As an emerging joint learning model,federated learning is a promising way to combine model parameters of different users for training and inference without collecting users’original data.However,a practical and effic...As an emerging joint learning model,federated learning is a promising way to combine model parameters of different users for training and inference without collecting users’original data.However,a practical and efficient solution has not been established in previous work due to the absence of efficient matrix computation and cryptography schemes in the privacy-preserving federated learning model,especially in partially homomorphic cryptosystems.In this paper,we propose a Practical and Efficient Privacy-preserving Federated Learning(PEPFL)framework.First,we present a lifted distributed ElGamal cryptosystem for federated learning,which can solve the multi-key problem in federated learning.Secondly,we develop a Practical Partially Single Instruction Multiple Data(PSIMD)parallelism scheme that can encode a plaintext matrix into single plaintext for encryption,improving the encryption efficiency and reducing the communication cost in partially homomorphic cryptosystem.In addition,based on the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and the designed cryptosystem,a novel privacy-preserving federated learning framework is designed by using Momentum Gradient Descent(MGD).Finally,we evaluate the security and performance of PEPFL.The experiment results demonstrate that the scheme is practicable,effective,and secure with low communication and computation costs.展开更多
Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on le...Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on learning outcomes,it is imperative that teachers establish positive emotional rapport with their students.This study explores how experienced and highly rated EMI lecturers at a Chinese university’s overseas campus use communication strategies to build rapport with their students during interactive academic activities.It identifies the strategies used by these lecturers and examines how the strategies facilitate the teaching-learning process.The data,consisting of 10 hours of tutorials and 10 hours of supervisor-student supervision meetings,is analyzed using an adapted Conversation Analysis(CA)approach.The analysis reveals three types of communication strategies(CSs)frequently used by lecturers:back-channeling,codeswitching,and co-creation of messages.By employing these strategies,the lecturers established a strong rapport with the students,which created an encouraging and supportive learning environment.Consequently,this positive atmosphere facilitated students’learning of content knowledge through English.The findings of this study have implications for the training of lecturers who encounter difficulties in establishing rapport with multilingual students in the EMI setting.展开更多
This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analy...This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analysis based on the subjective evaluation of the patient and the objective evaluation of eye movements. Seven female simulated patients and one male and one female pharmacist cooperated as patients and pharmacists, respectively. The medication teaching scenes were set up with three pharmacist placements (face-to-face at 50 cm and 70 cm, 90-degree at 70 cm) and three hospital rooms (0-degree, 45-degree, 90-degree). Pupil diameter, blink rate, saccades, and fixation rate of the patient at each of these locations were measured using a Tobii Pro Glass 2. The patient’s subjective evaluation at each placement was also investigated using the conversation scale, which assesses the optimal distance for conversation. The results for the pharmacy setting revealed that pupils were significantly more mydriatic at the 50 cm point than at the other points. The results for the hospital room setting showed the greatest mydriasis at the 0-degree point. The result of the 50 cm point for the pharmacy setting and the 0-degree point for the hospital room setting was similar to that of the subjective evaluation. When the likelihood of saccades occurrence in the hospital room setting was compared, saccades were found to be most likely to occur when medication instructions were given to patients at the 0-degree point. We believe that using pupil diameter for interpersonal distance, and saccades for angle will enable more accurate determinations of the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient. The results of the present study suggest that the 70 cm face-to-face point in the pharmacy and the 45-degree point in the ward may be suitable for medication instruction.展开更多
This study investigated the perceptions of English educators and supervisors in Jeddah Governorate regarding the process of teaching English to elementary students.A survey was conducted using a sample size of 94 educ...This study investigated the perceptions of English educators and supervisors in Jeddah Governorate regarding the process of teaching English to elementary students.A survey was conducted using a sample size of 94 educators and 10 supervisors.The data indicate that respondents considered English instruction at the elementary level essential for expanding kids’perspectives,improving academic performance,and promoting international involvement.The main advantages cited are the development of English language skills and the promotion of early education.Although not as easily noticeable,the disadvantages include potential negative impacts on an individual’s proficiency in Arabic and their sense of national identification.The highlighted challenges encompass insufficient teacher training,student reluctance towards English,limited resources,and school disparities.The proposed techniques focused on prioritizing English instructors’training,ensuring the use of appropriate content,utilizing technology,and promoting awareness of students and educators.The current research found different obstacles in teaching English at elementary stages.To overcome these obstacles,it will be essential to enhance teacher competencies,develop efficient teaching methods,get the backing of stakeholders,assign adequate resources,and carry out continuous evaluations.Further research can also contribute to a better understanding of how early English learning impacts on Arabic identity and proficiency.展开更多
