At present,there is not much research on mid-story isolated structures in mountainous areas.In this study,a model of a mid-story isolated structure considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)in mountainous areas is es...At present,there is not much research on mid-story isolated structures in mountainous areas.In this study,a model of a mid-story isolated structure considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)in mountainous areas is established along with a model that does not consider SSI.Eight long-period earthquake waves and two ordinary earthquake waves are selected as inputs for the dynamic time history analysis of the structure.The results show that the seismic response of a mid-story isolated structure considering SSI in mountainous areas can be amplified when compared with a structure that does not consider SSI.The structure response under long-period earthquakes is larger than that of ordinary earthquakes.The structure response under far-field harmonic-like earthquakes is larger than that of near-fault pulse-type earthquakes.The structure response under near-fault pulse-type earthquakes is larger than that of far-field non-harmonic earthquakes.When subjected to long-period earthquakes,the displacement of the isolated bearings exceeded the limit value,which led to instability and overturning of the structure.The structure with dampers in the isolated story could adequately control the nonlinear response of the structure,effectively reduce the displacement of the isolated bearings,and provide a convenient,efficient and economic method not only for new construction but also to retrofit existing structures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumors(SFT)are rare spindle cell tumors that are usually benign.A total of 10 cases of SFTs in the upper esophagus have ever been reported.Here,we report the anesthetic management of a pati...BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumors(SFT)are rare spindle cell tumors that are usually benign.A total of 10 cases of SFTs in the upper esophagus have ever been reported.Here,we report the anesthetic management of a patient with a large isolated fibrous tumor of the upper esophagus compressing the tracheal membrane.We also provide a literature review of the current research.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 49 year old male with“cough aggravation and wheezing after exercise”,who underwent esophagectomy for a large isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus.We advise the use of a single-lumen tube with a blocker in patients with difficult airways to reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at all stages of the perioperative period to guide airway management.This case study is the first report of the anesthetic management of a large,isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus.CONCLUSION This rare case emphasizes the importance of perioperative management of anesthesia in patients with large isolated fibrous tumors of the upper esophagus that compress the tracheal membrane.The use of blocker reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at the perioperative period to guide airway mana-gement.展开更多
A new staggered isolated system developed from the mid-story isolated system is the new staggered story isolated system. There are not many studies on this structure currently. In this study, an 18-story new staggered...A new staggered isolated system developed from the mid-story isolated system is the new staggered story isolated system. There are not many studies on this structure currently. In this study, an 18-story new staggered story isolated system model is established using SAP2000. The dynamic nonlinear dynamic alternate method is used to analyze the structure against progressive collapse. Results show that the structure has good resistance to progressive collapse, and there is no progressive collapse under each working condition. The progressive collapse does not occur for the case of removing only one vertical structural member of the new staggered of isolated system. The side column has big influence on this isolated structures’ progressive collapse;the removal of vertical structural member of the isolation layer has less impact on the structure than the removal of the bottom vertical structural member. After the removing of the member, the internal force of the structure will be redistributed, and the axial force of the adjacent columns will change obviously, showing a trend of “near large and far small”.展开更多
Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models con...Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models considering no soil-structure interaction (SSI), considering soil-structure interaction (SSI), and considering structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) were established. Nonlinear seismic response comparative analysis was conducted by varying the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure, as well as the weight of adjacent structure, under different earthquake inputs, in order to obtain the structural response characteristics. The results indicate that the inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure without considering SSI are smaller than those considering SSI and SSSI. The inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure considering SSSI are further affected compared to that of the inter-story isolated structure considering only SSI. As the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure increases, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure decreases. The variation in the spacing between the two structures has a negligible effect on the isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure. With the increase in the weight of adjacent structure, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure becomes more significant. The increasing weight of adjacent structure has an increasing effect on the Isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure.展开更多
The intrinsic chirp of high-order harmonic generation is an important factor limiting the production of ultrashort attosecond pulses.Based on numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation,the generation ...The intrinsic chirp of high-order harmonic generation is an important factor limiting the production of ultrashort attosecond pulses.Based on numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation,the generation process of highorder harmonic from the He atom under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields is studied.In this paper,we propose to achieve quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses by superimposing a higher second-harmonic field on the orthogonal direction of the fundamental frequency field.It is found that the high-energy part of its harmonic emission exhibits small chirp characteristics,which can be used to synthesize isolated attosecond pulses.Through the analysis of the wave packets evolution and the classical motion trajectories of the electron,it is demonstrated that the quasi-chirp-free harmonic can be attributed to the simultaneous return of electrons ionized at different times to the parent particle.The influence of the relative phase of the two pulses on the harmonics is further analyzed,and it is observed that this phenomenon is sensitive to the relative phase,but it can still generate isolated attosecond pulses within a certain phase.展开更多
