Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests...Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests quickly and accurately. Simple and clear instructions are recommended for pain assessment. However, few studies have provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Correspondingly, this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of specific verbal instructions for pain location during five consecutive Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) tests. The 28 asymptomatic participants (age 27.4 ± 9.6 years) who provided informed consent received five consecutive PSLR tests: three without and two with specific verbal instructions to ascertain pain intensity, quality, and location. The participants drew pain locations on a body chart and described the pain intensity and quality after each test. All participants were interviewed regarding the differences they noted in the presence and absence of specific verbal instructions. Each pain location was classified into one of ten areas for statistical analysis. The proportion of participants who changed the pain location was compared between the tests using McNemar’s test, and the kappa coefficient was confirmed for consistency of pain location. There was a significant difference in the proportion of participants who changed their pain location between the second and third tests and from the third to the fourth test (McNemar’s test: p = 0.003). Kappa coefficients had low consistency (κ = 0.28) just after receiving the specific verbal instructions in the fourth test compared to the third test. Consistency improved in the fifth test (κ = 0.57);93% of the participants answered that the pain location had become clearer. This study revealed the effects of specific verbal instructions in identifying pain locations. This detailed information may help PTs provide appropriate treatment and contribute to reducing pain in clinical settings.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 expert...GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries.The biggest advantage of the OA展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 exper...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology(World J Gastroenterol,WJG,print ISSN 1007-9327,DOI:10.3748)is a weekly,open-access(OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in
Transfer occurs as long as second language learning goes on. In the C —E translation of instructions of goods,transfer occurs as well. It is necessary to give a through study into those negative transfers in the inst...Transfer occurs as long as second language learning goes on. In the C —E translation of instructions of goods,transfer occurs as well. It is necessary to give a through study into those negative transfers in the instructions to improve the quality of translation. This paper takes the English instructions of electronic appliance in the New Century Supermarket in N anchang University as the subjects. Through a qualitative and a quantitative study of the subjects, the author concludes that negative transfer can be found here and there in the English instructions-negative transfer at lexical level, syntactical level and discourse level, negative transfer at syntactical level having the highest frequency. This paper also explores the reason why the phenomena occurs.展开更多
The Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry has renamed as the Journal of Energy Chemistry in 2013.The Journal of Energy Chemistry is a bimonthly Journal jointly edited by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and the Che...The Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry has renamed as the Journal of Energy Chemistry in 2013.The Journal of Energy Chemistry is a bimonthly Journal jointly edited by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and the Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Elsevier will publish the Journal on Science Direct,the online full text展开更多
ACM／ICPC（ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest）ACM国际大学生程序设计竞赛的简称．这是世界计算机领域的一项权威赛事。该文就是针对ACM国际大学生程序设计中的一道题目的解法进行算法分析，道题目的名字叫做“Instru...ACM／ICPC（ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest）ACM国际大学生程序设计竞赛的简称．这是世界计算机领域的一项权威赛事。该文就是针对ACM国际大学生程序设计中的一道题目的解法进行算法分析，道题目的名字叫做“Instructions”。通过对原问题进行理解，通过暴力方法，动态递推法，对原问题进行算法分析和实现，然后对算法进行测试和总结，从而满足题目的要求。展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG, ISSN 1007-9327 CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation, published on the 7^(th) 140^(th) 21^(sh) and 28^(th) of every month. Origin...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG, ISSN 1007-9327 CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation, published on the 7^(th) 140^(th) 21^(sh) and 28^(th) of every month. Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reports in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, viral liver diseases, etc., from all over the world are welcome on the condition that they have not been published previously and have not been submitted simultaneously elsewhere.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1144 exper...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1144 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries. The biggest advantage of the OA model is that it provides free,展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology(World J Gastroenterol,WJG,print ISSN1007-9327,online ISSN2219-2840,DOI:10.3748)is a weekly,open-access(OA),
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology(World J Gastroenterol,WJG,print ISSN 1007-9327,DOI:10.3748)is a weekly,open-access(OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in ga...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology(World J Gastroenterol,WJG,print ISSN 1007-9327,DOI:10.3748)is a weekly,open-access(OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries. The biggest advantage of the OA model is that it provides free,展开更多
Petroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to repor...Petroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to reporting the achievements from basic research, latest high-tech research and advanced research over the entire spectrum of petroleum science, including petroleum geology, petroleum geophysics, oilfield development, petroleum engineering, oil storage and transportation, petrochemistry, petroleum machinery, petroleum business administration and other disciplines related to the oil industry. Colleagues from all spheres of petroleum science are welcome to contribute to our journal, whose first issue formally appeared in January 2004. The Editorial Office asks the contributors to adhere to the following guidelines.展开更多
