Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an enduring condition that leads to inflammation and affects a substantial number of individuals with diabetes worldwide. A gradual reduction in glomerular filtration and emergence of prot...Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an enduring condition that leads to inflammation and affects a substantial number of individuals with diabetes worldwide. A gradual reduction in glomerular filtration and emergence of proteins in the urine are typical aspects of DN, ultimately resulting in renal failure. Mounting evidence suggests that immunological and inflammatory factors are crucial for the development of DN. Therefore, the activation of innate immunity by resident renal and immune cells is critical for initiating and perpetuating inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important group of receptors that identify patterns and activate immune responses and inflammation. Meanwhile, inflammatory responses in the liver, pancreatic islets, and kidneys involve inflammasomes and chemokines that generate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the activation of the complement cascade can be triggered by glycated proteins. This review highlights recent findings elucidating how the innate immune system contributes to tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction, ultimately leading to renal failure. This review also discusses innovative approaches that can be utilized to modulate the innate immune responses in DN for therapeutic purposes.展开更多
Inflammation is a multifaceted cellular and molecular response triggered by injury,infection,or various pathological conditions.Serving as a protective defense mechanism,the inflammatory response involves clinical sig...Inflammation is a multifaceted cellular and molecular response triggered by injury,infection,or various pathological conditions.Serving as a protective defense mechanism,the inflammatory response involves clinical signs like redness,swelling,pain,and increased body temperature.Immune cells,notably neutrophils and macrophages,play key roles in orchestrating this response.The delicate balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators,including cytokines and chemokines,regulates the inflammatory cascade.While acute inflammation is crucial for tissue repair,chronic inflammation may indicate an imbalance,contributing to conditions like autoimmune diseases.Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies and managing chronic diseases.展开更多
We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has a neuroprotective effect in the context of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice.However,the precise mechanism underlying the role of H2S in this situation r...We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has a neuroprotective effect in the context of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice.However,the precise mechanism underlying the role of H2S in this situation remains unclear.In this study,we used a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury and a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cell model and found that treatment with L-cysteine,a H2S precursor,attenuated the cerebral infarction and cerebral atrophy induced by hypoxia and ischemia and increased the expression of miR-9-5p and cystathionineβsynthase(a major H2S synthetase in the brain)in the prefrontal cortex.We also found that an miR-9-5p inhibitor blocked the expression of cystathionineβsynthase in the prefrontal cortex in mice with brain injury caused by hypoxia and ischemia.Furthermore,miR-9-5p overexpression increased cystathionine-β-synthase and H2S expression in the injured prefrontal cortex of mice with hypoxic ischemic brain injury.L-cysteine decreased the expression of CXCL11,an miR-9-5p target gene,in the prefrontal cortex of the mouse model and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines BNIP3,FSTL1,SOCS2 and SOCS5,while treatment with an miR-9-5p inhibitor reversed these changes.These findings suggest that H2S can reduce neuroinflammation in a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury through regulating the miR-9-5p/CXCL11 axis and restoringβ-synthase expression,thereby playing a role in reducing neuroinflammation in hypoxic ischemic brain injury.展开更多
In neurodegenerative and classically demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS),spinal cord injury(SCI),stroke,and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,glial functioning is compromised and nervous tissue integrity ...In neurodegenerative and classically demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS),spinal cord injury(SCI),stroke,and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,glial functioning is compromised and nervous tissue integrity is lost.Recently,primary neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and Parkinson’s disease(PD)are increasingly linked to impaired oligodendroglia functioning upon neurodegeneration.Due to the destructive micro-environment created by nervous tissue damage,the progressive cellular loss in these disorders,and the amitotic nature of neurons,spontaneous endogenous repair process are limited in nature.Hence,there is a medical need for efficient therapeutic strategies capable of supporting neuro-reparative processes to occur,likely supported by improved oligodendroglia cell functioning.展开更多
Brain organoids mimic closely the embryonic human brain:Over the last decade,the development of human organoid systems has evolved rapidly.Different tissues have been modeled with organoids,such as the gut,lung,liver,...Brain organoids mimic closely the embryonic human brain:Over the last decade,the development of human organoid systems has evolved rapidly.Different tissues have been modeled with organoids,such as the gut,lung,liver,kidney retina and brain.These systems have a high cellular heterogeneity,with many cell types integrated into the same system.Organoids'cellular populations interact between and amongst each other in a cellular and molecular level,which represents an advantage with respects to monolayer 2D cell culture systems.展开更多