The optical character recognition for the right to left and cursive languages such as Arabic is challenging and received little attention from researchers in the past compared to the other Latin languages.Moreover,the...The optical character recognition for the right to left and cursive languages such as Arabic is challenging and received little attention from researchers in the past compared to the other Latin languages.Moreover,the absence of a standard publicly available dataset for several low-resource lan-guages,including the Pashto language remained a hurdle in the advancement of language processing.Realizing that,a clean dataset is the fundamental and core requirement of character recognition,this research begins with dataset generation and aims at a system capable of complete language understanding.Keeping in view the complete and full autonomous recognition of the cursive Pashto script.The first achievement of this research is a clean and standard dataset for the isolated characters of the Pashto script.In this paper,a database of isolated Pashto characters for forty four alphabets using various font styles has been introduced.In order to overcome the font style shortage,the graphical software Inkscape has been used to generate sufficient image data samples for each character.The dataset has been pre-processed and reduced in dimensions to 32×32 pixels,and further converted into the binary format with a black background and white text so that it resembles the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology(MNIST)database.The benchmark database is publicly available for further research on the standard GitHub and Kaggle database servers both in pixel and Comma Separated Values(CSV)formats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Ectopic HCC,an extremely rare type of HCC,exhibits a wide range of clinical signs and ra...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Ectopic HCC,an extremely rare type of HCC,exhibits a wide range of clinical signs and radiographic features,making preoperative identification challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old man underwent routine abdominal color ultrasonography,which identified an asymptomatic tumor in the left upper abdomen.The patient had no history of hepatitis,did not drink alcohol,and had no family history of cancer.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed a heterogeneously enhanced lesion between the spleen and stomach that had invaded the diaphragm,with blood supplied by the left inferior phrenic artery.The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery,and HCC was identified by postoperative pathology.Additionally,specific immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the molecular biological characteristics of the HCC.The patient underwent two rounds of hepatic arterial interventional chemotherapy after surgery.Abdominal plain and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and lung CT 3 mo postoperatively revealed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis.CONCLUSION This asymptomatic ectopic HCC case described achieved an excellent result due to early detection,radical resection,and systematic surveillance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia(ILVAH),also known as truncated left ventricle(LV),is a very unusual cardiomyopathy.It is characterised by a truncated,spherical,and non-apex forming LV.The true a...BACKGROUND Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia(ILVAH),also known as truncated left ventricle(LV),is a very unusual cardiomyopathy.It is characterised by a truncated,spherical,and non-apex forming LV.The true apex is occupied by the right ventricle.Due to the rarity of the disease,just a few case reports and limited case series have been published in the field.AIM To analysing the so far 37 reported ILVAH cases worldwide.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed and Scopus were investigated from their establishment up to December 13,2022.RESULTS The majority of cases reported occurred in males(52.7%).Mean age at diagnosis was 26.1±19.6 years.More than a third of the patients were asymptomatic(35.1%).The most usual clinical presentation was breathlessness(40.5%).The most commonly detected electrocardiogram changes were T wave abnormalities(29.7%)and right axis deviation with poor R wave progression(24.3%).Atrial fibrillation/flutter was detected in 24.3%.Echocardiography was performed in 97.3%of cases and cardiac MRI in 91.9%of cases.Ejection fraction was reduced in more than a half of patients(56.7%).An associated congenital heart disease was found in 16.2%.Heart failure therapy was administered in 35.1%of patients.The outcome was favorable in the vast majority of patients,with just one death.CONCLUSION ILVAH is a multifaceted entity with a so far unpredictable course,ranging from benign until the elderly to sudden death during adolescence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Isolated gallbladder injury(GI)(IGI)directly induced by abdominal trauma is rare.Symptoms,indications,and imaging examinations of IGI are frequently non-specific,posing tremendous diagnostic challenges,whic...BACKGROUND Isolated gallbladder injury(GI)(IGI)directly induced by abdominal trauma is rare.Symptoms,indications,and imaging examinations of IGI are frequently non-specific,posing tremendous diagnostic challenges,which are simple to overlook and may have severe implications.Improving doctors'understanding of gallbladder injury(GI)facilitates early detection and decreases the likelihood of severe consequences,including death.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of IGI caused by blunt violence(after falling from three meters with the umbilicus as the stress point)and performed laparoscopic repair of the gallbladder rupture,which helps clinicians understand IGI and reduce the severe consequences of delayed diagnosis.Through extensive medical history and dynamic abdominal ultrasound evaluation,doctors can identify GI early and begin surgery,thereby decreasing the devastating repercussions of delayed diagnosis.CONCLUSION This article aims to improve clinicians'understanding of IGI and propose a method for the diagnosis and treatment of GI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute leg compartment syndrome is a well-known orthopedic emergency associated with potentially devastating consequences if not treated immediately.Multiple compartments are usually involved with a clear hi...BACKGROUND Acute leg compartment syndrome is a well-known orthopedic emergency associated with potentially devastating consequences if not treated immediately.Multiple compartments are usually involved with a clear history of trauma and classic symptoms and signs.However,isolated lateral leg compartment syndrome is relatively rare and is often misdiagnosed due to the atypical presentation of no trauma and the lack of pathognomonic signs.