1.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University is spon-sored by Yunnan Agricultural University and has been published since1986.The journal was initially pub-lished semi-annually,and changed to quarterly in1989and bimont...1.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University is spon-sored by Yunnan Agricultural University and has been published since1986.The journal was initially pub-lished semi-annually,and changed to quarterly in1989and bimonthly in2004.As a comprehensive sci-entific periodical publication in China and abroad,Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University won the ti-tles of Chinese core journals,the core of Chinais sci-ence and technology journals,the core of Chinai ag-ricultural science journals.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG,World J Gàstroenterol ISSN 1007-9327CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation,published on the 7^(th),14^(th),21^(st) and 28^(th) ...GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG,World J Gàstroenterol ISSN 1007-9327CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation,published on the 7^(th),14^(th),21^(st) and 28^(th) of every month.Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reportsin esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, viral liverdiseases, etc., from all over the world are welcome on the condition thatthey have not been published previously and have not been submittedsimultaneously elsewhere.展开更多
Plasma Science and Technology (PST) journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important, novel, helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdiscipli...Plasma Science and Technology (PST) journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important, novel, helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field, in a timely manner. This field encompasses foundational plasma phenomena;low-temperature plasmas;magnetically confined plasmas;inertially confined plasmas;astrophysics and space plasmas;and interdisciplinary science of these;and the engineering and technology development and application from them.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG, ISSN 1007-9327 CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation, published on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th of every month. Original Research...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG, ISSN 1007-9327 CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation, published on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th of every month. Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reports in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer,展开更多
Plasma Science and Technology(PST)journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important,novel,helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary...Plasma Science and Technology(PST)journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important,novel,helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field,in a timely manner.This tield encompasses foundational plasma phenomena;low-temperature plasmas;magnetically confined plasmas;inertially confined plasmas:astrophysics and space plasmas:and interdisciplinary science of these:and the engineering and technology development and application from them.展开更多
Submission of Papers Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Vibration operates an online submission and peer review system that allows authors to submit articles online and track their progress via a web interface. ...Submission of Papers Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Vibration operates an online submission and peer review system that allows authors to submit articles online and track their progress via a web interface. Please visit http://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/eeev and navigate to the Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Vibration online submission site. By using the online form to submit your manuscript, you can minimize the delay until your work will be considered by the Editorial Offi ce and reviewed by the referees. Acceptance for publication is subject to the manuscript being an unpublished work presenting a signifi cant original contribution in earthquake engineering and/or engineering vibration. Submission of a manuscript is taken to imply that it is not being considered for publication elsewhere. The author is responsible for obtaining any necessary permission to publish from contracting agencies involved in the work or from holders of copyrights on material used in the paper.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, online ISSN 2219-2840, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editor...GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, online ISSN 2219-2840, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1352 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 64 countries. The biggest advantage of the OA model is that it provides free, full-text articles in PDF and other formats for experts展开更多
文摘Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests quickly and accurately. Simple and clear instructions are recommended for pain assessment. However, few studies have provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Correspondingly, this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of specific verbal instructions for pain location during five consecutive Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) tests. The 28 asymptomatic participants (age 27.4 ± 9.6 years) who provided informed consent received five consecutive PSLR tests: three without and two with specific verbal instructions to ascertain pain intensity, quality, and location. The participants drew pain locations on a body chart and described the pain intensity and quality after each test. All participants were interviewed regarding the differences they noted in the presence and absence of specific verbal instructions. Each pain location was classified into one of ten areas for statistical analysis. The proportion of participants who changed the pain location was compared between the tests using McNemar’s test, and the kappa coefficient was confirmed for consistency of pain location. There was a significant difference in the proportion of participants who changed their pain location between the second and third tests and from the third to the fourth test (McNemar’s test: p = 0.003). Kappa coefficients had low consistency (κ = 0.28) just after receiving the specific verbal instructions in the fourth test compared to the third test. Consistency improved in the fifth test (κ = 0.57);93% of the participants answered that the pain location had become clearer. This study revealed the effects of specific verbal instructions in identifying pain locations. This detailed information may help PTs provide appropriate treatment and contribute to reducing pain in clinical settings.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries.The biggest advantage of the OA
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology(World J Gastroenterol,WJG,print ISSN 1007-9327,DOI:10.3748)is a weekly,open-access(OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in
文摘Transfer occurs as long as second language learning goes on. In the C —E translation of instructions of goods,transfer occurs as well. It is necessary to give a through study into those negative transfers in the instructions to improve the quality of translation. This paper takes the English instructions of electronic appliance in the New Century Supermarket in N anchang University as the subjects. Through a qualitative and a quantitative study of the subjects, the author concludes that negative transfer can be found here and there in the English instructions-negative transfer at lexical level, syntactical level and discourse level, negative transfer at syntactical level having the highest frequency. This paper also explores the reason why the phenomena occurs.