Pre-diabetic insulin resistance is associated with sub-clinical inflammation and concomitant increase in systemic C-reactive protein(CRP)levels.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients register even higher chronic level...Pre-diabetic insulin resistance is associated with sub-clinical inflammation and concomitant increase in systemic C-reactive protein(CRP)levels.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients register even higher chronic levels of inflammation,with excess circulating CRP originating from both typical hepatic synthesis,and also visceral white adipose tissue.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of coumarin and eugenol in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.Methods:RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 2.5μg/mL of LPS,50...Objective:To investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of coumarin and eugenol in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.Methods:RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 2.5μg/mL of LPS,50μM of coumarin,and 50μM eugenol for 24 h.The viability of the cells was assessed using MTT assay.The production of nitric oxide was determined using Griess reagent and DCFH-DA was used to measure the production of reactive oxygen species.The protein expression of NLRP3,IL-1β,NF-κB,and cyclooxygenase 2 was assessed using Western blot analysis.Results:Coumarin and eugenol showed anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammatory response by ameliorating the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB,which further led to a subsequent reduction in IL-1β,nitric oxide,and reactive oxygen species.Conclusions:Coumarin and eugenol exert their anti-inflammatory activities by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and NF-κB.These compounds may have promising therapeutic applications for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods:RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol(100 m...Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods:RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol(100 mM)and benzydamine hydrochloride(7.5μM).The imflammatory status was confirmed by measuring pro-(TNF-αand IL-6)and anti-inflammatory(IL-10)cytokines through ELISA and RT-PCR assays.Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated to study the protective role of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress.Apoptosis detection was also investigated using flow cytometry and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.Results:Benzydamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-αand IL-6,as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species inside the cells,thereby stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing DNA fragmentation.The ethanol-induced cellular necrosis was also reversed by the administration of benzydamine hydrochloride.Conclusions:Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in RAW macrophages.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study is to explore the potential modulatory role of quercetin against Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced septic cardiac dysfunction.Methods Specific pathogen-free chicken embryos(n=...Objective The aim of this study is to explore the potential modulatory role of quercetin against Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced septic cardiac dysfunction.Methods Specific pathogen-free chicken embryos(n=120)were allocated untreated control,phosphate buffer solution(PBS)vehicle,PBS with ethanol vehicle,LPS(500 ng/egg),LPS with quercetin treatment(10,20,or 40 nmol/egg,respectively),Quercetin groups(10,20,or 40 nmol/egg).Fifteenday-old embryonated eggs were inoculated with abovementioned solutions via the allantoic cavity.At embryonic day 19,the hearts of the embryos were collected for histopathological examination,RNA extraction,real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemical investigations,and Western blotting.Results They demonstrated that the heart presented inflammatory responses after LPS induction.The LPS-induced higher mRNA expressions of inflammation-related factors(TLR4,TNFα,MYD88,NF-κB1,IFNγ,IL-1β,IL-8,IL-6,IL-10,p38,MMP3,and MMP9)were blocked by quercetin with three dosages.Quercetin significantly decreased immunopositivity to TLR4 and MMP9 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin significantly decreased protein expressions of TLR4,IFNγ,MMP3,and MMP9 when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin treatment prevented LPS-induced increase in the mRNA expression of Claudin 1 and ZO-1,and significantly decreased protein expression of claudin 1 when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin significantly downregulated autophagyrelated gene expressions(PPARα,SGLT1,APOA4,AMPKα1,AMPKα2,ATG5,ATG7,Beclin-1,and LC3B)and programmed cell death(Fas,Bcl-2,CASP1,CASP12,CASP3,and RIPK1)after LPS induction.Quercetin significantly decreased immunopositivity to APOA4,AMPKα2,and LC3-II/LC3-I in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin significantly decreased protein expressions of AMPKα1,LC3-I,and LC3-II.Quercetin significantly decreased the protein expression to CASP1 and CASP3 by immunohistochemical investigation or Western blotting in treatment group when compared with LPS group.Conclusion Quercetin alleviates cardiac inflammation induced by LPS through modulating autophagy,programmed cell death,and myocardiocytes permeability.展开更多