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old male patient presented to our emergency room with excruciating left calf pain and inability to mobilize one-day after participating in a football match despite no clear history of preceding trauma.The patient went to another hospital before presenting to us where he was diagnosed to have a soft tissue injury and was discharged home on simple analgesics.On clinical examination,the left leg showed a tense lateral compartment with severe tenderness.The pain was aggravated by dorsiflexion and ankle inversion.Neurovascular examination of the limb was normal.We suspected a compartment syndrome but as the presentation was atypical and an magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was readily available in our institution,we immediately performed an MRI and this confirmed a large hematoma in the lateral compartment with a possible partial proximal peroneus longus muscle tear.The patient was taken immediately for an emergency open fasciotomy.The patient is now 18 mo postoperatively having recovered completely and engages fully in sports with no restrictions.CONCLUSION Atypical presentation due to the lack of pathognomonic signs makes the diagnosis of isolated lateral leg compartment syndrome difficult.Pain on passive inversion and dorsiflexion and weak active eversion may be suggested as sensitive signs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hip fractures(HF)are common among the aging population,and surgery within 48 h is recommended.Patients can be hospitalized for surgery through different pathways,either trauma or medicine admitting services...BACKGROUND Hip fractures(HF)are common among the aging population,and surgery within 48 h is recommended.Patients can be hospitalized for surgery through different pathways,either trauma or medicine admitting services.AIM To compare management and outcomes among patients admitted through the trauma pathway(TP)vs medical pathway(MP).METHODS This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study included 2094 patients with proximal femur fractures(AO/Orthopedic Trauma Association Type 31)who underwent surgery at a level 1 trauma center between 2016-2021.There were 69 patients admitted through the TP and 2025 admitted through the MP.To ensure comparability between groups,66 of the 2025 MP patients were propensity matched to 66 TP patients by age,sex,HF type,HF surgery,and American Society of Anesthesiology score.The statistical analyses included multivariable analysis,group characteristics,and bivariate correlation comparisons with theχ^(2)test and t-test.RESULTS After propensity matching,the mean age in both groups was 75-years-old,62%of both groups were females,the main HF type was intertrochanteric(TP 52%vs MP 62%),open reduction internal fixation was the most common surgery(TP 68%vs MP 71%),and the mean American Society of Anesthesiology score was 2.8 for TP and 2.7 for MP.The majority of patients in TP and MP(71%vs 74%)were geriatric(≥65-years-old).Falls were the main mechanism of injury in both groups(77%vs 97%,P=0.001).There were no significant differences in pre-surgery anticoagulation use(49%vs 41%),admission day of the week,or insurance status.The incidence of comorbidities was equal(94%for both)with cardiac comorbidities being dominant in both groups(71%vs 73%).The number of preoperative consultations was similar for TP and MP,with the most common consultation being cardiology in both(44%and 36%).HF displacement occurred more among TP patients(76%vs 39%,P=0.000).Time to surgery was not statistically different(23 h in both),but length of surgery was significantly longer for TP(59 min vs 41 min,P=0.000).Intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were not statistically different(5 d vs 8 d and 6 d for both).There were no statistical differences in discharge disposition and mortality(3%vs 0%).CONCLUSION There were no differences in outcomes of surgeries between admission through TP vs MP.The focus should be on the patient’s health condition and on prompt surgical intervention.展开更多
The breeding biology of a captive, isolated population of Dalmatian Pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) at theShanghaiZoo,China, was studied from 2007 to 2019. The breeding age of the Dalmatian Pelicans was estimated at thre...The breeding biology of a captive, isolated population of Dalmatian Pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) at theShanghaiZoo,China, was studied from 2007 to 2019. The breeding age of the Dalmatian Pelicans was estimated at three to four years old, and they started breeding in late October or early November. The clutch size varied between one and two eggs per nest, and the eggs were 83.2 ±4.8 mmin length, 55.6 ±2.9 mmin breadth and 136.1 ±21.5 gin weight. The fertility fluctuated slightly, with an average rate of 38.7% ± 9.7%, but remained consistently low. The survival rate of chicks fluctuated substantially from 0% to 100%, with an average survival rate of 68.6% ± 27.6%. The averaged values of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were 0.468, 0.465 and 0.446, respectively. It indicated that the population had a low heterozygosity and genetic diversity. There was a significant change in the breeding index compared to that recorded 40 years ago, which indicates that inbreeding depression has occurred in this small, isolated, captive population of Dalmatian Pelicans. These results can be used to improve management of Dalmatian Pelicans in captivity.展开更多
Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are congenital vessels that arise from the aorta or its first-order branches and are distally connected to the pulmonary arterial vasculature, thereby providing pulmon...Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are congenital vessels that arise from the aorta or its first-order branches and are distally connected to the pulmonary arterial vasculature, thereby providing pulmonary blood flow. MAPCAs are often associated with cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Isolated MAPCAs are rare in patients without congenital heart disease with structurally normal hearts. Sometimes, isolated congenital MAPCAs can occur without any lung disease. Isolated MAPCAs represent the occurrence of collaterals in the absence of underlying heart disease, which commonly presents as heart failure, recurrent respiratory tract infection, and pulmonary artery hypertension. We report a rare case of congestive heart failure in a 6-year-old patient with dual arterial supply to an otherwise normal right lung, with a normal bronchial tree, and a structurally normal heart. The patient was successfully managed by the closure of collaterals by Amplatzer vascular plugs II (AVPII) and Amplatzer Piccolo Occluders.展开更多
Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Assoc...Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.展开更多
Background: Regenerative medicine holds promise for treating degenerative and inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis (OA). However, the complex molecular mechanisms of OA and the limitations of current therapies ...Background: Regenerative medicine holds promise for treating degenerative and inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis (OA). However, the complex molecular mechanisms of OA and the limitations of current therapies remain challenges. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) are gaining attention for OA treatment due to their abundance in adipose tissue. The literature delineates two primary techniques for SVF extraction from adipose tissue: enzymatic digestion and mechanical methods. The Lipocube Hybrid SVF presents a straightforward and secure mechanical isolation method for SVF, enhancing its regenerative potential for various applications. Purpose: This study aims to provide valuable insights into the potential of Lipocube Hybrid SVF as a regenerative therapy for OA, contributing to the broader understanding of its applicability in addressing this debilitating condition. Method: To assess the effectiveness and safety of the Lipocube Hybrid SVF, we have designed a comparative study that evaluates cellular activity and viability, phenotypic characterization, and differentiation potential. The in vitro activity of mechanically isolated SVF is compared to the established gold standard enzymatic digestion method. After in vitro studies, Lipocube Hybrid mechanical isolation method was used to isolate SVF and applied in 42 knee and 7 hip joints of 28 patients with Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV OA. Results: The Lipocube Hybrid group had slightly lower viable cell numbers but higher cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis showed the Lipocube Hybrid group exhibited more favorable markers for regenerative potential and reduced inflammatory response. Additionally, both groups demonstrated successful osteogenic differentiation, with the Lipocube Hybrid group excelling in chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The clinical application of the Lipocube Hybrid SVF in OA patients resulted in significant improvements in WOMAC and VAS scores across different OA grades. Conclusions: This comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Lipocube Hybrid SVF, which has shown promise in laboratory settings, for different stages of osteoarthritis. The study findings provide valuable insights into the potential of Lipocube Hybrid SVF as a regenerative therapy for OA, highlighting its suitability for addressing this debilitating condition.展开更多
Nowadays,an extensive number of studies related to the performance of base isolation systems implemented in regular reinforced concrete structures subjected to various types of earthquakes can be found in the literatu...Nowadays,an extensive number of studies related to the performance of base isolation systems implemented in regular reinforced concrete structures subjected to various types of earthquakes can be found in the literature.On the other hand,investigations regarding the irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures’performance when subjected to pulse-like earthquakes are very scarce.The severity of pulse-like earthquakes emerges from their ability to destabilize the base-isolated structure by remarkably increasing the displacement demands.Thus,this study is intended to investigate the effects of pulse-like earthquake characteristics on the behavior of low-rise irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures.Within the study scope,investigations related to the impact of the pulse-like earthquake characteristics,irregularity type,and isolator properties will be conducted.To do so,different values of damping ratios of the base isolation system were selected to investigate the efficiency of the lead rubber-bearing isolator.In general,the outcomes of the study have shown the significance of vertical irregularity on the performance of base-isolated structures and the considerable effect of pulse-like ground motions on the buildings’behavior.展开更多
During past strong earthquakes, highway bridges have sustained severe damage or even collapse due to excessive displacements and/or very large lateral forces. For commonly used isolation bearings with a pure friction ...During past strong earthquakes, highway bridges have sustained severe damage or even collapse due to excessive displacements and/or very large lateral forces. For commonly used isolation bearings with a pure friction sliding surface, seismic forces may be reduced but displacements are often unconstrained. In this paper, an alternative seismic bearing system, called the cable-sliding friction bearing system, is developed by integrating seismic isolation devices with displacement restrainers consisting of cables attached to the upper and lower plates of the bearing. Restoring forces are provided to limit the displacements of the sliding component. Design parameters including the length and stiffness of the cables, friction coefficient, strength of the shear bolt in a fixed-type bearing, and movements under earthquake excitations are discussed. Laboratory testing of a prototype bearing subjected to vertical loads and quasi-static cyclic lateral loads, and corresponding numerical finite element simulation analysis, were carried out. It is shown that the numerical simulation shows good agreement with the experimental force-displacement hysteretic response, indicating the viability of the new bearing system. In addition, practical application of this bearing system to a multi-span bridge in China and its design advantages are discussed.展开更多
Surface subsidence is a typical ground movement due to longwall mining, which causes a series of environmental problems and hazards. In China, intensive coal extractions are commonly operated under dense-populated coa...Surface subsidence is a typical ground movement due to longwall mining, which causes a series of environmental problems and hazards. In China, intensive coal extractions are commonly operated under dense-populated coalfields, which exacerbates the negative subsequences resulted from surface settlement. Therefore, effective approaches to control the ground subsidence are in urgent need for the Chinese coal mining industry. This paper presents a newly developed subsidence control technology: isolated overburden grout injection, including the theory, technique and applications. Relevant procedures such as injection system design, grouting material selection, borehole layout, grout take estimation and injection process design are proposed. The applicability of this technology has been demonstrated through physical modelling, field measurements, and case studies. Since 2009, the technology has been successfully applied to 14 longwall areas in 9 Chinese coal mines. The ultimate surface subsidence factors vary from 0.10 to 0.15. This method has a great potential to be popularized and performed where longwall mining are implemented under villages and ground infrastructures.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate(Gly)on portal hypertension(PHT)in isolated portal perfused rat liver(IPPRL)with carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced chronic hepatitis.METHODS:PHT model was r...AIM:To investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate(Gly)on portal hypertension(PHT)in isolated portal perfused rat liver(IPPRL)with carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced chronic hepatitis.METHODS:PHT model was replicated with CCl4 in rats for 84 d.Model was identified by measuring the ascetic amounts,hepatic function,portal pressure in vivo,splenic index,and pathological alterations.Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in liver was assessed by immunohistochemistry.IPPRLs were performed at d0,d28,d56,and d84.After phenylephrine-induced constriction,Gly was geometrically used to reduce PHT.Gly action was expressed as median effective concentration(EC50)and area under the curve(AUC).Underlying mechanism was exploited by linear correlation between AUC values of Gly and existed iNOS in portal triads.RESULTS:PHT model was confirmed with ascites,splenomegaly,serum biomarkers of hepatic injury,and elevated portal pressure.Pathological findings had shown normal hepatic structure at d0,degenerations at d28,fibrosis at d56,cirrhosis at d84in PHT rats.Pseudo lobule ratios decreased and collagen ratios increased progressively along with PHT development.Gly does dose-dependently reduce PHT in IPPRLs with CCl4-induced chronic hepatitis.Gly potencies were increased gradually along with PHT development,characterized with its EC50at 2.80×10-10,3.03×10-11,3.77×10-11and 4.65×10-11mol/L at d0,d28,d56and d84,respectively.Existed iNOS was located at hepatocyte at d0,stellate cells at d28,stellate cells and macrophages at d56,and macrophages in portal triads at d84.Macrophages infiltrated more into portal triads and expressed more iNOS along with PHT development.AUC values of Gly were positively correlated with existed iNOS levels in portal triads.CONCLUSION:Gly reduces indirectly PHT in IPPRL with CCl4-induced chronic hepatitis.The underlying mechanisms may relate to rescue NO bioavailability from macrophage-derived peroxynitrite in portal triads.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Fund of China under Nos.52168072 and 51808467High-level Talents Support Plan of Yunnan Province of China(2020)。
