The Trump administration of the United States has accelerated the advancement of the‘‘open and free Indo-Pacific’,strategy since 2017.From a geopolitical point of view and in terms of its national interests,Russia ...The Trump administration of the United States has accelerated the advancement of the‘‘open and free Indo-Pacific’,strategy since 2017.From a geopolitical point of view and in terms of its national interests,Russia has generally been critical of this strategy,believing it has posed certain challenges to its“Pivot to the East”strategy.Meanwhile,Russia is rejoicing for not being the primary target of US containment in the region and has sensed a new opportunity for exercising its Asia-Pacific diplomacy in the context of the Indo-Pacific strategy.Based on this situation,Russia has made a flexible and pragmatic policy response to it.However,Russia will inevitably face many restraints.In the future,Russia will seek to maximize its strategic interests on the basis of adhering to its inherent principles of Asia-Pacific diplomacy.展开更多
In 2017, the Trump administration formally articulated its vision for the Indo-Pacific strategy, replacing "Asia-Pacific" with"Indo-Pacific"in policy papers and taking measures to promote the reali...In 2017, the Trump administration formally articulated its vision for the Indo-Pacific strategy, replacing "Asia-Pacific" with"Indo-Pacific"in policy papers and taking measures to promote the realization of an "Indo-Pacific dream". This represents a significant adjustment in US regional policies. An important power in the Indian Ocean region, India is perceived as key to the successful implementation of this Indo-Pacific strategy. Generally speaking, the current Indian government and strategy circle actively support the upgrading of the"Indo-Pacific"concept from a geographical and academic term to a US vision for foreign strategies, anticipating that India could garner significant strategic benefits from it. Given this, New Delhi will continually adapt its foreign policies to the US Indo-Pacific strategy and may even direct the development of the strategy to counter the Belt and Road Initiative, work with other nations to balance China's influence and finally make the rise of India as a great power a reality. Nonetheless, the Indo-pacific strategy is in its early stages, and the content is not completely pro-India currently. On top of this India is still skeptical of the US and will proceed cautiously, leaving room for maneuver in the future,fully tapping into the benefits of the Indo-Pacific strategy and avoiding direct confrontation with China.展开更多
Pakistan,China’s all-weather strategic cooperative partner,has recently undergone a significant adjustment in its major country diplomacy,particularly in its policies toward the United States and Russia.The triangula...Pakistan,China’s all-weather strategic cooperative partner,has recently undergone a significant adjustment in its major country diplomacy,particularly in its policies toward the United States and Russia.The triangular relationship among Pakistan,the United States,and Russia has changed from a previous severely unbalanced state,in which the Pakistan–United States relationship is stronger and the Pakistan–Russia relationship is weaker,to a relatively dynamic equilibrium state in which the Pakistan–United States relationship declines while the Pakistan–Russia relationship rises.At the same time,although Pakistan’s policy toward India and China has continued the central tone of Pakistan–India confrontation and Pakistan–China friendship,several new changes and trends have emerged.While Pakistan–India relations are generally tense,Pakistan has performed active management of crises to keep conflicts from getting out of control and leading to war or other combat.Pakistan has long actively maintained friendly relations with China and is focusing on promoting practical cooperation in the form of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.The current round of adjustment to Pakistan’s major country diplomacy stems from multiple internal and external factors.Externally,the United States has begun to promote its“Indo-Pacific”strategy,and the Ukraine crisis has played a catalytic role as well.Internally,these changes can mainly be ascribed to the major changes in Pakistan’s leadership,as well as the country’s severe domestic political and economic challenges,as well as the urgent need for external support,especially from major countries,to improve the domestic situation.Pakistan’s major country diplomacy adjustment has had relatively obvious geopolitical and security impacts so far at the global and regional levels,but it is limited by the international situation,its own strategic orientation,and national conditions.Pakistan’s relations with major countries continue to face structural challenges.展开更多
Japan-UK security cooperation has been deepening as the Indo-Pacific Strategy has converged with Global Britain,which has become strongly Indo-Pacific-oriented.In terms of their cooperation on security,the two countri...Japan-UK security cooperation has been deepening as the Indo-Pacific Strategy has converged with Global Britain,which has become strongly Indo-Pacific-oriented.In terms of their cooperation on security,the two countries have close security interactions,high-level security consultations,numerous mechanisms on security cooperation,frequent defense cooperation and exchanges between forces,and cooperation geared at a response to the Korean nuclear issue.In particular,Japan and the UK regard Indo-Pacific security as the strategic focus of their cooperation,and this underscores the rules-based international order.There are multiple motivations for Japan and the UK to strengthen their security cooperation,and the deepening of their security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region is to a great extent due to strategic factors,including responding to the US strategic adjustment,Japan and Britain’s respective proactive strategic demands,the improving strategic positions of the Indopacific region,their seeking to shape the regional order in the Indo-Pacific,and so on.Despite facing challenges,Japan-UK security cooperation is continuously strengthening against a background of deepening strategic convergence between the two countries and great power competition.展开更多
Among the major countries in the world,Russia and India are two that have always maintained relatively stable relations.However,recent years have witnessed profound transitions in the regional and global strategic env...Among the major countries in the world,Russia and India are two that have always maintained relatively stable relations.However,recent years have witnessed profound transitions in the regional and global strategic environments,hence increasing divergence between their foreign policy strategies.Furthermore,the traditional drivers of cooperation between the two countries are weakening,such that their disagreements are accumulating in plain sight.Their perceptions and policies surrounding the Indo-Pacific,in particular,have created significant strategic discord.In the foreseeable future,the foundational basis for strategic cooperation between Russia and India will not be fundamentally shaken,but reversing the trend of their drifting foreign policies will prove to be difficult.The gap between the two sides will continue to exist and is likely to further enlarge.The trajectory of Russia-India relations will entail changes in the international and regional landscapes.Overall,a stable Russia-India relationship is in China’s best interest.展开更多
文摘The Trump administration of the United States has accelerated the advancement of the‘‘open and free Indo-Pacific’,strategy since 2017.From a geopolitical point of view and in terms of its national interests,Russia has generally been critical of this strategy,believing it has posed certain challenges to its“Pivot to the East”strategy.Meanwhile,Russia is rejoicing for not being the primary target of US containment in the region and has sensed a new opportunity for exercising its Asia-Pacific diplomacy in the context of the Indo-Pacific strategy.Based on this situation,Russia has made a flexible and pragmatic policy response to it.However,Russia will inevitably face many restraints.In the future,Russia will seek to maximize its strategic interests on the basis of adhering to its inherent principles of Asia-Pacific diplomacy.