Digestion and intestinal absorption allow the body to sustain itself and are the emblematic functions of the bowel.On the flip side,functions also arise from its role as an interface with the environment.Indeed,the gu...Digestion and intestinal absorption allow the body to sustain itself and are the emblematic functions of the bowel.On the flip side,functions also arise from its role as an interface with the environment.Indeed,the gut houses microorganisms,collectively known as the gut microbiota,which interact with the host,and is the site of complex immune activities.Its role in human pathology is complex and scientific evidence is progressively elucidating the functions of the gut,especially regarding the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal diseases and inflammatory conditions affecting various organs and systems.This editorial aims to highlight and relate the factors involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic inflammation.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 on the improvement of atherosclerotic inflammation.Arteriosclerosis model ApoE^(-/-)mice were orally administered with B.animalis F1-7 for 12 wee...This study aimed to explore the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 on the improvement of atherosclerotic inflammation.Arteriosclerosis model ApoE^(-/-)mice were orally administered with B.animalis F1-7 for 12 weeks.The probiotic intervention reduced the plaque areas in aorta and the accumulation of macrophages,and downregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)pathway to reduce the levels of inflammatory factors.The widely-targeted metabolomics analysis showed that acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)in the intestine of atherosclerotic mice was significantly increased after B.animalis F1-7 intervention.Correlation analysis proved that ALC was associated with atherosclerotic inflammatory response.By using oxidized low density lipoprotein induced macrophage foam cells,we further verified that ALC could reduce lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in foam cells by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Finally,our results revealed that B.animalis F1-7 upregulated the metabolite ALC to downregulate the inflammatory responses,leading to the reduction of plaque accumulation of atherosclerosis.展开更多
Hypoxia can get more ability to inhibit inflammation.But how it impact on survival time of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)is confusing and how preconditioned MSCs inhibiting inflammation are partially known.Those issues ...Hypoxia can get more ability to inhibit inflammation.But how it impact on survival time of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)is confusing and how preconditioned MSCs inhibiting inflammation are partially known.Those issues decided the value of preconditioned MSCs by hypoxia.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and zebrafish.Methods:HaCa...Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and zebrafish.Methods:HaCaT cells and zebrafish were used to evaluate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.The production of nitric oxide(NO),intracellular ROS,prostaglandin E2(PGE2),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB were evaluated in PM-induced HaCaT cells.Furthermore,the levels of ROS,NO,and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the PM-exposed zebrafish model.Results:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract significantly decreased the production of NO,intracellular ROS,and PGE2 in PM-induced HaCaT cells.In addition,the fraction markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB.Furthermore,it displayed remarkable protective effects against PM-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress,represented by the reduction of NO,ROS,and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish.Conclusions:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract exhibits a protective effect against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential as a candidate for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.展开更多
Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role i...Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016μM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.展开更多
Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy(catabolism) or used to build macromolecules(anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generat...Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy(catabolism) or used to build macromolecules(anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. Metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.展开更多
Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs ...Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.展开更多
Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)are a group of diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells.They are clinically classifiable into four main diseases:chronic myeloid leu...Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)are a group of diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells.They are clinically classifiable into four main diseases:chronic myeloid leukemia,essential thrombocythemia,polycythemia vera,and primary myelofibrosis.These pathologies are closely related to cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases due to the increased risk of arterial thrombosis,the most common underlying cause of acute myocardial infarction.Recent evidence shows that the classical Virchow triad(hypercoagulability,blood stasis,endothelial injury)might offer an explanation for such association.Indeed,patients with MPN might have a higher number and more reactive circulating platelets and leukocytes,a tendency toward blood stasis because of a high number of circulating red blood cells,endothelial injury or overactivation as a consequence of sustained inflammation caused by the neoplastic clonal cell.These abnormal cancer cells,especially when associated with the JAK2V617F mutation,tend to proliferate and secrete several inflammatory cytokines.This sustains a pro-inflammatory state throughout the body.The direct consequence is the induction of a pro-thrombotic state that acts as a determinant in favoring both venous and arterial thrombus formation.Clinically,MPN patients need to be carefully evaluated to be treated not only with cytoreductive treatments but also with cardiovascular protective strategies.展开更多