文摘At present,there is not much research on mid-story isolated structures in mountainous areas.In this study,a model of a mid-story isolated structure considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)in mountainous areas is established along with a model that does not consider SSI.Eight long-period earthquake waves and two ordinary earthquake waves are selected as inputs for the dynamic time history analysis of the structure.The results show that the seismic response of a mid-story isolated structure considering SSI in mountainous areas can be amplified when compared with a structure that does not consider SSI.The structure response under long-period earthquakes is larger than that of ordinary earthquakes.The structure response under far-field harmonic-like earthquakes is larger than that of near-fault pulse-type earthquakes.The structure response under near-fault pulse-type earthquakes is larger than that of far-field non-harmonic earthquakes.When subjected to long-period earthquakes,the displacement of the isolated bearings exceeded the limit value,which led to instability and overturning of the structure.The structure with dampers in the isolated story could adequately control the nonlinear response of the structure,effectively reduce the displacement of the isolated bearings,and provide a convenient,efficient and economic method not only for new construction but also to retrofit existing structures.
文摘BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumors(SFT)are rare spindle cell tumors that are usually benign.A total of 10 cases of SFTs in the upper esophagus have ever been reported.Here,we report the anesthetic management of a patient with a large isolated fibrous tumor of the upper esophagus compressing the tracheal membrane.We also provide a literature review of the current research.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 49 year old male with“cough aggravation and wheezing after exercise”,who underwent esophagectomy for a large isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus.We advise the use of a single-lumen tube with a blocker in patients with difficult airways to reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at all stages of the perioperative period to guide airway management.This case study is the first report of the anesthetic management of a large,isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus.CONCLUSION This rare case emphasizes the importance of perioperative management of anesthesia in patients with large isolated fibrous tumors of the upper esophagus that compress the tracheal membrane.The use of blocker reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at the perioperative period to guide airway mana-gement.
文摘A new staggered isolated system developed from the mid-story isolated system is the new staggered story isolated system. There are not many studies on this structure currently. In this study, an 18-story new staggered story isolated system model is established using SAP2000. The dynamic nonlinear dynamic alternate method is used to analyze the structure against progressive collapse. Results show that the structure has good resistance to progressive collapse, and there is no progressive collapse under each working condition. The progressive collapse does not occur for the case of removing only one vertical structural member of the new staggered of isolated system. The side column has big influence on this isolated structures’ progressive collapse;the removal of vertical structural member of the isolation layer has less impact on the structure than the removal of the bottom vertical structural member. After the removing of the member, the internal force of the structure will be redistributed, and the axial force of the adjacent columns will change obviously, showing a trend of “near large and far small”.
文摘Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models considering no soil-structure interaction (SSI), considering soil-structure interaction (SSI), and considering structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) were established. Nonlinear seismic response comparative analysis was conducted by varying the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure, as well as the weight of adjacent structure, under different earthquake inputs, in order to obtain the structural response characteristics. The results indicate that the inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure without considering SSI are smaller than those considering SSI and SSSI. The inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure considering SSSI are further affected compared to that of the inter-story isolated structure considering only SSI. As the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure increases, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure decreases. The variation in the spacing between the two structures has a negligible effect on the isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure. With the increase in the weight of adjacent structure, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure becomes more significant. The increasing weight of adjacent structure has an increasing effect on the Isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0307700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074145,11627807,and 11975012)+2 种基金the Research Foundation for Basic Research of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20220101003JC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.30916011207)the Outstanding Youth Project of Taizhou University(Grant No.2019JQ002)。
文摘The intrinsic chirp of high-order harmonic generation is an important factor limiting the production of ultrashort attosecond pulses.Based on numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation,the generation process of highorder harmonic from the He atom under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields is studied.In this paper,we propose to achieve quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses by superimposing a higher second-harmonic field on the orthogonal direction of the fundamental frequency field.It is found that the high-energy part of its harmonic emission exhibits small chirp characteristics,which can be used to synthesize isolated attosecond pulses.Through the analysis of the wave packets evolution and the classical motion trajectories of the electron,it is demonstrated that the quasi-chirp-free harmonic can be attributed to the simultaneous return of electrons ionized at different times to the parent particle.The influence of the relative phase of the two pulses on the harmonics is further analyzed,and it is observed that this phenomenon is sensitive to the relative phase,but it can still generate isolated attosecond pulses within a certain phase.