With the rapid development of information technology,Artificial Intelligence(AI)is gradually applied to a wide range of fields,especially the powerful ability of ChatGPT to bring infinite possibilities for education,b...With the rapid development of information technology,Artificial Intelligence(AI)is gradually applied to a wide range of fields,especially the powerful ability of ChatGPT to bring infinite possibilities for education,but teachers’attitudes toward using it are not yet clear.The study investigates the use of ChatGPT by kindergarten teachers to support instructional design using questionnaires and interviews to explore the attitudes and perceptions of kindergarten teachers toward its use.The results indicate that kindergarten teachers hold positive preferences for technology acceptance,perceived self-efficacy,and learning attitudes toward using ChatGPT for instructional design.Meanwhile,the study argues that more research is needed in the future to focus on how kindergarten teachers can aptly use ChatGPT to improve the quality of instruction in realistic instructionenvironments.展开更多
The“Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition,2020 Revision)”clearly stated in“Teaching Suggestions”that“teaching activities based on the core literacy of mathematics should grasp the ess...The“Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition,2020 Revision)”clearly stated in“Teaching Suggestions”that“teaching activities based on the core literacy of mathematics should grasp the essence of mathematics,create appropriate teaching situations,put forward appropriate mathematical questions,stimulate students to think and communicate,and form and develop the core literacy of mathematics.”The task-driven teaching model is a new type of teaching method that takes tasks as the main line,teachers as the guide,and students as the main body,which can enable students to engage deeply in classroom discussions and think actively.Based on the characteristics and principles of the task-driven teaching method,this paper designs a high school mathematics classroom teaching based on the task-driven teaching method,hoping to provide a reference for the majority of front-line teachers.展开更多
The authors first propose the GAFEE(Goal-Oriented Engagement,Autonomous Exploration,Feedback-Enhanced Explanation,Challenge-Driven Elaboration,Collaborative Evaluation,Iterative Design,and Technological Synergy)instru...The authors first propose the GAFEE(Goal-Oriented Engagement,Autonomous Exploration,Feedback-Enhanced Explanation,Challenge-Driven Elaboration,Collaborative Evaluation,Iterative Design,and Technological Synergy)instructional design model,which is based on the integration of gamified teaching and the 5E teaching model.It aims to address the issue of gamification not being systematically incorporated into the curriculum,while also enhancing engagement in the educational setting,stimulating interest in learning,and achieving better learning outcomes.The theoretical application of the GAFEE model is demonstrated through a hypothetical case involving a fourth-grade English class,highlighting its potential to improve students'vocabulary acquisition,grammar comprehension,and speaking proficiency.The study argues that the GAFEE model offers a novel approach to enhancing instructional practices by leveraging gamification strategies.It also emphasizes the need for empirical research to validate the model's effectiveness and broader applicability in gamified educational settings.展开更多
Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opport...Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opportunities for students’classroom performance as well as lack of formative evaluation of students.In order to solve the phenomenon,this paper analyzes and explains how to promote teaching based on the Teaching for Robust Understanding(TRU)evaluation framework with the goal of focusing on the development of all students,taking the teaching design of The Cosine Theorem as an example,and provides ideas and methods for first-line high school mathematics teachers.展开更多
This study,drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction,outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction,in...This study,drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction,outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction,including auxiliary use of generative artificial intelligence tools,primary focus on humanistic education,and the re-production of knowledge,aiming to foster students’critical thinking,collaborative skills,and creativity.Building on this foundation,the study delves into generative artificial intelligence tools applicable to different stages of process-genre writing and their strategic applications.The use of generative artificial intelligence tools is beneficial for students to present,discuss,and share writing content,encouraging them to enhance their writing,collaboration,critical thinking,and creative abilities through deep interaction with model essays and creative discourses.展开更多
The teaching ability competition is a vital method for stimulating teachers’enthusiasm and enhancing their teaching skills.This approach has gained increasing attention from colleges and universities in recent years....The teaching ability competition is a vital method for stimulating teachers’enthusiasm and enhancing their teaching skills.This approach has gained increasing attention from colleges and universities in recent years.The competition focuses on evaluating teachers’capabilities in designing and implementing lessons,encouraging the exchange of new educational ideas and high-quality teaching methods.Reforming the teaching of Electrical and Electronic Technology courses based on insights from teaching competitions can significantly improve teaching quality.This paper explores the teaching design and implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology course,drawing on the principles of teaching ability competitions.First,it analyzes the existing problems in teaching this course.Then,it highlights the significant benefits that teaching competitions bring to the course.Based on these insights,the paper proposes practical strategies aimed at enhancing students’interest and practical skills,thereby promoting innovative developments in teaching Electrical and Electronic Technology.展开更多
English reading holds a pivotal position in junior high school English teaching,constituting an integral component of the entire educational process.Nowadays,it is imperative for English teachers to transcend the conv...English reading holds a pivotal position in junior high school English teaching,constituting an integral component of the entire educational process.Nowadays,it is imperative for English teachers to transcend the conventional,superficial reading instruction models and adopt a deep learning framework to fashion a profound reading classroom for students.This approach allows students to engage in inductive integration,application evaluation,and internalization and transfer,enabling them to delve into seemingly intricate and challenging texts,exploring them from multiple dimensions,including content,structure,and cultural implications.Ultimately,this fosters the development of students'comprehensive reading abilities and English core literacy.This paper,drawing from the perspective of deep learning and incorporating specific case studies,aims to devise a junior high school English reading instruction design that is both academically rigorous and emotionally engaging,with a focus on enhancing students'English core literacy and overall reading proficiency.展开更多