Objective:Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disorder characterized by intricate structural and functional alterations in the kidneys,attributable to diverse causative factors.Notably,the therapeutic promise ...Objective:Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disorder characterized by intricate structural and functional alterations in the kidneys,attributable to diverse causative factors.Notably,the therapeutic promise of miR-145-5p in addressing renal pathologies has been discerned.This investigation seeks to elucidate the functional role of miR-145-5p in injured kidneys by subjecting human glomerular mesangial cells(HGMCs)to stimulation with Angiotensin II(AngII).Materials and Methods:Cellular viability and the levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated utilizing Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and western blot methodologies,both in the presence of AngII incubation and in scenarios of miR-145p overexpression and downregulation.Furthermore,the cell cycle dynamics were elucidated through Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting(FACS)analysis.Results:AngII incubation induced an upregulation of miR-145-5p and inflammatory factors including Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1(ICAM-1),Interleukin 6(IL-6),Interleukin 8(IL-8),and Interleukin 1β(IL-1β).Additionally,it elevated the expression of Cyclin A2,Cyclin D1,and the G2/M cell cycle ratio.Conversely,inhibition of miR-145-5p heightened the levels of inflammatory factors and cell cycle regulators induced by AngII incubation.Reduced expression of miR-145-5p correlated with a downregulation of Interleukin 10(IL-10)expression,concurrently promoting HGMC proliferation under AngII stimulation.Moreover,ectopic miR-145-5p expression demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory factors,cell cyclin regulators,G2/M cell cycle ratio,and overall proliferation.Conclusion:MiR-145-5p exhibited inhibitory effects on the inflammatory response and proliferation induced by Angiotensin II in HGMCs,showcasing its potential as a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of kidney injury.展开更多
The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzin...The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzing APIP5-RNAi transgenic plants.To further investigate the biological functions of OsbZIP53,we generated osbzip53 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and also constructed OsbZIP53 over-expression transgenic plants.Comprehensive analysis of phenotypical,physiological,and transcriptional data showed that knocking-out OsbZIP53 not only improved disease resistance by inducing a hypersensitivity response in plants,but also regulated the immune response through the salicylic acid pathway.Specifically,disrupting OsbZIP53 increased H2O2 accumulation by promoting reactive oxygen species generation through up-regulation of several respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Osrboh genes)and weakened H2O2 degradation by directly targeting OsMYBS1.In addition,the growth of osbzip53 mutants was seriously impaired,while OsbZIP53 over-expression lines displayed a similar phenotype to the wild type,suggesting that OsbZIP53 has a balancing effect on rice immune response and growth.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index(SIRI)in advanced pancreatic cancer is recognized,but its correlation with patients´nutritional status and outcomes remains unexplored.AI...BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index(SIRI)in advanced pancreatic cancer is recognized,but its correlation with patients´nutritional status and outcomes remains unexplored.AIM To study the prognostic significance of SIRI and weight loss in metastatic pancreatic cancer.METHODS The PANTHEIA-Spanish Society of Medical Oncology(SEOM)study is a multicentric(16 Spanish hospitals),observational,longitudinal,non-interventional initiative,promoted by the SEOM Real World-Evidence work group.This pilot study sought to analyze the association between weight loss and inflammatory status as defined by SIRI.The cohort stems from a proof-of-concept pilot study conducted at one of the coordinating centers.Patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma,treated from January 2020 to January 2023,were included.The index was calculated using the product of neutrophil and monocyte counts,divided by lymphocyte counts,obtained within 15 days before initiation chemotherapy.This study evaluated associations between overall survival(OS),SIRI and weight loss.RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included.66%of these patients were male and the median age was 66 years.Metastasis sites:36%liver,12%peritoneal carcinomatosis,10%lung,and 42%multiple locations.Regarding the first line palliative chemotherapy treatments:50%received gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel;28%,modified fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan and oxaliplatin,and 16%were administered gemcitabine.42%had a weight loss>5%in the three months(mo)preceding diagnosis.21 patients with a SIRI≥2.3×10^(3)/L exhibited a trend towards a lower median OS compared to those with a SIRI<2.3×10^(3)/L(4 vs 18 mo;P<0.000).Among 21 patients with>5%weight loss before diagnosis,the median OS was 6 mo,in contrast to 19 mo for those who did not experience such weight loss(P=0.003).Patients with a weight loss>5%showed higher SIRI levels.This difference was statistically significant(P<0.000).For patients with a SIRI<2.3×10^(3)/L,those who did not lose>5%of their weight had an OS of 20 mo,compared to 11 mo for those who did(P<0.001).No association was found between carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels≥1000 U/mL and weight loss.CONCLUSION A higher SIRI was correlated with decreased survival rates in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and associated with weight loss.An elevated SIRI is suggested as a predictor of survival,emphasizing the need for prospective validation in the upcoming PANTHEIA-SEOM study.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82100801,81974096,81770711,81974097,and 81961138007).
