In this article, information about universal and triple contact actional ZEROX immunostimulant at 3 various norms and different periods when it affected to Bukhara 10 cotton on 3 numbers of seedlings is presented. Res...In this article, information about universal and triple contact actional ZEROX immunostimulant at 3 various norms and different periods when it affected to Bukhara 10 cotton on 3 numbers of seedlings is presented. Research has shown, when in pre-sowing of seed 2 l/t and 2 l/ha in vegetation periods of ZEROX immunostimulant in the number of left seedlings 80 - 90,000 plant/ha of Bukhara 10 cotton it was treated, it was determined that the highest yield was obtained.展开更多
Aquaculture is a rapidly growing global agriculture sector and the importance of fish health has become of upmost importance as production levels and stocking densities increase. Over the past few decades, there have ...Aquaculture is a rapidly growing global agriculture sector and the importance of fish health has become of upmost importance as production levels and stocking densities increase. Over the past few decades, there have been a large number of immunological investigations on commonly cultured finfish species. Further, new technologies and strategies that embody use of fish immunostimulants, probiotics, and vaccinology rely heavily upon a comprehensive understanding of teleost immune system mechanics. The teleost immune system works in concert to properly recognize, control, and clear aquatic pathogens. Recent findings have exemplified the cooperative efforts of the nonspecific and adaptive branches, and have put forth an emphasis on the importance of the mucosal immune response in all aspects of a mounted immune response. This review provides a generalized overview of the innate and adaptive arms of the fish immune system, and provides highlights of recently published work in the areas of signaling networks and mucosal immune interactions.展开更多
Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock olig...Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock oligosaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide and lentinus edodes polysaccharide, were screened for potential use as immunostimulants by using spectrophotometry. The saccharides were injected into Apostichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber, and the lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the coelomic fluid and epidermal slime were monitored in six consecutive days. The results show that the lysozyme activity of the animal’s coelomic fluid was significantly stimulated on day 2, day 4 and day 6 after the injection of the saccharides (P<0.05). The effects of chitosan and yeast polysaccharide were the most notable. The lysozyme activity of the epidermal slime was significantly increased by chitosana, yeast polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide, and burdock oligosaccharide on day 1 and day 2 after the injection (P<0.05). The SOD activity of the coelomic fluid was significantly promoted by the saccharides on day 2 and day 4 post-injection (P<0.05), while the SOD activity of the epidermal slime increased on day 2. These findings indicate that chitosan and yeast polysaccharide are the most effective immunostimulants and potential healthy anti-disease feedstuff for A. japonicus.展开更多
To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in...To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immu-nostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity and immunostimulant of red seaweedChondrococcus hornemanni pathogens.Methods:(C.hornemanni)(Kuetzing,1847)against marine ornamental fish antimicrobial activity against ...Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity and immunostimulant of red seaweedChondrococcus hornemanni pathogens.Methods:(C.hornemanni)(Kuetzing,1847)against marine ornamental fish antimicrobial activity against two fish pathogens and the partially purified potential compound was characterized by GC-MS.Purified seaweed extract was injected to the clownfish,Amphiprion sebae to study the innate immune response of these fishes.Results:In the present study,seaweed extract of C.hornemanni showed significant Aeromonas hydrophila(20 mm)and Vibrio parahaemolyticus(19 mm)at a concentration(25 mg/mL)shown higher antimicrobial activity.The white blood cell count and respirator burst activity was significantly increased in the experimental tanks(E1)and(E2)when compared with control.The extracts was found effective and had more than 80%inhibitory activity against Conclusions:Hence,it is concluded that the seaweed extracts of C.hornemanni had potential bioactive compounds and act an immunostimulant and improve the immune response to fish.展开更多
Immunostimulants are valuable for the control of fish diseases. At present, it has already been a main tendency to discover and develop novel immunostimulants with characteristics of low toxicity, high efficacy, immed...Immunostimulants are valuable for the control of fish diseases. At present, it has already been a main tendency to discover and develop novel immunostimulants with characteristics of low toxicity, high efficacy, immediate efficacy and long-term efficacy. In this review, the definition, defense mechanism, categories and application of fish immunostimulants are introduced and fish immunostimulants are classified systematically according to their sources. Moreover, the latest literature about fish immunostimulants in detail were presented and reviewed and three methods for control of fish disease were compared: vaccination, chemotherapy and immunostimulants. Fish immunostimulants were thought to be safer than chemotherapeutics and their range of efficacy was wider than vaccination. They may be able to compensate for these limitations of chemotherapeutics and vaccines, thus they hold tremendous potential for use in fish culture to reduce losses from fish diseases. Meanwhile, concepts of use of fish immunostimulants were presented and principles for use were also noted. For aquaculture, this review provided a scientific reference for control of fish disease by immunostimulants.展开更多
文摘In this article, information about universal and triple contact actional ZEROX immunostimulant at 3 various norms and different periods when it affected to Bukhara 10 cotton on 3 numbers of seedlings is presented. Research has shown, when in pre-sowing of seed 2 l/t and 2 l/ha in vegetation periods of ZEROX immunostimulant in the number of left seedlings 80 - 90,000 plant/ha of Bukhara 10 cotton it was treated, it was determined that the highest yield was obtained.