As the essence of traditional Chinese educational thought,heuristic teaching has gradually enriched and devel-oped its ideas through the continuous efforts of educational researchers of the past dynasties.In front-lin...As the essence of traditional Chinese educational thought,heuristic teaching has gradually enriched and devel-oped its ideas through the continuous efforts of educational researchers of the past dynasties.In front-line teach-ing,heuristic teaching,as a teaching principle that can help teachers and students to interact and learn,undoubtedly plays an important role in students’acquisition of knowledge and scientific thinking activities.But teachers’understanding of heuristic teaching is not the same.In actual teaching,there are obvious gaps in language ability among different teachers.This research aims to enrich the heuristic teaching theory based on the perspective of psychology,and provide a certain theoretical basis for teacher training.Through the research and analysis of the generation path of the heuristic teaching language,this paper helps more teachers realize the advantages of the heuristic teaching language,improve their own heuristic teaching language level,and provide reference for the scientific teaching evaluation standard.We apply the heuristic instruction language approach proposed in this study and apply it to real classrooms.In the application,it can be clearly found that the students’thinking and participation have been strengthened,and the teaching effect has been significantly improved com-pared with the past,which indicates that the heuristic teaching language generation path in this study has certain practical application value.展开更多
BACKGROUND:To evaluate whether a simplified self-instruction card can help potential rescue providers use automated external defibrillators(AEDs)more accurately and quickly.METHODS:From June 1,2018,to November 30,2019...BACKGROUND:To evaluate whether a simplified self-instruction card can help potential rescue providers use automated external defibrillators(AEDs)more accurately and quickly.METHODS:From June 1,2018,to November 30,2019,a prospective longitudinal randomized controlled simulation study was conducted among 165 laypeople(18–65 years old)without prior AED training.A self-instruction card was designed to illuminate key AED operation procedures.Subjects were randomly divided into the card(n=83)and control(n=82)groups with age stratification.They were then individually evaluated in the same simulated scenario to use AED with(card group)or without the self-instruction card(control group)at baseline,posttraining,and at the 3-month follow-up.RESULTS:At baseline,the card group reached a significantly higher proportion of successful defibrillation(31.1%vs.15.9%,P=0.03),fully baring the chest(88.9%vs.63.4%,P<0.001),correct electrode placement(32.5%vs.17.1%,P=0.03),and resuming cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)(72.3%vs.9.8%,P<0.001).At post-training and follow-up,there were no significant differences in key behaviors,except for resuming CPR.Time to shock and time to resume CPR were shorter in the card group,while time to power-on AED was not different in each phase of tests.In the 55–65 years group,the card group achieved more skill improvements over the control group compared to the other age groups.CONCLUSION:The self-instruction card could serve as a direction for first-time AED users and as a reminder for trained subjects.This could be a practical,cost-effective way to improve the AED skills of potential rescue providers among different age groups,including seniors.展开更多
A Taylor series expansion(TSE) based design for minimum mean-square error(MMSE) and QR decomposition(QRD) of multi-input and multi-output(MIMO) systems is proposed based on application specific instruction set process...A Taylor series expansion(TSE) based design for minimum mean-square error(MMSE) and QR decomposition(QRD) of multi-input and multi-output(MIMO) systems is proposed based on application specific instruction set processor(ASIP), which uses TSE algorithm instead of resource-consuming reciprocal and reciprocal square root(RSR) operations.The aim is to give a high performance implementation for MMSE and QRD in one programmable platform simultaneously.Furthermore, instruction set architecture(ISA) and the allocation of data paths in single instruction multiple data-very long instruction word(SIMD-VLIW) architecture are provided, offering more data parallelism and instruction parallelism for different dimension matrices and operation types.Meanwhile, multiple level numerical precision can be achieved with flexible table size and expansion order in TSE ISA.The ASIP has been implemented to a 28 nm CMOS process and frequency reaches 800 MHz.Experimental results show that the proposed design provides perfect numerical precision within the fixed bit-width of the ASIP, higher matrix processing rate better than the requirements of 5G system and more rate-area efficiency comparable with ASIC implementations.展开更多
The unreasonable observation arrangements in the satellite operation control center(SOCC)may result in the observation data cannot be downloaded as scheduled.Meanwhile,if the operation instructions released by the sat...The unreasonable observation arrangements in the satellite operation control center(SOCC)may result in the observation data cannot be downloaded as scheduled.Meanwhile,if the operation instructions released by the satellite telemetry tracking center(STTC)for the on-board payloads are not injected on the specific satellites in time,the corresponding satellites cannot perform the observation operations as planned.Therefore,there is an urgent need to design an integrated instruction release,and observation task planning(I-IRO-TP)scheme by efficiently collaborating the SOCC and STTC.Motivated by this fact,we design an interaction mechanism between the SOCC and the STTC,where we first formulate the I-IRO-TP problem as a constraint satisfaction problem aiming at maximizing the number of completed tasks.Furthermore,we propose an interactive imaging task planning algorithm based on the analysis of resource distribution in the STTC during the previous planning periods to preferentially select the observation arcs that not only satisfy the requirements in the observation resource allocation phase but also facilitate the arrangement of measurement and control instruction release.We conduct extensive simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of the number of completed tasks.展开更多
