目的探索国际语音测试信号(international speech test signal,ISTS)和普通话版本可接受噪声级(mandarin acceptablenoiselevel,M-ANL)材料的复测信度及左右耳等价性。方法利用国际通用ISTS和普通话版M-ANL作为测试材料,以多人谈话的语...目的探索国际语音测试信号(international speech test signal,ISTS)和普通话版本可接受噪声级(mandarin acceptablenoiselevel,M-ANL)材料的复测信度及左右耳等价性。方法利用国际通用ISTS和普通话版M-ANL作为测试材料,以多人谈话的语频噪声(babblenoise,BN)作为背景噪声,对37例健听青年使用耳机分别进行左右耳的可接受噪声级(acceptablenoiselevel,ANL)测试,获得最舒适阈级(mostcomfortablelevel,MCL)和最大背景噪声级(backgroundnoiselevel,BNL),计算ANL值,以测试后1周和3周为时间节点进行复测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果将以M-ANL和ISTS为测试材料的MCL、BNL、ANL值进行两两比较,两种材料的3次测试结果相关性高(均可得r>0.5,P<0.001);ISTS材料下的ANL结果(r>0.7,P<0.001)相关性高于M-ANL材料下的ANL结果(r>0.5,P<0.001);耳机下ANL测试左右耳的MCL、BNL及ANL值无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 M-ANL和ISTS材料下的ANL测试具有良好的复测信度;耳机下两种材料的ANL测试左右耳具有等价性。展开更多
Present day power scenarios demand a high quality uninterrupted power supply and needs environmental issues to be addressed. Both concerns can be dealt with by the introduction of the renewable sources to the existing...Present day power scenarios demand a high quality uninterrupted power supply and needs environmental issues to be addressed. Both concerns can be dealt with by the introduction of the renewable sources to the existing power system. Thus, automatic generation control(AGC) with diverse renewable sources and a modified-cascaded controller are presented in the paper.Also, a new hybrid scheme of the improved teaching learning based optimization-differential evolution(hITLBO-DE) algorithm is applied for providing optimization of controller parameters. A study of the system with a technique such as TLBO applied to a proportional integral derivative(PID), integral double derivative(IDD) and PIDD is compared to hITLBO-DE tuned cascaded controller with dynamic load change.The suggested methodology has been extensively applied to a 2-area system with a diverse source power system with various operation time non-linearities such as dead-band of, generation rate constraint and reheat thermal units. The multi-area system with reheat thermal plants, hydel plants and a unit of a wind-diesel combination is tested with the cascaded controller scheme with a different controller setting for each area. The variation of the load is taken within 1% to 5% of the connected load and robustness analysis is shown by modifying essential factors simultaneously by± 30%. Finally, the proposed scheme of controller and optimization technique is also tested with a 5-equal area thermal system with non-linearities. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller and algorithm under a dynamically changing load.展开更多
文摘Present day power scenarios demand a high quality uninterrupted power supply and needs environmental issues to be addressed. Both concerns can be dealt with by the introduction of the renewable sources to the existing power system. Thus, automatic generation control(AGC) with diverse renewable sources and a modified-cascaded controller are presented in the paper.Also, a new hybrid scheme of the improved teaching learning based optimization-differential evolution(hITLBO-DE) algorithm is applied for providing optimization of controller parameters. A study of the system with a technique such as TLBO applied to a proportional integral derivative(PID), integral double derivative(IDD) and PIDD is compared to hITLBO-DE tuned cascaded controller with dynamic load change.The suggested methodology has been extensively applied to a 2-area system with a diverse source power system with various operation time non-linearities such as dead-band of, generation rate constraint and reheat thermal units. The multi-area system with reheat thermal plants, hydel plants and a unit of a wind-diesel combination is tested with the cascaded controller scheme with a different controller setting for each area. The variation of the load is taken within 1% to 5% of the connected load and robustness analysis is shown by modifying essential factors simultaneously by± 30%. Finally, the proposed scheme of controller and optimization technique is also tested with a 5-equal area thermal system with non-linearities. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller and algorithm under a dynamically changing load.