文摘Aquaculture is a rapidly growing global agriculture sector and the importance of fish health has become of upmost importance as production levels and stocking densities increase. Over the past few decades, there have been a large number of immunological investigations on commonly cultured finfish species. Further, new technologies and strategies that embody use of fish immunostimulants, probiotics, and vaccinology rely heavily upon a comprehensive understanding of teleost immune system mechanics. The teleost immune system works in concert to properly recognize, control, and clear aquatic pathogens. Recent findings have exemplified the cooperative efforts of the nonspecific and adaptive branches, and have put forth an emphasis on the importance of the mucosal immune response in all aspects of a mounted immune response. This review provides a generalized overview of the innate and adaptive arms of the fish immune system, and provides highlights of recently published work in the areas of signaling networks and mucosal immune interactions.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program, No. 2006BAD09A06)the Special Fund of Chinese Central Government for Basic Scientific Research Operations in Commonweal Research Institutes (No. 02-2007B03)
文摘Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock oligosaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide and lentinus edodes polysaccharide, were screened for potential use as immunostimulants by using spectrophotometry. The saccharides were injected into Apostichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber, and the lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the coelomic fluid and epidermal slime were monitored in six consecutive days. The results show that the lysozyme activity of the animal’s coelomic fluid was significantly stimulated on day 2, day 4 and day 6 after the injection of the saccharides (P<0.05). The effects of chitosan and yeast polysaccharide were the most notable. The lysozyme activity of the epidermal slime was significantly increased by chitosana, yeast polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide, and burdock oligosaccharide on day 1 and day 2 after the injection (P<0.05). The SOD activity of the coelomic fluid was significantly promoted by the saccharides on day 2 and day 4 post-injection (P<0.05), while the SOD activity of the epidermal slime increased on day 2. These findings indicate that chitosan and yeast polysaccharide are the most effective immunostimulants and potential healthy anti-disease feedstuff for A. japonicus.
基金supported by the Foundation for University Key Teachers under the Ministry of Education of China (No. 160004)
文摘To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immu-nostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells.
基金Supported by the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology(Ministry of Earth Sciences),Kochi for financial assistance(Grant No.MoES/10MLR/2007).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity and immunostimulant of red seaweedChondrococcus hornemanni pathogens.Methods:(C.hornemanni)(Kuetzing,1847)against marine ornamental fish antimicrobial activity against two fish pathogens and the partially purified potential compound was characterized by GC-MS.Purified seaweed extract was injected to the clownfish,Amphiprion sebae to study the innate immune response of these fishes.Results:In the present study,seaweed extract of C.hornemanni showed significant Aeromonas hydrophila(20 mm)and Vibrio parahaemolyticus(19 mm)at a concentration(25 mg/mL)shown higher antimicrobial activity.The white blood cell count and respirator burst activity was significantly increased in the experimental tanks(E1)and(E2)when compared with control.The extracts was found effective and had more than 80%inhibitory activity against Conclusions:Hence,it is concluded that the seaweed extracts of C.hornemanni had potential bioactive compounds and act an immunostimulant and improve the immune response to fish.
文摘Immunostimulants are valuable for the control of fish diseases. At present, it has already been a main tendency to discover and develop novel immunostimulants with characteristics of low toxicity, high efficacy, immediate efficacy and long-term efficacy. In this review, the definition, defense mechanism, categories and application of fish immunostimulants are introduced and fish immunostimulants are classified systematically according to their sources. Moreover, the latest literature about fish immunostimulants in detail were presented and reviewed and three methods for control of fish disease were compared: vaccination, chemotherapy and immunostimulants. Fish immunostimulants were thought to be safer than chemotherapeutics and their range of efficacy was wider than vaccination. They may be able to compensate for these limitations of chemotherapeutics and vaccines, thus they hold tremendous potential for use in fish culture to reduce losses from fish diseases. Meanwhile, concepts of use of fish immunostimulants were presented and principles for use were also noted. For aquaculture, this review provided a scientific reference for control of fish disease by immunostimulants.