文摘The optical character recognition for the right to left and cursive languages such as Arabic is challenging and received little attention from researchers in the past compared to the other Latin languages.Moreover,the absence of a standard publicly available dataset for several low-resource lan-guages,including the Pashto language remained a hurdle in the advancement of language processing.Realizing that,a clean dataset is the fundamental and core requirement of character recognition,this research begins with dataset generation and aims at a system capable of complete language understanding.Keeping in view the complete and full autonomous recognition of the cursive Pashto script.The first achievement of this research is a clean and standard dataset for the isolated characters of the Pashto script.In this paper,a database of isolated Pashto characters for forty four alphabets using various font styles has been introduced.In order to overcome the font style shortage,the graphical software Inkscape has been used to generate sufficient image data samples for each character.The dataset has been pre-processed and reduced in dimensions to 32×32 pixels,and further converted into the binary format with a black background and white text so that it resembles the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology(MNIST)database.The benchmark database is publicly available for further research on the standard GitHub and Kaggle database servers both in pixel and Comma Separated Values(CSV)formats.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Ectopic HCC,an extremely rare type of HCC,exhibits a wide range of clinical signs and radiographic features,making preoperative identification challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old man underwent routine abdominal color ultrasonography,which identified an asymptomatic tumor in the left upper abdomen.The patient had no history of hepatitis,did not drink alcohol,and had no family history of cancer.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed a heterogeneously enhanced lesion between the spleen and stomach that had invaded the diaphragm,with blood supplied by the left inferior phrenic artery.The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery,and HCC was identified by postoperative pathology.Additionally,specific immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the molecular biological characteristics of the HCC.The patient underwent two rounds of hepatic arterial interventional chemotherapy after surgery.Abdominal plain and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and lung CT 3 mo postoperatively revealed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis.CONCLUSION This asymptomatic ectopic HCC case described achieved an excellent result due to early detection,radical resection,and systematic surveillance.
文摘BACKGROUND Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia(ILVAH),also known as truncated left ventricle(LV),is a very unusual cardiomyopathy.It is characterised by a truncated,spherical,and non-apex forming LV.The true apex is occupied by the right ventricle.Due to the rarity of the disease,just a few case reports and limited case series have been published in the field.AIM To analysing the so far 37 reported ILVAH cases worldwide.METHODS The electronic databases PubMed and Scopus were investigated from their establishment up to December 13,2022.RESULTS The majority of cases reported occurred in males(52.7%).Mean age at diagnosis was 26.1±19.6 years.More than a third of the patients were asymptomatic(35.1%).The most usual clinical presentation was breathlessness(40.5%).The most commonly detected electrocardiogram changes were T wave abnormalities(29.7%)and right axis deviation with poor R wave progression(24.3%).Atrial fibrillation/flutter was detected in 24.3%.Echocardiography was performed in 97.3%of cases and cardiac MRI in 91.9%of cases.Ejection fraction was reduced in more than a half of patients(56.7%).An associated congenital heart disease was found in 16.2%.Heart failure therapy was administered in 35.1%of patients.The outcome was favorable in the vast majority of patients,with just one death.CONCLUSION ILVAH is a multifaceted entity with a so far unpredictable course,ranging from benign until the elderly to sudden death during adolescence.
文摘BACKGROUND Isolated gallbladder injury(GI)(IGI)directly induced by abdominal trauma is rare.Symptoms,indications,and imaging examinations of IGI are frequently non-specific,posing tremendous diagnostic challenges,which are simple to overlook and may have severe implications.Improving doctors'understanding of gallbladder injury(GI)facilitates early detection and decreases the likelihood of severe consequences,including death.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of IGI caused by blunt violence(after falling from three meters with the umbilicus as the stress point)and performed laparoscopic repair of the gallbladder rupture,which helps clinicians understand IGI and reduce the severe consequences of delayed diagnosis.Through extensive medical history and dynamic abdominal ultrasound evaluation,doctors can identify GI early and begin surgery,thereby decreasing the devastating repercussions of delayed diagnosis.CONCLUSION This article aims to improve clinicians'understanding of IGI and propose a method for the diagnosis and treatment of GI.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute leg compartment syndrome is a well-known orthopedic emergency associated with potentially devastating consequences if not treated immediately.Multiple compartments are usually involved with a clear history of trauma and classic symptoms and signs.However,isolated lateral leg compartment syndrome is relatively rare and is often misdiagnosed due to the atypical presentation of no trauma and the lack of pathognomonic signs.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old male patient presented to our emergency room with excruciating left calf pain and inability to mobilize one-day after participating in a football match despite no clear history of preceding trauma.The patient went to another hospital before presenting to us where he was diagnosed to have a soft tissue injury and was discharged home on simple analgesics.On clinical examination,the left leg showed a tense lateral compartment with severe tenderness.The pain was aggravated by dorsiflexion and ankle inversion.Neurovascular examination of the limb was normal.We suspected a compartment syndrome but as the presentation was atypical and an magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was readily available in our institution,we immediately performed an MRI and this confirmed a large hematoma in the lateral compartment with a possible partial proximal peroneus longus muscle tear.The patient was taken immediately for an emergency open fasciotomy.The patient is now 18 mo postoperatively having recovered completely and engages fully in sports with no restrictions.CONCLUSION Atypical presentation due to the lack of pathognomonic signs makes the diagnosis of isolated lateral leg compartment syndrome difficult.Pain on passive inversion and dorsiflexion and weak active eversion may be suggested as sensitive signs.
