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A mimic of soft tissue infection: intra-arterial injection drug use producing hand swelling and digital ischemia 被引量:1
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作者 Sean D.Foster Michael S.Lyons +1 位作者 Christopher M.Runyan Edward J.Otten 《World Journal of Emergency Medicine》 CAS 2015年第3期233-236,共4页
BACKGROUND: Inadvertent intra-arterial injection of illicit substances is a known complication of injection drug use and can lead to severe complications, including infection, ischemia and compartment syndrome. Identi... BACKGROUND: Inadvertent intra-arterial injection of illicit substances is a known complication of injection drug use and can lead to severe complications, including infection, ischemia and compartment syndrome. Identifying complications of intra-arterial injection can be difficult, as clinical manifestations overlap with other more common conditions such as cellulitis and soft tissue infection, and a history of injection drug use is frequently not disclosed.METHODS: A 37-year-old male patient presented with 24 hours of right hand pain, erythema and swelling. Despite classic "track marks", he denied a history of injection drug use, and vascular insults were not initially considered. After failing to respond to three days of aggressive treatment for suspected deep-space infection, an arteriogram demonstrated findings consistent with digital ischemia of embolic etiology.RESULTS: As a result of the delay in diagnosis, the lesion was not amenable to reperfusion and the patient required amputation of the distal digit.CONCLUSION: Practitioners should be alert to the possibility of intra-arterial injection and resulting complications when evaluating unusual extremity infections or unexplained ischemic symptoms, even in the absence of a definite history of injection drug use. 展开更多
关键词 Intra-arterial injection Opioid abuse injection drug use Digital ischemia
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Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS transmission in China 被引量:17
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作者 Tian Xin CHU Judith A LEVY 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第11期865-869,共5页
After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, ha... After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, has come to play a predomi- nant role in fueling China’s AIDS epidemic. The first outbreak of HIV among China’s IDUs was reported in the border area of Yunnan province between China and Myanmar where drug trafficking is heavy. Since then drug-related HIV has spread to all 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. This paper provides an overview to HIV/AIDS transmission through injection drug use in China. It begins with a brief history of the illicit drug trade in China, followed by a discussion of the emergence of drug related AIDS, and a profile of drug users and their sexual partners who have contracted the virus or who are vulnerable to infection. It ends by summarizing three national strategies being used by China to address both drug use and AIDS as major health threats. 展开更多
关键词 injecting drug use China HIV/AIDS drug trafficking METHADONE
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HIV-1 Transmission among Injecting Drug Users is Principally Derived from Local Circulating Strains in Guangxi, China
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作者 CEN Ping LIANG Hua Yue +12 位作者 YANG Yuan ZHANG Fei YANG Shi Xiong MO Ju Cong FENG Yi HUANG Jie Gang NING Chuan Yi HUANG Chun Yuan YANG Yao LIANG Na LIANG Bing Yu YE Li LIANG Hao 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第5期418-430,共13页
Objective The mode of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) transmission via injection drug use(IDU)still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of HIV infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this s... Objective The mode of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) transmission via injection drug use(IDU)still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of HIV infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal sources and dynamics of HIV-1 transmission through IDU in Guangxi.Methods We performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of infections across Guangxi from2009 to 2019. Phylogenetic and Bayesian time-geographic analyses of HIV-1 sequences were performed to confirm the characteristics of transmission between IDUs in combination with epidemiological data.Results Among the 535 subjects, CRF08_BC(57.4%), CRF01_AE(28.4%), and CRF07_BC(10.7%) were the top 3 HIV strains;72.6% of infections were linked to other provinces in the transmission network;93.6% of sequence-transmitted strains were locally endemic, with the rest coming from other provinces,predominantly Guangdong and Yunnan;92.1% of the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs tended to be transmitted between HIV-positive IDUs.Conclusion HIV recombinants were high diversity, and circulating local strains were the transmission sources among IDUs in Guangxi. However, there were still cases of IDUs linked to other provinces.Coverage of traditional prevention strategies should be expanded, and inter-provincial collaboration between Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces should be strengthened. 展开更多
关键词 HIV-1 injection drug use TRANSMISSION Strain source PHYLOGENETICS
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Reviews of Research on Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
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作者 Chao Meng Na Li +2 位作者 Zhaoxiao Tong Huangxin Yan Shenxiao Min 《国际感染病学(电子版)》 CAS 2015年第1期6-9,共4页
关键词 Hepatitis C virus Risk factors Unsafe medical injections injection drug use High-risk sexual behavior
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Hepatitis A virus infection and hepatitis A vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A review 被引量:7
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作者 Kuan-Yin Lin Guan-Jhou Chen +6 位作者 Yu-Lin Lee Yi-Chia Huang Aristine Cheng Hsin-Yun Sun Sui-Yuan Chang Chun-Eng Liu Chien-Ching Hung 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2017年第20期3589-3606,共18页
Hepatitis A virus(HAV)is one of the most common infectious etiologies of acute hepatitis worldwide.The virus is known to be transmitted fecal-orally,resulting in symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulmina... Hepatitis A virus(HAV)is one of the most common infectious etiologies of acute hepatitis worldwide.The virus is known to be transmitted fecal-orally,resulting in symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant hepatitis.HAV can also be transmitted through oral-anal sex.Residents from regions of low endemicity for HAV infection often remain susceptible in their adulthood.Therefore,clustered HAV infections or outbreaks of acute hepatitis A among men who have sex with men and injecting drug users have been reported in countries of low endemicity for HAV infection.The duration of HAV viremia and stool shedding of HAV may be longer in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals with acute hepatitis A.Current guidelines recommend HAV vaccination for individuals with increased risks of exposure to HAV(such as from injecting drug use,oral-anal sex,travel to or residence in endemic areas,frequent clotting factor or blood transfusions)or with increased risks of fulminant disease(such as those with chronic hepatitis).The seroconversion rates following the recommended standard adult dosing schedule(2doses of HAVRIX 1440 U or VAQTA 50 U administered6-12 mo apart)are lower among HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals.While the response rates may be augmented by adding a booster dose at week 4 sandwiched between the first dose and the 6-mo dose,the need of booster vaccination remain less clear among HIV-positive individuals who have lost anti-HAV antibodies. 展开更多
关键词 Epidemiology Viral hepatitis Acute hepatitis Fecal-oral transmission Oral-anal sex Men who have sex with men Injecting drug use IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IMMUNIZATION
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Controversies in and challenges to our understanding of hepatitis C
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作者 Robert G Batey 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第31期4168-4176,共9页
Discovered in 1989, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) continues to cause signifi cant morbidity and mortality world-wide despite a huge research commitment to defining and understanding the virus and the disease it causes. ... Discovered in 1989, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) continues to cause signifi cant morbidity and mortality world-wide despite a huge research commitment to defining and understanding the virus and the disease it causes. This paper discusses a number of areas where progress in the management of the HCV have not kept pace with the scientifi c understanding of the HCV. It is suggested that in the fi elds of HCV prevention and providing access to treatment, practice falls short of what could be achieved. The role of alcohol in the pathogenesis of HCV liver injury is discussed. Discrimination against those with HCV infection and particularly those in prison settings fails to match good clinical practice. The complicated processes of sharing information between specialty groups is also discussed in an attempt to optimise knowledge dissemination in this field. 展开更多
关键词 Hepatitis C ALCOHOL Injecting drug use Prisons Genetic variation CIRRHOSIS Liver cell cancer
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