veins were studied to reveal the ore-forming fluid features.Laser Raman analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids is a H_(2)O-NaCl-CH_(4)(-CO_(2))system.Fluid inclusions microthermometry shows a homogenization temperature of 181-375°C and a salinity of 5.26%-16.99%for the disseminated-banded Cu-Zn mineralization;but a homogenization temperature of 142-343°C and a salinity of 5.41%-21.19%for the massive-veined Cu-Zn mineralization.These features suggest a medium-high temperature and a medium salinity for the ore-forming fluids.H-O isotopic data indicates that the ore-forming fluids were mainly from the metamorphic and magmatic water,plus minor formation water.And sulfur isotopic data indicates that sulfur was mainly derived from the formation and magmatic rocks.Metallogenesis of the disseminated-banded mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid mixing and water-rock reaction;whereas that of the massive-veined mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid boiling.The genetic type of the deposit is a medium-high temperature hydrothermal deposit related to magmatism and controlled by shear zones.This study is beneficial to understand the stratiform copper deposit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61627810, 61790562 and 61403096)。
文摘The large-range uncertainties of specific impulse,mass flow per second,aerodynamic coefficients and atmospheric density during rapid turning in solid launch vehicles(SLVs) ascending leads to the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference one.One of the traditional trajectory tracking methods is to observe the uncertainties by Extended State Observer(ESO) and then modify the control commands.However,ESO cannot accurately estimate the uncertainties when the uncertainty ranges are large,which reduces the guidance accuracy.This paper introduces differential inclusion(DI) and designs a controller to solve the large-range parameter uncertainties problem.When above uncertainties have large ranges,it can be combined with the ascent dynamic equation and described as a DI system in the mathematical form of a set.If the DI system is stabilized,all the subsets are stabilized.Different from the traditional controllers,the parameters of the designed controller are calculated by the uncertain boundaries.Therefore,the controller can solve the problem of large-range parameter uncertainties of in ascending.Firstly,the ascent deviation system is obtained by linearization along the reference trajectory.The trajectory tracking system with engine parameters and aerodynamic uncertainties is described as an ascent DI system with respect to state deviation,which is called DI system.A DI adaptive saturation tracking controller(DIAST) is proposed to stabilize the DI system.Secondly,an improved barrier Lyapunov function(named time-varying tangent-log barrier Lyapunov function) is proposed to constrain the state deviations.Compared with traditional barrier Lyapunov function,it can dynamically adjust the boundary of deviation convergence,which improve the convergence rate and accuracy of altitude,velocity and LTIA deviation.In addition,the correction amplitudes of angle of attack(AOA) and angle of sideslip(AOS) need to be limited in order to guarantee that the overload constraint is not violated during actual flight.In this paper,a fixed time adaptive saturation compensation auxiliary system is designed to shorten the saturation time and accelerate the convergence rate,which eliminates the adverse effects caused by the saturation.Finally,it is proved that the state deviations are ultimately uniformly bounded under the action of DIAST controller.Simulation results show that the DI ascent tracking system is stabilized within the given uncertainty boundary values.The feasible bounds of uncertainty is broadened compared with Integrated Guidance and Control algorithm.Compared with Robust Gain-Scheduling Control method,the robustness to the engine parameters are greatly improved and the control variable is smoother.
基金Supported by PetroChina Science and Technology Development Project(2023ZZ0206,2021DJ0303,2021DJ0105,2021DJ0203)National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(U22B6002).
文摘The complexity of diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep reservoirs in southern Junggar Basin restricts hydrocarbon exploration in the lower reservoir assemblage. The lithofacies and diagenesis of reservoirs in the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in the Gaoquan structure of the Sikeshu Sag, southern Junggar Basin were analyzed. On this basis, the thermal history was calibrated using calcite in-situ U-Pb dating and fluid inclusion analysis to depict the hydrocarbon accumulation process in the Gaoquan structure. The results show that the Qingshuihe reservoir experienced two phases of calcite cementation and three phases of hydrocarbon charging. The calcite cements are dated to be (122.1±6.4) Ma, (14.4±1.0) Ma - (14.2±0.3) Ma. The hydrocarbon charging events occurred at around 14.2-30.0 Ma (low-mature oil), 14.2 Ma (mature oil), and 2 Ma (high-mature gas). The latter two phases of hydrocarbon charging contributed dominantly to the formation of reservoir. Due to the S-N compressive thrust activity during the late Himalayan period since 2 Ma, the traps in the Gaoquan structure were reshaped, especially the effective traps which developed in the main reservoir-forming period were decreased significantly in scale, resulting in weak hydrocarbon shows in the middle-lower part of the structure. This indicates that the effective traps in key reservoir-forming period controlled hydrocarbon enrichment and distribution in the lower reservoir assemblage. Calcite U-Pb dating combined with fluid inclusion analysis can help effectively describe the complex diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation process in the central-west part of the basin.