This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of explicit vocabulary instruction on productive vocabulary learning in writing among intermediate school learners in Saudi Arabia,verify the existence of any statistical...This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of explicit vocabulary instruction on productive vocabulary learning in writing among intermediate school learners in Saudi Arabia,verify the existence of any statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the post-test of the control group and the experimental group in the vocabulary test,and verify the existence of any statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the pre-and post-test of the experimental group in the vocabulary test in favor of the post-test.The study community consisted of all intermediate school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,while the study sample included 30 students.The experimental method was adopted to identify the effectiveness of explicit vocabulary instruction on productive vocabulary learning in writing and the achievement test was used as the study tool.The study reached many results including there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the post-test of the control group and the experimental group in the vocabulary test and there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the pre-and post-test of the experimental group in the vocabulary test in favor of the post-test.According to these results,some recommendations and proposals were made including training English teachers at the intermediate school level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,on explicit vocabulary instruction and conducting future researches on the trends of English teachers at the intermediate school level,in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,regarding the adoption of explicit vocabulary instruction while teaching the English language.展开更多
Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests...Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests quickly and accurately. Simple and clear instructions are recommended for pain assessment. However, few studies have provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Correspondingly, this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of specific verbal instructions for pain location during five consecutive Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) tests. The 28 asymptomatic participants (age 27.4 ± 9.6 years) who provided informed consent received five consecutive PSLR tests: three without and two with specific verbal instructions to ascertain pain intensity, quality, and location. The participants drew pain locations on a body chart and described the pain intensity and quality after each test. All participants were interviewed regarding the differences they noted in the presence and absence of specific verbal instructions. Each pain location was classified into one of ten areas for statistical analysis. The proportion of participants who changed the pain location was compared between the tests using McNemar’s test, and the kappa coefficient was confirmed for consistency of pain location. There was a significant difference in the proportion of participants who changed their pain location between the second and third tests and from the third to the fourth test (McNemar’s test: p = 0.003). Kappa coefficients had low consistency (κ = 0.28) just after receiving the specific verbal instructions in the fourth test compared to the third test. Consistency improved in the fifth test (κ = 0.57);93% of the participants answered that the pain location had become clearer. This study revealed the effects of specific verbal instructions in identifying pain locations. This detailed information may help PTs provide appropriate treatment and contribute to reducing pain in clinical settings.展开更多
This article mainly elaborates on the design and application of experimental teaching in the teaching of consumer behavior.To study consumer behavior,it is necessary to understand their information collection activiti...This article mainly elaborates on the design and application of experimental teaching in the teaching of consumer behavior.To study consumer behavior,it is necessary to understand their information collection activities before acquiring goods and services,as well as the evaluation and selection of goods,services,or brands.It is also important to pay attention to how they handle products and activities based on their satisfaction after purchasing products or services.In addition,through inquiry experiments,the learning effects of students can be improved,thereby highlighting the significance of inquiry experiments.展开更多
In the context of the internationalization of higher education,many non-English speaking countries,from Europe to Asia,are promoting English as a medium of instruction(EMI).The EMI in South Korea started earlier and d...In the context of the internationalization of higher education,many non-English speaking countries,from Europe to Asia,are promoting English as a medium of instruction(EMI).The EMI in South Korea started earlier and developed rapidly under the promotion.From the initial“Study Abroad in Korea Plan”to the World Class University(WCU)and Brain Korea 21st century(BK21)PLUS programs,with the support and guidance of the government,South Korea’s higher education has made significant progress,with the global top 100 universities in QS increasing from 1 to 6 in South Korea.展开更多
With the deepening of educational reform,interdisciplinary thematic learning,as an emerging educational model,has become a focus of attention in the field of educational research.Based on the STEM(science,technology,e...With the deepening of educational reform,interdisciplinary thematic learning,as an emerging educational model,has become a focus of attention in the field of educational research.Based on the STEM(science,technology,engineering,and mathematics)education concept and CASES-T(Content,Activity,Situation,Evaluation,Strategy-Target)model,this study provides a theoretical basis for the teaching design and implementation of interdisciplinary thematic learning in middle school physical education.Through the analysis of specific interdisciplinary thematic learning cases,it aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the reform of middle school physical education through the CASES-T model-based interdisciplinary thematic teaching design research in middle school physical education,in order to enhance students’learning effects,cultivate core literacy in physical education,and promote students’all-round development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U19B2021the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi under Grant No.2020ZDLGY08-04+1 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of He’nan Province under Grant No.212102210084the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province.