文摘The Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry has renamed as the Journal of Energy Chemistry in 2013.The Journal of Energy Chemistry is a bimonthly Journal jointly edited by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and the Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Elsevier will publish the Journal on Science Direct,the online full text
文摘ACM／ICPC（ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest）ACM国际大学生程序设计竞赛的简称．这是世界计算机领域的一项权威赛事。该文就是针对ACM国际大学生程序设计中的一道题目的解法进行算法分析，道题目的名字叫做“Instructions”。通过对原问题进行理解，通过暴力方法，动态递推法，对原问题进行算法分析和实现，然后对算法进行测试和总结，从而满足题目的要求。
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG, ISSN 1007-9327 CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation, published on the 7^(th) 140^(th) 21^(sh) and 28^(th) of every month. Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reports in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, viral liver diseases, etc., from all over the world are welcome on the condition that they have not been published previously and have not been submitted simultaneously elsewhere.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1144 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries. The biggest advantage of the OA model is that it provides free,
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology(World J Gastroenterol,WJG,print ISSN1007-9327,online ISSN2219-2840,DOI:10.3748)is a weekly,open-access(OA),
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology(World J Gastroenterol,WJG,print ISSN 1007-9327,DOI:10.3748)is a weekly,open-access(OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1096 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 60 countries. The biggest advantage of the OA model is that it provides free,
文摘Petroleum Science, as a new academic journal in English, sponsored by the China University of Petroleum, introduces high-level academic achievements concerning petroleum science in China. It is devoted mainly to reporting the achievements from basic research, latest high-tech research and advanced research over the entire spectrum of petroleum science, including petroleum geology, petroleum geophysics, oilfield development, petroleum engineering, oil storage and transportation, petrochemistry, petroleum machinery, petroleum business administration and other disciplines related to the oil industry. Colleagues from all spheres of petroleum science are welcome to contribute to our journal, whose first issue formally appeared in January 2004. The Editorial Office asks the contributors to adhere to the following guidelines.
文摘1.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University is spon-sored by Yunnan Agricultural University and has been published since1986.The journal was initially pub-lished semi-annually,and changed to quarterly in1989and bimonthly in2004.As a comprehensive sci-entific periodical publication in China and abroad,Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University won the ti-tles of Chinese core journals,the core of Chinais sci-ence and technology journals,the core of Chinai ag-ricultural science journals.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATIONWorld Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG,World J Gàstroenterol ISSN 1007-9327CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation,published on the 7^(th),14^(th),21^(st) and 28^(th) of every month.Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reportsin esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, viral liverdiseases, etc., from all over the world are welcome on the condition thatthey have not been published previously and have not been submittedsimultaneously elsewhere.
文摘Plasma Science and Technology (PST) journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important, novel, helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field, in a timely manner. This field encompasses foundational plasma phenomena;low-temperature plasmas;magnetically confined plasmas;inertially confined plasmas;astrophysics and space plasmas;and interdisciplinary science of these;and the engineering and technology development and application from them.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG, ISSN 1007-9327 CN 14-1219/R) is a weekly journal of more than 48 000 circulation, published on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th of every month. Original Research, Clinical Trials, Reviews, Comments, and Case Reports in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer,
文摘Plasma Science and Technology(PST)journal assists in advancing plasma science and technology by reporting important,novel,helpful and thought-provoking progress in this strongly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field,in a timely manner.This tield encompasses foundational plasma phenomena;low-temperature plasmas;magnetically confined plasmas;inertially confined plasmas:astrophysics and space plasmas:and interdisciplinary science of these:and the engineering and technology development and application from them.
文摘Submission of Papers Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Vibration operates an online submission and peer review system that allows authors to submit articles online and track their progress via a web interface. Please visit http://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/eeev and navigate to the Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Vibration online submission site. By using the online form to submit your manuscript, you can minimize the delay until your work will be considered by the Editorial Offi ce and reviewed by the referees. Acceptance for publication is subject to the manuscript being an unpublished work presenting a signifi cant original contribution in earthquake engineering and/or engineering vibration. Submission of a manuscript is taken to imply that it is not being considered for publication elsewhere. The author is responsible for obtaining any necessary permission to publish from contracting agencies involved in the work or from holders of copyrights on material used in the paper.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION World Journal of Gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol, WJG, print ISSN 1007-9327, online ISSN 2219-2840, DOI: 10.3748) is a weekly, open-access (OA), peer-reviewed journal supported by an editorial board of 1352 experts in gastroenterology and hepatology from 64 countries. The biggest advantage of the OA model is that it provides free, full-text articles in PDF and other formats for experts