基金The Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University(KAU),Jeddah,Saudi Arabia has funded this project under Grant Number(G:220-247-1443).
文摘The real world is filled with uncertainty,vagueness,and imprecision.The concepts we meet in everyday life are vague rather than precise.In real-world situations,if a model requires that conclusions drawn from it have some bearings on reality,then two major problems immediately arise,viz.real situations are not usually crisp and deterministic;complete descriptions of real systems often require more comprehensive data than human beings could recognize simultaneously,process and understand.Conventional mathematical tools which require all inferences to be exact,are not always efficient to handle imprecisions in a wide variety of practical situations.Following the latter development,a lot of attention has been paid to examining novel L-fuzzy analogues of conventional functional equations and their various applications.In this paper,new coincidence point results for single-valued mappings and an L-fuzzy set-valued map in metric spaces are proposed.Regarding novelty and generality,the obtained invariant point notions are compared with some well-known related concepts via non-trivial examples.It is observed that our principal results subsume and refine some important ones in the corresponding domains.As an application,one of our results is utilized to discussmore general existence conditions for realizing the solutions of a non-integer order inclusion model for COVID-19.
基金The authors would like to extend an expression of gratitude to the USDA for analyzing particle sizes on the two flour samples.Masters'candidate Janae Brown in the Food Science Institute at Kansas State University(Manhattan,KS,USA)assisted in taking pictures for this publication.The authors acknowledge support from the Kansas State University Research and Extension,publication number 23-087-J.Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S.Department of Agriculture.The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.This work was supported in part by the U.S.Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service.
文摘Flour serves as one of the primary ingredients of cookies,which affects dough properties,physical changes during baking,and post-baking cookie properties.Two gluten-free cookie formulations were developed with the goal of use as inclusions in frozen desserts.Blonde and chocolate cookies were made with sorghum flour or all-purpose wheat flour and then evaluated for physical and chemical properties.To determine functionality in a frozen state,texture analysis was conducted on cookies at−30℃,−17°C,and 20℃,replicating various ice cream storage temperatures.To simulate the process effect of incorporating the product into a frozen dessert,cookies were crumbled mechanically,and the crumbles were separated based on size.When evaluating cookies,no significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in width(W),thickness(T),spread,and W/T ratio for flour source within formula.Blonde cookies had lower moisture contents than chocolate cookies;further,blonde cookies made from sorghum flour had less moisture than those made with wheat flour.As the cookie temperature decreased from 20℃to−17℃,cookie hardness increased,with flour type having no effect.Within formula,cookies had similar instrumental color parameters.However,blonde cookies made from sorghum flour produced more smaller-sized pieces than those made from wheat flour.The results of this study demonstrate that sorghum flour cookies have desirable properties for use as inclusions in ice cream and other frozen desserts.
基金This work is supported by the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62104125 and 62311530102,Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2021ZT09L197)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110887)+1 种基金Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School-Shenzhen Pengrui Young Faculty Program of Shenzhen Pengrui Foundation(No.SZPR2023005)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220530143013030).
文摘With the development of artificial intelligence,stiffness sensors are extensively utilized in various fields,and their integration with robots for automated palpation has gained significant attention.This study presents a broad range self-powered stiffness sensor based on the triboelectric nanogenerator(Stiff-TENG)for variable inclusions in soft objects detection.The Stiff-TENG employs a stacked structure comprising an indium tin oxide film,an elastic sponge,a fluorinated ethylene propylene film with a conductive ink electrode,and two acrylic pieces with a shielding layer.Through the decoupling method,the Stiff-TENG achieves stiffness detection of objects within 1.0 s.The output performance and characteristics of the TENG for different stiffness objects under 4 mm displacement are analyzed.The Stiff-TENG is successfully used to detect the heterogeneous stiffness structures,enabling effective recognition of variable inclusions in soft object,reaching a recognition accuracy of 99.7%.Furthermore,its adaptability makes it well-suited for the detection of pathological conditions within the human body,as pathological tissues often exhibit changes in the stiffness of internal organs.This research highlights the innovative applications of TENG and thereby showcases its immense potential in healthcare applications such as palpation which assesses pathological conditions based on organ stiffness.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072194,U1910205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(800015Z1190,2021YJSDC02).