文摘As an emerging joint learning model,federated learning is a promising way to combine model parameters of different users for training and inference without collecting users’original data.However,a practical and efficient solution has not been established in previous work due to the absence of efficient matrix computation and cryptography schemes in the privacy-preserving federated learning model,especially in partially homomorphic cryptosystems.In this paper,we propose a Practical and Efficient Privacy-preserving Federated Learning(PEPFL)framework.First,we present a lifted distributed ElGamal cryptosystem for federated learning,which can solve the multi-key problem in federated learning.Secondly,we develop a Practical Partially Single Instruction Multiple Data(PSIMD)parallelism scheme that can encode a plaintext matrix into single plaintext for encryption,improving the encryption efficiency and reducing the communication cost in partially homomorphic cryptosystem.In addition,based on the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and the designed cryptosystem,a novel privacy-preserving federated learning framework is designed by using Momentum Gradient Descent(MGD).Finally,we evaluate the security and performance of PEPFL.The experiment results demonstrate that the scheme is practicable,effective,and secure with low communication and computation costs.
文摘Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on learning outcomes,it is imperative that teachers establish positive emotional rapport with their students.This study explores how experienced and highly rated EMI lecturers at a Chinese university’s overseas campus use communication strategies to build rapport with their students during interactive academic activities.It identifies the strategies used by these lecturers and examines how the strategies facilitate the teaching-learning process.The data,consisting of 10 hours of tutorials and 10 hours of supervisor-student supervision meetings,is analyzed using an adapted Conversation Analysis(CA)approach.The analysis reveals three types of communication strategies(CSs)frequently used by lecturers:back-channeling,codeswitching,and co-creation of messages.By employing these strategies,the lecturers established a strong rapport with the students,which created an encouraging and supportive learning environment.Consequently,this positive atmosphere facilitated students’learning of content knowledge through English.The findings of this study have implications for the training of lecturers who encounter difficulties in establishing rapport with multilingual students in the EMI setting.
文摘This study focuses on seating arrangement and interpersonal distance as important aspects of nonverbal communication and aims to elucidate the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient through an analysis based on the subjective evaluation of the patient and the objective evaluation of eye movements. Seven female simulated patients and one male and one female pharmacist cooperated as patients and pharmacists, respectively. The medication teaching scenes were set up with three pharmacist placements (face-to-face at 50 cm and 70 cm, 90-degree at 70 cm) and three hospital rooms (0-degree, 45-degree, 90-degree). Pupil diameter, blink rate, saccades, and fixation rate of the patient at each of these locations were measured using a Tobii Pro Glass 2. The patient’s subjective evaluation at each placement was also investigated using the conversation scale, which assesses the optimal distance for conversation. The results for the pharmacy setting revealed that pupils were significantly more mydriatic at the 50 cm point than at the other points. The results for the hospital room setting showed the greatest mydriasis at the 0-degree point. The result of the 50 cm point for the pharmacy setting and the 0-degree point for the hospital room setting was similar to that of the subjective evaluation. When the likelihood of saccades occurrence in the hospital room setting was compared, saccades were found to be most likely to occur when medication instructions were given to patients at the 0-degree point. We believe that using pupil diameter for interpersonal distance, and saccades for angle will enable more accurate determinations of the optimal distance and angle between pharmacist and patient. The results of the present study suggest that the 70 cm face-to-face point in the pharmacy and the 45-degree point in the ward may be suitable for medication instruction.
文摘This study investigated the perceptions of English educators and supervisors in Jeddah Governorate regarding the process of teaching English to elementary students.A survey was conducted using a sample size of 94 educators and 10 supervisors.The data indicate that respondents considered English instruction at the elementary level essential for expanding kids’perspectives,improving academic performance,and promoting international involvement.The main advantages cited are the development of English language skills and the promotion of early education.Although not as easily noticeable,the disadvantages include potential negative impacts on an individual’s proficiency in Arabic and their sense of national identification.The highlighted challenges encompass insufficient teacher training,student reluctance towards English,limited resources,and school disparities.The proposed techniques focused on prioritizing English instructors’training,ensuring the use of appropriate content,utilizing technology,and promoting awareness of students and educators.The current research found different obstacles in teaching English at elementary stages.To overcome these obstacles,it will be essential to enhance teacher competencies,develop efficient teaching methods,get the backing of stakeholders,assign adequate resources,and carry out continuous evaluations.Further research can also contribute to a better understanding of how early English learning impacts on Arabic identity and proficiency.