文摘Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an enduring condition that leads to inflammation and affects a substantial number of individuals with diabetes worldwide. A gradual reduction in glomerular filtration and emergence of proteins in the urine are typical aspects of DN, ultimately resulting in renal failure. Mounting evidence suggests that immunological and inflammatory factors are crucial for the development of DN. Therefore, the activation of innate immunity by resident renal and immune cells is critical for initiating and perpetuating inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important group of receptors that identify patterns and activate immune responses and inflammation. Meanwhile, inflammatory responses in the liver, pancreatic islets, and kidneys involve inflammasomes and chemokines that generate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the activation of the complement cascade can be triggered by glycated proteins. This review highlights recent findings elucidating how the innate immune system contributes to tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction, ultimately leading to renal failure. This review also discusses innovative approaches that can be utilized to modulate the innate immune responses in DN for therapeutic purposes.
文摘Inflammation is a multifaceted cellular and molecular response triggered by injury,infection,or various pathological conditions.Serving as a protective defense mechanism,the inflammatory response involves clinical signs like redness,swelling,pain,and increased body temperature.Immune cells,notably neutrophils and macrophages,play key roles in orchestrating this response.The delicate balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators,including cytokines and chemokines,regulates the inflammatory cascade.While acute inflammation is crucial for tissue repair,chronic inflammation may indicate an imbalance,contributing to conditions like autoimmune diseases.Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies and managing chronic diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271327(to ZW),82072535(to ZW),81873768(to ZW),and 82001253(to TL).
文摘We previously showed that hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has a neuroprotective effect in the context of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice.However,the precise mechanism underlying the role of H2S in this situation remains unclear.In this study,we used a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury and a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cell model and found that treatment with L-cysteine,a H2S precursor,attenuated the cerebral infarction and cerebral atrophy induced by hypoxia and ischemia and increased the expression of miR-9-5p and cystathionineβsynthase(a major H2S synthetase in the brain)in the prefrontal cortex.We also found that an miR-9-5p inhibitor blocked the expression of cystathionineβsynthase in the prefrontal cortex in mice with brain injury caused by hypoxia and ischemia.Furthermore,miR-9-5p overexpression increased cystathionine-β-synthase and H2S expression in the injured prefrontal cortex of mice with hypoxic ischemic brain injury.L-cysteine decreased the expression of CXCL11,an miR-9-5p target gene,in the prefrontal cortex of the mouse model and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines BNIP3,FSTL1,SOCS2 and SOCS5,while treatment with an miR-9-5p inhibitor reversed these changes.These findings suggest that H2S can reduce neuroinflammation in a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury through regulating the miR-9-5p/CXCL11 axis and restoringβ-synthase expression,thereby playing a role in reducing neuroinflammation in hypoxic ischemic brain injury.
文摘In neurodegenerative and classically demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS),spinal cord injury(SCI),stroke,and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,glial functioning is compromised and nervous tissue integrity is lost.Recently,primary neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and Parkinson’s disease(PD)are increasingly linked to impaired oligodendroglia functioning upon neurodegeneration.Due to the destructive micro-environment created by nervous tissue damage,the progressive cellular loss in these disorders,and the amitotic nature of neurons,spontaneous endogenous repair process are limited in nature.Hence,there is a medical need for efficient therapeutic strategies capable of supporting neuro-reparative processes to occur,likely supported by improved oligodendroglia cell functioning.
文摘Brain organoids mimic closely the embryonic human brain:Over the last decade,the development of human organoid systems has evolved rapidly.Different tissues have been modeled with organoids,such as the gut,lung,liver,kidney retina and brain.These systems have a high cellular heterogeneity,with many cell types integrated into the same system.Organoids'cellular populations interact between and amongst each other in a cellular and molecular level,which represents an advantage with respects to monolayer 2D cell culture systems.