文摘Deciphering hydrocarbon generation and accumulation stage is of significance to understand oil and gas evolution and seek exploration targets.Taking the Upper Paleozoic buried-hills in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,as a case study,hydrocarbon generation environment and detailed accumulation process are revealed by fluid inclusions observations,Laser Raman spectroscopy,Fourier Infrared spectroscopy,and K-Ar isotope measurements.The results show that both oil and gas inclusion were captured in the quartz overgrowth,dissolved feldspar and calcite microfractures,showing blue to dark brown fluoresce.The grains containing oil inclusions index(GOI)of oil,oil&gas and gas being 25%,65%,and 10%and the inclusions with abundant methyl groups and short chains,both indicate high thermal maturity.One series of fluids inclusion is generally observed,evidenced by the concentrated homogenization temperature of 135-145℃ and salinity of 3%-15 w.t.%NaCl equiv,indicating one primary charging stage.The gas and gas&liquid inclusions mainly contain CH_(4),with also peaks indicating CO_(2) and N_(2.)The Carboniferous and Permian biomarkers show reducing environment with brackish water,with organic matter sources both from marine and continental.The relative content ofααα20RC_(27),ααα20RC_(28),andααα20RC_(29) exhibit source contributions both from algae and higher plants,and mainly of II2 to III kerogen.Both coal derived gas and oil associated hydrocarbons are identified from most of the buried-hills.Combining the fluid homogenization temperature and salinity,as well as the thermal evolution history,the hydrocarbon generated from the Upper Paleozoic was concentrated at the end of the Eocene(40 Ma±),while the beginning of charging is 60 Ma±.The Wumaying Buried-hill is of only coal derived gas and has potential for inner coal measure natural gas exploration.The results provide a detailed understanding of hydrocarbon accumulations in the study area,which can also be reference for improving petroleum exploration efficiency in similar basins.
基金Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Science Foundation Youth Project“Micro-Quantification,Action Mechanism and Impact Research on Financialization of Entity Enterprises”[Grant number.19YJC790106]National Social Science Fund“Mechanism Analysis and Optimization Path Research of Digital Finance Supporting the Improvement of development efficiency of SMEs”[Grant number.21BJY047]+1 种基金Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China:“Research on the Mechanism and Path of Green Finance to Promote Poverty Alleviation in Poor areas in Western China”[Grant number.KJQN201900550]Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China:“Research on Financial Efficiency and High-quality Innovation Development from the Perspective of the Innovation Value Chain”[Grant number.KJQN202000540].
文摘This study examines the effects of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor and the mediating mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship activity using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and the provincial index of digital financial inclusion.Through the empirical test of the Probit model and mediation effect model,we found that:firstly,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor,with the level of digitalization having the most significant impact;secondly,by encouraging innovation and entrepreneurial activity,digital financial inclusion can promote non-farm employment of rural labor;thirdly,the driving effect of digital financial inclusion on non-farm employment of rural labor is more pronounced among the unmarried,eastern region,and male labor.Therefore,we should improve the construction of rural digital infrastructure and accelerate the development of inclusive rural finance to promote more diversified non-farm employment options for“disadvantaged groups”;encourage and support innovation at the government level,and create a favorable atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship.Simultaneously,farmers’digital literacy and financial knowledge should be improved so that more can adopt and take advantage of digital financial inclusion.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202460,52177128)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFC2201100,2021YFC2202804)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M690392,2021TQ0036)Science Foundation for Youth Scholars of the Beijing Institute of TechnologyAdvanced Space Propulsion Laboratory of BICE and the Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology(No.LabASP-2021-04)。
文摘In the present work,the turbulent mixing process of a polydisperse quartz particle flow with a plasma stream generated by a radio-frequency(RF)inductively coupled plasma torch was numerically studied.The thermobaric stress in the quartz particles under dynamic heating in a heterogeneous plasma flow was determined by a two-stage approximation approach.The effect of the presence of vacuoles in natural quartz on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was studied.It was found that the equivalent thermal and baric stresses in quartz particles may significantly increase in the presence of vacuoles within a small gas volume fraction.The influence of the regime and energetic working conditions of an RF inductively coupled plasma torch system on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was examined,and a recommendation was given to promote the degree of thermobaric destruction of quartz particles,which is of substantial importance for improving the overall enrichment efficiency of quartz concentrates.