基金supported by Major Cultivating Projects of Leading Talents in Philosophy and Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province“Aiming for Common Prosperity:Improvement and Evaluation of Professional Competence of Teachers of Early Childhood Institutions Driven by Multimodal Data Fusion”(23YJRC13ZD-3YB).
文摘With the rapid development of information technology,Artificial Intelligence(AI)is gradually applied to a wide range of fields,especially the powerful ability of ChatGPT to bring infinite possibilities for education,but teachers’attitudes toward using it are not yet clear.The study investigates the use of ChatGPT by kindergarten teachers to support instructional design using questionnaires and interviews to explore the attitudes and perceptions of kindergarten teachers toward its use.The results indicate that kindergarten teachers hold positive preferences for technology acceptance,perceived self-efficacy,and learning attitudes toward using ChatGPT for instructional design.Meanwhile,the study argues that more research is needed in the future to focus on how kindergarten teachers can aptly use ChatGPT to improve the quality of instruction in realistic instructionenvironments.
文摘The“Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition,2020 Revision)”clearly stated in“Teaching Suggestions”that“teaching activities based on the core literacy of mathematics should grasp the essence of mathematics,create appropriate teaching situations,put forward appropriate mathematical questions,stimulate students to think and communicate,and form and develop the core literacy of mathematics.”The task-driven teaching model is a new type of teaching method that takes tasks as the main line,teachers as the guide,and students as the main body,which can enable students to engage deeply in classroom discussions and think actively.Based on the characteristics and principles of the task-driven teaching method,this paper designs a high school mathematics classroom teaching based on the task-driven teaching method,hoping to provide a reference for the majority of front-line teachers.
基金The research was funded by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)under Grant(No.0071/2023/RIB3&No.0003-2024-AGJ)by the Macao Foundation under Grant(No.MF2342).
文摘The authors first propose the GAFEE(Goal-Oriented Engagement,Autonomous Exploration,Feedback-Enhanced Explanation,Challenge-Driven Elaboration,Collaborative Evaluation,Iterative Design,and Technological Synergy)instructional design model,which is based on the integration of gamified teaching and the 5E teaching model.It aims to address the issue of gamification not being systematically incorporated into the curriculum,while also enhancing engagement in the educational setting,stimulating interest in learning,and achieving better learning outcomes.The theoretical application of the GAFEE model is demonstrated through a hypothetical case involving a fourth-grade English class,highlighting its potential to improve students'vocabulary acquisition,grammar comprehension,and speaking proficiency.The study argues that the GAFEE model offers a novel approach to enhancing instructional practices by leveraging gamification strategies.It also emphasizes the need for empirical research to validate the model's effectiveness and broader applicability in gamified educational settings.
基金Henan Province 2022 Teacher Education Curriculum Reform Research Project:Research on Improving the Teaching Practice Ability of Mathematics Normal University Students under the OBE Concept(Project number:2022-JSJYZD-009)A Study on the Measurement and Development of Mathematics Core Literacy for Secondary School Students,Doctoral Research Initiation Fee of Henan Normal University(Project number:20230234)Henan Normal University Graduate Quality Course Program,Mathematical Planning I(Project number:YJS2022KC02)。
文摘Teachers’teaching behavior plays a crucial role in students’development,and there are problems in the current teaching behavior of mathematics teachers such as ignoring students’cognitive needs,lack of equal opportunities for students’classroom performance as well as lack of formative evaluation of students.In order to solve the phenomenon,this paper analyzes and explains how to promote teaching based on the Teaching for Robust Understanding(TRU)evaluation framework with the goal of focusing on the development of all students,taking the teaching design of The Cosine Theorem as an example,and provides ideas and methods for first-line high school mathematics teachers.
文摘This study,drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction,outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction,including auxiliary use of generative artificial intelligence tools,primary focus on humanistic education,and the re-production of knowledge,aiming to foster students’critical thinking,collaborative skills,and creativity.Building on this foundation,the study delves into generative artificial intelligence tools applicable to different stages of process-genre writing and their strategic applications.The use of generative artificial intelligence tools is beneficial for students to present,discuss,and share writing content,encouraging them to enhance their writing,collaboration,critical thinking,and creative abilities through deep interaction with model essays and creative discourses.
文摘The teaching ability competition is a vital method for stimulating teachers’enthusiasm and enhancing their teaching skills.This approach has gained increasing attention from colleges and universities in recent years.The competition focuses on evaluating teachers’capabilities in designing and implementing lessons,encouraging the exchange of new educational ideas and high-quality teaching methods.Reforming the teaching of Electrical and Electronic Technology courses based on insights from teaching competitions can significantly improve teaching quality.This paper explores the teaching design and implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology course,drawing on the principles of teaching ability competitions.First,it analyzes the existing problems in teaching this course.Then,it highlights the significant benefits that teaching competitions bring to the course.Based on these insights,the paper proposes practical strategies aimed at enhancing students’interest and practical skills,thereby promoting innovative developments in teaching Electrical and Electronic Technology.