文摘BACKGROUND Hip fractures(HF)are common among the aging population,and surgery within 48 h is recommended.Patients can be hospitalized for surgery through different pathways,either trauma or medicine admitting services.AIM To compare management and outcomes among patients admitted through the trauma pathway(TP)vs medical pathway(MP).METHODS This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study included 2094 patients with proximal femur fractures(AO/Orthopedic Trauma Association Type 31)who underwent surgery at a level 1 trauma center between 2016-2021.There were 69 patients admitted through the TP and 2025 admitted through the MP.To ensure comparability between groups,66 of the 2025 MP patients were propensity matched to 66 TP patients by age,sex,HF type,HF surgery,and American Society of Anesthesiology score.The statistical analyses included multivariable analysis,group characteristics,and bivariate correlation comparisons with theχ^(2)test and t-test.RESULTS After propensity matching,the mean age in both groups was 75-years-old,62%of both groups were females,the main HF type was intertrochanteric(TP 52%vs MP 62%),open reduction internal fixation was the most common surgery(TP 68%vs MP 71%),and the mean American Society of Anesthesiology score was 2.8 for TP and 2.7 for MP.The majority of patients in TP and MP(71%vs 74%)were geriatric(≥65-years-old).Falls were the main mechanism of injury in both groups(77%vs 97%,P=0.001).There were no significant differences in pre-surgery anticoagulation use(49%vs 41%),admission day of the week,or insurance status.The incidence of comorbidities was equal(94%for both)with cardiac comorbidities being dominant in both groups(71%vs 73%).The number of preoperative consultations was similar for TP and MP,with the most common consultation being cardiology in both(44%and 36%).HF displacement occurred more among TP patients(76%vs 39%,P=0.000).Time to surgery was not statistically different(23 h in both),but length of surgery was significantly longer for TP(59 min vs 41 min,P=0.000).Intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were not statistically different(5 d vs 8 d and 6 d for both).There were no statistical differences in discharge disposition and mortality(3%vs 0%).CONCLUSION There were no differences in outcomes of surgeries between admission through TP vs MP.The focus should be on the patient’s health condition and on prompt surgical intervention.
文摘The breeding biology of a captive, isolated population of Dalmatian Pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) at theShanghaiZoo,China, was studied from 2007 to 2019. The breeding age of the Dalmatian Pelicans was estimated at three to four years old, and they started breeding in late October or early November. The clutch size varied between one and two eggs per nest, and the eggs were 83.2 ±4.8 mmin length, 55.6 ±2.9 mmin breadth and 136.1 ±21.5 gin weight. The fertility fluctuated slightly, with an average rate of 38.7% ± 9.7%, but remained consistently low. The survival rate of chicks fluctuated substantially from 0% to 100%, with an average survival rate of 68.6% ± 27.6%. The averaged values of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were 0.468, 0.465 and 0.446, respectively. It indicated that the population had a low heterozygosity and genetic diversity. There was a significant change in the breeding index compared to that recorded 40 years ago, which indicates that inbreeding depression has occurred in this small, isolated, captive population of Dalmatian Pelicans. These results can be used to improve management of Dalmatian Pelicans in captivity.
文摘Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are congenital vessels that arise from the aorta or its first-order branches and are distally connected to the pulmonary arterial vasculature, thereby providing pulmonary blood flow. MAPCAs are often associated with cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Isolated MAPCAs are rare in patients without congenital heart disease with structurally normal hearts. Sometimes, isolated congenital MAPCAs can occur without any lung disease. Isolated MAPCAs represent the occurrence of collaterals in the absence of underlying heart disease, which commonly presents as heart failure, recurrent respiratory tract infection, and pulmonary artery hypertension. We report a rare case of congestive heart failure in a 6-year-old patient with dual arterial supply to an otherwise normal right lung, with a normal bronchial tree, and a structurally normal heart. The patient was successfully managed by the closure of collaterals by Amplatzer vascular plugs II (AVPII) and Amplatzer Piccolo Occluders.
文摘Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.
文摘Background: Regenerative medicine holds promise for treating degenerative and inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis (OA). However, the complex molecular mechanisms of OA and the limitations of current therapies remain challenges. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) are gaining attention for OA treatment due to their abundance in adipose tissue. The literature delineates two primary techniques for SVF extraction from adipose tissue: enzymatic digestion and mechanical methods. The Lipocube Hybrid SVF presents a straightforward and secure mechanical isolation method for SVF, enhancing its regenerative potential for various applications. Purpose: This study aims to provide valuable insights into the potential of Lipocube Hybrid SVF as a regenerative therapy for OA, contributing to the broader understanding of its applicability in addressing this debilitating condition. Method: To assess the effectiveness and safety of the Lipocube Hybrid SVF, we have designed a comparative study that evaluates cellular activity and viability, phenotypic characterization, and differentiation potential. The in vitro activity of mechanically isolated SVF is compared to the established gold standard enzymatic digestion method. After in vitro studies, Lipocube Hybrid mechanical isolation method was used to isolate SVF and applied in 42 knee and 7 hip joints of 28 patients with Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV OA. Results: The Lipocube Hybrid group had slightly lower viable cell numbers but higher cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis showed the Lipocube Hybrid group exhibited more favorable markers for regenerative potential and reduced inflammatory response. Additionally, both groups demonstrated successful osteogenic differentiation, with the Lipocube Hybrid group excelling in chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The clinical application of the Lipocube Hybrid SVF in OA patients resulted in significant improvements in WOMAC and VAS scores across different OA grades. Conclusions: This comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Lipocube Hybrid SVF, which has shown promise in laboratory settings, for different stages of osteoarthritis. The study findings provide valuable insights into the potential of Lipocube Hybrid SVF as a regenerative therapy for OA, highlighting its suitability for addressing this debilitating condition.