文摘In 2017, the Trump administration formally articulated its vision for the Indo-Pacific strategy, replacing "Asia-Pacific" with"Indo-Pacific"in policy papers and taking measures to promote the realization of an "Indo-Pacific dream". This represents a significant adjustment in US regional policies. An important power in the Indian Ocean region, India is perceived as key to the successful implementation of this Indo-Pacific strategy. Generally speaking, the current Indian government and strategy circle actively support the upgrading of the"Indo-Pacific"concept from a geographical and academic term to a US vision for foreign strategies, anticipating that India could garner significant strategic benefits from it. Given this, New Delhi will continually adapt its foreign policies to the US Indo-Pacific strategy and may even direct the development of the strategy to counter the Belt and Road Initiative, work with other nations to balance China's influence and finally make the rise of India as a great power a reality. Nonetheless, the Indo-pacific strategy is in its early stages, and the content is not completely pro-India currently. On top of this India is still skeptical of the US and will proceed cautiously, leaving room for maneuver in the future,fully tapping into the benefits of the Indo-Pacific strategy and avoiding direct confrontation with China.
文摘Pakistan,China’s all-weather strategic cooperative partner,has recently undergone a significant adjustment in its major country diplomacy,particularly in its policies toward the United States and Russia.The triangular relationship among Pakistan,the United States,and Russia has changed from a previous severely unbalanced state,in which the Pakistan–United States relationship is stronger and the Pakistan–Russia relationship is weaker,to a relatively dynamic equilibrium state in which the Pakistan–United States relationship declines while the Pakistan–Russia relationship rises.At the same time,although Pakistan’s policy toward India and China has continued the central tone of Pakistan–India confrontation and Pakistan–China friendship,several new changes and trends have emerged.While Pakistan–India relations are generally tense,Pakistan has performed active management of crises to keep conflicts from getting out of control and leading to war or other combat.Pakistan has long actively maintained friendly relations with China and is focusing on promoting practical cooperation in the form of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.The current round of adjustment to Pakistan’s major country diplomacy stems from multiple internal and external factors.Externally,the United States has begun to promote its“Indo-Pacific”strategy,and the Ukraine crisis has played a catalytic role as well.Internally,these changes can mainly be ascribed to the major changes in Pakistan’s leadership,as well as the country’s severe domestic political and economic challenges,as well as the urgent need for external support,especially from major countries,to improve the domestic situation.Pakistan’s major country diplomacy adjustment has had relatively obvious geopolitical and security impacts so far at the global and regional levels,but it is limited by the international situation,its own strategic orientation,and national conditions.Pakistan’s relations with major countries continue to face structural challenges.
基金This article is a phased outcome of the National Social Sciences Foundation project:“Japan’s Adjustment of China Strategy in the Context of Belt and Road Initiative and China’s Response”(Project Number:18BGJ056).
文摘Japan-UK security cooperation has been deepening as the Indo-Pacific Strategy has converged with Global Britain,which has become strongly Indo-Pacific-oriented.In terms of their cooperation on security,the two countries have close security interactions,high-level security consultations,numerous mechanisms on security cooperation,frequent defense cooperation and exchanges between forces,and cooperation geared at a response to the Korean nuclear issue.In particular,Japan and the UK regard Indo-Pacific security as the strategic focus of their cooperation,and this underscores the rules-based international order.There are multiple motivations for Japan and the UK to strengthen their security cooperation,and the deepening of their security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region is to a great extent due to strategic factors,including responding to the US strategic adjustment,Japan and Britain’s respective proactive strategic demands,the improving strategic positions of the Indopacific region,their seeking to shape the regional order in the Indo-Pacific,and so on.Despite facing challenges,Japan-UK security cooperation is continuously strengthening against a background of deepening strategic convergence between the two countries and great power competition.
基金the result of the initial research of a key project supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)on the“Indo-Pacific Sea Lane Security Support System in the Context of the‘Belt and Road Initiative’”(Grant No.:19AGJ002)。
文摘Among the major countries in the world,Russia and India are two that have always maintained relatively stable relations.However,recent years have witnessed profound transitions in the regional and global strategic environments,hence increasing divergence between their foreign policy strategies.Furthermore,the traditional drivers of cooperation between the two countries are weakening,such that their disagreements are accumulating in plain sight.Their perceptions and policies surrounding the Indo-Pacific,in particular,have created significant strategic discord.In the foreseeable future,the foundational basis for strategic cooperation between Russia and India will not be fundamentally shaken,but reversing the trend of their drifting foreign policies will prove to be difficult.The gap between the two sides will continue to exist and is likely to further enlarge.The trajectory of Russia-India relations will entail changes in the international and regional landscapes.Overall,a stable Russia-India relationship is in China’s best interest.