文摘English reading holds a pivotal position in junior high school English teaching,constituting an integral component of the entire educational process.Nowadays,it is imperative for English teachers to transcend the conventional,superficial reading instruction models and adopt a deep learning framework to fashion a profound reading classroom for students.This approach allows students to engage in inductive integration,application evaluation,and internalization and transfer,enabling them to delve into seemingly intricate and challenging texts,exploring them from multiple dimensions,including content,structure,and cultural implications.Ultimately,this fosters the development of students'comprehensive reading abilities and English core literacy.This paper,drawing from the perspective of deep learning and incorporating specific case studies,aims to devise a junior high school English reading instruction design that is both academically rigorous and emotionally engaging,with a focus on enhancing students'English core literacy and overall reading proficiency.
基金General Projects of the National Social Science Fund(Funding No.17BYY134).
文摘As the essence of traditional Chinese educational thought,heuristic teaching has gradually enriched and devel-oped its ideas through the continuous efforts of educational researchers of the past dynasties.In front-line teach-ing,heuristic teaching,as a teaching principle that can help teachers and students to interact and learn,undoubtedly plays an important role in students’acquisition of knowledge and scientific thinking activities.But teachers’understanding of heuristic teaching is not the same.In actual teaching,there are obvious gaps in language ability among different teachers.This research aims to enrich the heuristic teaching theory based on the perspective of psychology,and provide a certain theoretical basis for teacher training.Through the research and analysis of the generation path of the heuristic teaching language,this paper helps more teachers realize the advantages of the heuristic teaching language,improve their own heuristic teaching language level,and provide reference for the scientific teaching evaluation standard.We apply the heuristic instruction language approach proposed in this study and apply it to real classrooms.In the application,it can be clearly found that the students’thinking and participation have been strengthened,and the teaching effect has been significantly improved com-pared with the past,which indicates that the heuristic teaching language generation path in this study has certain practical application value.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72074144)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201911005)+1 种基金Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai(No.SHSMU-ZDCX20212801)Laerdal Foundation(No.2022-0133).
文摘BACKGROUND:To evaluate whether a simplified self-instruction card can help potential rescue providers use automated external defibrillators(AEDs)more accurately and quickly.METHODS:From June 1,2018,to November 30,2019,a prospective longitudinal randomized controlled simulation study was conducted among 165 laypeople(18–65 years old)without prior AED training.A self-instruction card was designed to illuminate key AED operation procedures.Subjects were randomly divided into the card(n=83)and control(n=82)groups with age stratification.They were then individually evaluated in the same simulated scenario to use AED with(card group)or without the self-instruction card(control group)at baseline,posttraining,and at the 3-month follow-up.RESULTS:At baseline,the card group reached a significantly higher proportion of successful defibrillation(31.1%vs.15.9%,P=0.03),fully baring the chest(88.9%vs.63.4%,P<0.001),correct electrode placement(32.5%vs.17.1%,P=0.03),and resuming cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)(72.3%vs.9.8%,P<0.001).At post-training and follow-up,there were no significant differences in key behaviors,except for resuming CPR.Time to shock and time to resume CPR were shorter in the card group,while time to power-on AED was not different in each phase of tests.In the 55–65 years group,the card group achieved more skill improvements over the control group compared to the other age groups.CONCLUSION:The self-instruction card could serve as a direction for first-time AED users and as a reminder for trained subjects.This could be a practical,cost-effective way to improve the AED skills of potential rescue providers among different age groups,including seniors.
基金Supported by the Industrial Internet Innovation and Development Project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (No.GHBJ2004)。
文摘A Taylor series expansion(TSE) based design for minimum mean-square error(MMSE) and QR decomposition(QRD) of multi-input and multi-output(MIMO) systems is proposed based on application specific instruction set processor(ASIP), which uses TSE algorithm instead of resource-consuming reciprocal and reciprocal square root(RSR) operations.The aim is to give a high performance implementation for MMSE and QRD in one programmable platform simultaneously.Furthermore, instruction set architecture(ISA) and the allocation of data paths in single instruction multiple data-very long instruction word(SIMD-VLIW) architecture are provided, offering more data parallelism and instruction parallelism for different dimension matrices and operation types.Meanwhile, multiple level numerical precision can be achieved with flexible table size and expansion order in TSE ISA.The ASIP has been implemented to a 28 nm CMOS process and frequency reaches 800 MHz.Experimental results show that the proposed design provides perfect numerical precision within the fixed bit-width of the ASIP, higher matrix processing rate better than the requirements of 5G system and more rate-area efficiency comparable with ASIC implementations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants U19B2025,62121001,and 62001347in part by Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(ProgramNo.2022ZDLGY05-02)in part by Young Talent Support Program of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(No.095920221337).