文摘Nowadays,an extensive number of studies related to the performance of base isolation systems implemented in regular reinforced concrete structures subjected to various types of earthquakes can be found in the literature.On the other hand,investigations regarding the irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures’performance when subjected to pulse-like earthquakes are very scarce.The severity of pulse-like earthquakes emerges from their ability to destabilize the base-isolated structure by remarkably increasing the displacement demands.Thus,this study is intended to investigate the effects of pulse-like earthquake characteristics on the behavior of low-rise irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures.Within the study scope,investigations related to the impact of the pulse-like earthquake characteristics,irregularity type,and isolator properties will be conducted.To do so,different values of damping ratios of the base isolation system were selected to investigate the efficiency of the lead rubber-bearing isolator.In general,the outcomes of the study have shown the significance of vertical irregularity on the performance of base-isolated structures and the considerable effect of pulse-like ground motions on the buildings’behavior.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China Under Grant No. SLDRCE09-B-08Kwang-Hua Fund for College of Civil Engineering, Tongji Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grants No.50978194 and No.90915011
文摘During past strong earthquakes, highway bridges have sustained severe damage or even collapse due to excessive displacements and/or very large lateral forces. For commonly used isolation bearings with a pure friction sliding surface, seismic forces may be reduced but displacements are often unconstrained. In this paper, an alternative seismic bearing system, called the cable-sliding friction bearing system, is developed by integrating seismic isolation devices with displacement restrainers consisting of cables attached to the upper and lower plates of the bearing. Restoring forces are provided to limit the displacements of the sliding component. Design parameters including the length and stiffness of the cables, friction coefficient, strength of the shear bolt in a fixed-type bearing, and movements under earthquake excitations are discussed. Laboratory testing of a prototype bearing subjected to vertical loads and quasi-static cyclic lateral loads, and corresponding numerical finite element simulation analysis, were carried out. It is shown that the numerical simulation shows good agreement with the experimental force-displacement hysteretic response, indicating the viability of the new bearing system. In addition, practical application of this bearing system to a multi-span bridge in China and its design advantages are discussed.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51604258)is greatly appreciated
文摘Surface subsidence is a typical ground movement due to longwall mining, which causes a series of environmental problems and hazards. In China, intensive coal extractions are commonly operated under dense-populated coalfields, which exacerbates the negative subsequences resulted from surface settlement. Therefore, effective approaches to control the ground subsidence are in urgent need for the Chinese coal mining industry. This paper presents a newly developed subsidence control technology: isolated overburden grout injection, including the theory, technique and applications. Relevant procedures such as injection system design, grouting material selection, borehole layout, grout take estimation and injection process design are proposed. The applicability of this technology has been demonstrated through physical modelling, field measurements, and case studies. Since 2009, the technology has been successfully applied to 14 longwall areas in 9 Chinese coal mines. The ultimate surface subsidence factors vary from 0.10 to 0.15. This method has a great potential to be popularized and performed where longwall mining are implemented under villages and ground infrastructures.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30873464the Research Foundation from Ministry of Education of China,No.108019the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China,No.7132150
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate(Gly)on portal hypertension(PHT)in isolated portal perfused rat liver(IPPRL)with carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced chronic hepatitis.METHODS:PHT model was replicated with CCl4 in rats for 84 d.Model was identified by measuring the ascetic amounts,hepatic function,portal pressure in vivo,splenic index,and pathological alterations.Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in liver was assessed by immunohistochemistry.IPPRLs were performed at d0,d28,d56,and d84.After phenylephrine-induced constriction,Gly was geometrically used to reduce PHT.Gly action was expressed as median effective concentration(EC50)and area under the curve(AUC).Underlying mechanism was exploited by linear correlation between AUC values of Gly and existed iNOS in portal triads.RESULTS:PHT model was confirmed with ascites,splenomegaly,serum biomarkers of hepatic injury,and elevated portal pressure.Pathological findings had shown normal hepatic structure at d0,degenerations at d28,fibrosis at d56,cirrhosis at d84in PHT rats.Pseudo lobule ratios decreased and collagen ratios increased progressively along with PHT development.Gly does dose-dependently reduce PHT in IPPRLs with CCl4-induced chronic hepatitis.Gly potencies were increased gradually along with PHT development,characterized with its EC50at 2.80×10-10,3.03×10-11,3.77×10-11and 4.65×10-11mol/L at d0,d28,d56and d84,respectively.Existed iNOS was located at hepatocyte at d0,stellate cells at d28,stellate cells and macrophages at d56,and macrophages in portal triads at d84.Macrophages infiltrated more into portal triads and expressed more iNOS along with PHT development.AUC values of Gly were positively correlated with existed iNOS levels in portal triads.CONCLUSION:Gly reduces indirectly PHT in IPPRL with CCl4-induced chronic hepatitis.The underlying mechanisms may relate to rescue NO bioavailability from macrophage-derived peroxynitrite in portal triads.