文摘Pre-diabetic insulin resistance is associated with sub-clinical inflammation and concomitant increase in systemic C-reactive protein(CRP)levels.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients register even higher chronic levels of inflammation,with excess circulating CRP originating from both typical hepatic synthesis,and also visceral white adipose tissue.
基金supported by the Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences.
文摘Objective:To investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of coumarin and eugenol in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.Methods:RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 2.5μg/mL of LPS,50μM of coumarin,and 50μM eugenol for 24 h.The viability of the cells was assessed using MTT assay.The production of nitric oxide was determined using Griess reagent and DCFH-DA was used to measure the production of reactive oxygen species.The protein expression of NLRP3,IL-1β,NF-κB,and cyclooxygenase 2 was assessed using Western blot analysis.Results:Coumarin and eugenol showed anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammatory response by ameliorating the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB,which further led to a subsequent reduction in IL-1β,nitric oxide,and reactive oxygen species.Conclusions:Coumarin and eugenol exert their anti-inflammatory activities by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and NF-κB.These compounds may have promising therapeutic applications for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
基金supported by Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),the Government of India agency research grant(F.N.5/9/1328/2020-Nut).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods:RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol(100 mM)and benzydamine hydrochloride(7.5μM).The imflammatory status was confirmed by measuring pro-(TNF-αand IL-6)and anti-inflammatory(IL-10)cytokines through ELISA and RT-PCR assays.Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated to study the protective role of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress.Apoptosis detection was also investigated using flow cytometry and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.Results:Benzydamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-αand IL-6,as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species inside the cells,thereby stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing DNA fragmentation.The ethanol-induced cellular necrosis was also reversed by the administration of benzydamine hydrochloride.Conclusions:Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in RAW macrophages.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.32060819]。
文摘Objective The aim of this study is to explore the potential modulatory role of quercetin against Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced septic cardiac dysfunction.Methods Specific pathogen-free chicken embryos(n=120)were allocated untreated control,phosphate buffer solution(PBS)vehicle,PBS with ethanol vehicle,LPS(500 ng/egg),LPS with quercetin treatment(10,20,or 40 nmol/egg,respectively),Quercetin groups(10,20,or 40 nmol/egg).Fifteenday-old embryonated eggs were inoculated with abovementioned solutions via the allantoic cavity.At embryonic day 19,the hearts of the embryos were collected for histopathological examination,RNA extraction,real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemical investigations,and Western blotting.Results They demonstrated that the heart presented inflammatory responses after LPS induction.The LPS-induced higher mRNA expressions of inflammation-related factors(TLR4,TNFα,MYD88,NF-κB1,IFNγ,IL-1β,IL-8,IL-6,IL-10,p38,MMP3,and MMP9)were blocked by quercetin with three dosages.Quercetin significantly decreased immunopositivity to TLR4 and MMP9 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin significantly decreased protein expressions of TLR4,IFNγ,MMP3,and MMP9 when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin treatment prevented LPS-induced increase in the mRNA expression of Claudin 1 and ZO-1,and significantly decreased protein expression of claudin 1 when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin significantly downregulated autophagyrelated gene expressions(PPARα,SGLT1,APOA4,AMPKα1,AMPKα2,ATG5,ATG7,Beclin-1,and LC3B)and programmed cell death(Fas,Bcl-2,CASP1,CASP12,CASP3,and RIPK1)after LPS induction.Quercetin significantly decreased immunopositivity to APOA4,AMPKα2,and LC3-II/LC3-I in the treatment group when compared with the LPS group.Quercetin significantly decreased protein expressions of AMPKα1,LC3-I,and LC3-II.Quercetin significantly decreased the protein expression to CASP1 and CASP3 by immunohistochemical investigation or Western blotting in treatment group when compared with LPS group.Conclusion Quercetin alleviates cardiac inflammation induced by LPS through modulating autophagy,programmed cell death,and myocardiocytes permeability.
文摘Digestion and intestinal absorption allow the body to sustain itself and are the emblematic functions of the bowel.On the flip side,functions also arise from its role as an interface with the environment.Indeed,the gut houses microorganisms,collectively known as the gut microbiota,which interact with the host,and is the site of complex immune activities.Its role in human pathology is complex and scientific evidence is progressively elucidating the functions of the gut,especially regarding the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal diseases and inflammatory conditions affecting various organs and systems.This editorial aims to highlight and relate the factors involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic inflammation.