文摘The unreasonable observation arrangements in the satellite operation control center(SOCC)may result in the observation data cannot be downloaded as scheduled.Meanwhile,if the operation instructions released by the satellite telemetry tracking center(STTC)for the on-board payloads are not injected on the specific satellites in time,the corresponding satellites cannot perform the observation operations as planned.Therefore,there is an urgent need to design an integrated instruction release,and observation task planning(I-IRO-TP)scheme by efficiently collaborating the SOCC and STTC.Motivated by this fact,we design an interaction mechanism between the SOCC and the STTC,where we first formulate the I-IRO-TP problem as a constraint satisfaction problem aiming at maximizing the number of completed tasks.Furthermore,we propose an interactive imaging task planning algorithm based on the analysis of resource distribution in the STTC during the previous planning periods to preferentially select the observation arcs that not only satisfy the requirements in the observation resource allocation phase but also facilitate the arrangement of measurement and control instruction release.We conduct extensive simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of the number of completed tasks.
文摘This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of explicit vocabulary instruction on productive vocabulary learning in writing among intermediate school learners in Saudi Arabia,verify the existence of any statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the post-test of the control group and the experimental group in the vocabulary test,and verify the existence of any statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the pre-and post-test of the experimental group in the vocabulary test in favor of the post-test.The study community consisted of all intermediate school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,while the study sample included 30 students.The experimental method was adopted to identify the effectiveness of explicit vocabulary instruction on productive vocabulary learning in writing and the achievement test was used as the study tool.The study reached many results including there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the post-test of the control group and the experimental group in the vocabulary test and there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the pre-and post-test of the experimental group in the vocabulary test in favor of the post-test.According to these results,some recommendations and proposals were made including training English teachers at the intermediate school level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,on explicit vocabulary instruction and conducting future researches on the trends of English teachers at the intermediate school level,in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,regarding the adoption of explicit vocabulary instruction while teaching the English language.
文摘Musculoskeletal pain is common. Because pain is subjective, objectively describing it is crucial. However, pain assessment may cause distress in patients;therefore, physical therapists (PTs) should conduct these tests quickly and accurately. Simple and clear instructions are recommended for pain assessment. However, few studies have provided evidence to support this hypothesis. Correspondingly, this study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of specific verbal instructions for pain location during five consecutive Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) tests. The 28 asymptomatic participants (age 27.4 ± 9.6 years) who provided informed consent received five consecutive PSLR tests: three without and two with specific verbal instructions to ascertain pain intensity, quality, and location. The participants drew pain locations on a body chart and described the pain intensity and quality after each test. All participants were interviewed regarding the differences they noted in the presence and absence of specific verbal instructions. Each pain location was classified into one of ten areas for statistical analysis. The proportion of participants who changed the pain location was compared between the tests using McNemar’s test, and the kappa coefficient was confirmed for consistency of pain location. There was a significant difference in the proportion of participants who changed their pain location between the second and third tests and from the third to the fourth test (McNemar’s test: p = 0.003). Kappa coefficients had low consistency (κ = 0.28) just after receiving the specific verbal instructions in the fourth test compared to the third test. Consistency improved in the fifth test (κ = 0.57);93% of the participants answered that the pain location had become clearer. This study revealed the effects of specific verbal instructions in identifying pain locations. This detailed information may help PTs provide appropriate treatment and contribute to reducing pain in clinical settings.
文摘This article mainly elaborates on the design and application of experimental teaching in the teaching of consumer behavior.To study consumer behavior,it is necessary to understand their information collection activities before acquiring goods and services,as well as the evaluation and selection of goods,services,or brands.It is also important to pay attention to how they handle products and activities based on their satisfaction after purchasing products or services.In addition,through inquiry experiments,the learning effects of students can be improved,thereby highlighting the significance of inquiry experiments.
基金Shandong University of Science and Technology Education and Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project“Research on Mixed Mode of Online Course+English Medium Instruction”(JNJG202101)。
文摘In the context of the internationalization of higher education,many non-English speaking countries,from Europe to Asia,are promoting English as a medium of instruction(EMI).The EMI in South Korea started earlier and developed rapidly under the promotion.From the initial“Study Abroad in Korea Plan”to the World Class University(WCU)and Brain Korea 21st century(BK21)PLUS programs,with the support and guidance of the government,South Korea’s higher education has made significant progress,with the global top 100 universities in QS increasing from 1 to 6 in South Korea.
文摘With the deepening of educational reform,interdisciplinary thematic learning,as an emerging educational model,has become a focus of attention in the field of educational research.Based on the STEM(science,technology,engineering,and mathematics)education concept and CASES-T(Content,Activity,Situation,Evaluation,Strategy-Target)model,this study provides a theoretical basis for the teaching design and implementation of interdisciplinary thematic learning in middle school physical education.Through the analysis of specific interdisciplinary thematic learning cases,it aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the reform of middle school physical education through the CASES-T model-based interdisciplinary thematic teaching design research in middle school physical education,in order to enhance students’learning effects,cultivate core literacy in physical education,and promote students’all-round development.