基金supported by Shandong Taishan industry leading talent project(LJNY202101)the National Key R&D of China(2018YFC0311201)。
文摘This study aimed to explore the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 on the improvement of atherosclerotic inflammation.Arteriosclerosis model ApoE^(-/-)mice were orally administered with B.animalis F1-7 for 12 weeks.The probiotic intervention reduced the plaque areas in aorta and the accumulation of macrophages,and downregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)pathway to reduce the levels of inflammatory factors.The widely-targeted metabolomics analysis showed that acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)in the intestine of atherosclerotic mice was significantly increased after B.animalis F1-7 intervention.Correlation analysis proved that ALC was associated with atherosclerotic inflammatory response.By using oxidized low density lipoprotein induced macrophage foam cells,we further verified that ALC could reduce lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in foam cells by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Finally,our results revealed that B.animalis F1-7 upregulated the metabolite ALC to downregulate the inflammatory responses,leading to the reduction of plaque accumulation of atherosclerosis.
文摘Hypoxia can get more ability to inhibit inflammation.But how it impact on survival time of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)is confusing and how preconditioned MSCs inhibiting inflammation are partially known.Those issues decided the value of preconditioned MSCs by hypoxia.
基金This work was supported financially by Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute through Project to make multi-ministerial national biological research resources more advanced program,funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(grant number RS-2023-00230403).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and zebrafish.Methods:HaCaT cells and zebrafish were used to evaluate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.The production of nitric oxide(NO),intracellular ROS,prostaglandin E2(PGE2),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB were evaluated in PM-induced HaCaT cells.Furthermore,the levels of ROS,NO,and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the PM-exposed zebrafish model.Results:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract significantly decreased the production of NO,intracellular ROS,and PGE2 in PM-induced HaCaT cells.In addition,the fraction markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB.Furthermore,it displayed remarkable protective effects against PM-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress,represented by the reduction of NO,ROS,and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish.Conclusions:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract exhibits a protective effect against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential as a candidate for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81891010/81891011,81725023,82003614,82173950,31770192,32070187,32161133003 and 82003681)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No:2022T150029).
文摘Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016μM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.
基金supported by NIH Grant Al-15614 (to CAD)the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PID2020-120267BRI00AEI/10.13039/501100011033)(to RLV)。
文摘Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy(catabolism) or used to build macromolecules(anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. Metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401692,31901960,32272513,32001976)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01766,2023J011418,2020J05177)+3 种基金Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Key Project(2022NZ030014)External Cooperation Program of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(DWHZ-2024-23)State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop Opening Project(SKL2019005)Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JAT190627)。
文摘Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.
文摘Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN)are a group of diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells.They are clinically classifiable into four main diseases:chronic myeloid leukemia,essential thrombocythemia,polycythemia vera,and primary myelofibrosis.These pathologies are closely related to cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases due to the increased risk of arterial thrombosis,the most common underlying cause of acute myocardial infarction.Recent evidence shows that the classical Virchow triad(hypercoagulability,blood stasis,endothelial injury)might offer an explanation for such association.Indeed,patients with MPN might have a higher number and more reactive circulating platelets and leukocytes,a tendency toward blood stasis because of a high number of circulating red blood cells,endothelial injury or overactivation as a consequence of sustained inflammation caused by the neoplastic clonal cell.These abnormal cancer cells,especially when associated with the JAK2V617F mutation,tend to proliferate and secrete several inflammatory cytokines.This sustains a pro-inflammatory state throughout the body.The direct consequence is the induction of a pro-thrombotic state that acts as a determinant in favoring both venous and arterial thrombus formation.Clinically,MPN patients need to be carefully evaluated to be treated not only with cytoreductive treatments but also with cardiovascular protective strategies.
基金This work was supported by Nantong Science and Technology Project(MS22022012,MS12021039,MS12018020,MS12018041,JC2020040)Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory Animal Association(DWXH202116)+1 种基金the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Nantong University(135420505015,135422505037)National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110304036Z).
文摘Objective:Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disorder characterized by intricate structural and functional alterations in the kidneys,attributable to diverse causative factors.Notably,the therapeutic promise of miR-145-5p in addressing renal pathologies has been discerned.This investigation seeks to elucidate the functional role of miR-145-5p in injured kidneys by subjecting human glomerular mesangial cells(HGMCs)to stimulation with Angiotensin II(AngII).Materials and Methods:Cellular viability and the levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated utilizing Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and western blot methodologies,both in the presence of AngII incubation and in scenarios of miR-145p overexpression and downregulation.Furthermore,the cell cycle dynamics were elucidated through Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting(FACS)analysis.Results:AngII incubation induced an upregulation of miR-145-5p and inflammatory factors including Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1(ICAM-1),Interleukin 6(IL-6),Interleukin 8(IL-8),and Interleukin 1β(IL-1β).Additionally,it elevated the expression of Cyclin A2,Cyclin D1,and the G2/M cell cycle ratio.Conversely,inhibition of miR-145-5p heightened the levels of inflammatory factors and cell cycle regulators induced by AngII incubation.Reduced expression of miR-145-5p correlated with a downregulation of Interleukin 10(IL-10)expression,concurrently promoting HGMC proliferation under AngII stimulation.Moreover,ectopic miR-145-5p expression demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory factors,cell cyclin regulators,G2/M cell cycle ratio,and overall proliferation.Conclusion:MiR-145-5p exhibited inhibitory effects on the inflammatory response and proliferation induced by Angiotensin II in HGMCs,showcasing its potential as a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of kidney injury.
基金the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LY21C130004)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C02056-3)+1 种基金the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202202)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAASASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
文摘The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzing APIP5-RNAi transgenic plants.To further investigate the biological functions of OsbZIP53,we generated osbzip53 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and also constructed OsbZIP53 over-expression transgenic plants.Comprehensive analysis of phenotypical,physiological,and transcriptional data showed that knocking-out OsbZIP53 not only improved disease resistance by inducing a hypersensitivity response in plants,but also regulated the immune response through the salicylic acid pathway.Specifically,disrupting OsbZIP53 increased H2O2 accumulation by promoting reactive oxygen species generation through up-regulation of several respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Osrboh genes)and weakened H2O2 degradation by directly targeting OsMYBS1.In addition,the growth of osbzip53 mutants was seriously impaired,while OsbZIP53 over-expression lines displayed a similar phenotype to the wild type,suggesting that OsbZIP53 has a balancing effect on rice immune response and growth.
文摘BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index(SIRI)in advanced pancreatic cancer is recognized,but its correlation with patients´nutritional status and outcomes remains unexplored.AIM To study the prognostic significance of SIRI and weight loss in metastatic pancreatic cancer.METHODS The PANTHEIA-Spanish Society of Medical Oncology(SEOM)study is a multicentric(16 Spanish hospitals),observational,longitudinal,non-interventional initiative,promoted by the SEOM Real World-Evidence work group.This pilot study sought to analyze the association between weight loss and inflammatory status as defined by SIRI.The cohort stems from a proof-of-concept pilot study conducted at one of the coordinating centers.Patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma,treated from January 2020 to January 2023,were included.The index was calculated using the product of neutrophil and monocyte counts,divided by lymphocyte counts,obtained within 15 days before initiation chemotherapy.This study evaluated associations between overall survival(OS),SIRI and weight loss.RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included.66%of these patients were male and the median age was 66 years.Metastasis sites:36%liver,12%peritoneal carcinomatosis,10%lung,and 42%multiple locations.Regarding the first line palliative chemotherapy treatments:50%received gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel;28%,modified fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan and oxaliplatin,and 16%were administered gemcitabine.42%had a weight loss>5%in the three months(mo)preceding diagnosis.21 patients with a SIRI≥2.3×10^(3)/L exhibited a trend towards a lower median OS compared to those with a SIRI<2.3×10^(3)/L(4 vs 18 mo;P<0.000).Among 21 patients with>5%weight loss before diagnosis,the median OS was 6 mo,in contrast to 19 mo for those who did not experience such weight loss(P=0.003).Patients with a weight loss>5%showed higher SIRI levels.This difference was statistically significant(P<0.000).For patients with a SIRI<2.3×10^(3)/L,those who did not lose>5%of their weight had an OS of 20 mo,compared to 11 mo for those who did(P<0.001).No association was found between carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels≥1000 U/mL and weight loss.CONCLUSION A higher SIRI was correlated with decreased survival rates in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and associated with weight loss.An elevated SIRI is suggested as a predictor of survival,emphasizing the need for prospective validation in the upcoming PANTHEIA-SEOM study.
