Background:In traditional Chinese medicine,You-Gui-Wan(YGW)is typically used to treat osteoporosis associated with kidney-yang deficiency.However,there have been few mechanistic studies on the effectiveness of kidney-...Background:In traditional Chinese medicine,You-Gui-Wan(YGW)is typically used to treat osteoporosis associated with kidney-yang deficiency.However,there have been few mechanistic studies on the effectiveness of kidney-yang deficiency-type osteoporosis with YGW.To further clarify the role of YGW in the effect of osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency,the study analyzed the therapeutic advantages of YGW by comparing the therapeutic effects of YGW and alendronate(ALN)on osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency.Methods:SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into control,osteoporosis,osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency,osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency+YGW and osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency+ALN groups.Except for the control group,osteoporosis was induced by the removal of bilateral ovaries.After 12 weeks,rats with osteoporosis in the kidney-yang deficiency group had kidney-yang deficiency syndrome triggered by hydrocortisone for 14 days.Rats were treated with YGW or ALN for 12 weeks.The weights of rats were recorded.Hematoxylin-eosin staining staining was used to observe pathological changes in bone trabeculae,liver,spleen,and kidneys of rats.Depletion of the growth plate cartilage of rats in different groups was observed by safranine-O staining.The expression of osteoclast key indices(ACP)and osteoblast key indices(ALP)in the bone tissue of rats in the different groups was observed by immunohistochemical staining.The expression of bone resorption-related indicators(TRAP and NXT-1),bone formation-related indicators(BALP,BGP,and P1NP),and major indicators of kidney-yang deficiency(ACTH,T3,T4,cAMP,and cGMP)were observed using an ELISA detection kit.The expression levels of the main indices of liver function(ALT and AST)were detected in different groups.Results:The differences between the osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency group and osteoporosis group were that the weight of rats and the expression of ACTH,T3,T4,and cAMP decreased significantly,and the expression of cGMP increased in the osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency group.Moreover,both YGW and ALN effectively improved the symptoms of osteoporosis,including the injury of bone trabeculae and growth plates,as well as the expression of bone metabolism-related indicators.However,unlike ALN,YGW simultaneously ameliorated the expression of key indicators of kidney-yang deficiency and prevented weight loss in rats.In addition,YGW caused no obvious damage to the liver,spleen,or kidney,whereas ALN led to liver cirrhosis.Conclusion:The results reveal that YGW plays a crucial part in osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency,increases bone mineral density,and improves bone metabolism indicators,and is safe and efficient for the efficacy of osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency.YGW might have a better therapeutic effect on osteoporosis in patients with kidney-yang deficiency.Therefore,alendronate should be used cautiously in patients with osteoporosis and poor liver function.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> The role of vitamin D in population subgroups throughout the world continues to be a topic of interest among researchers. Current evidence demonstrates that treating vitamin D ...<strong>Background:</strong> The role of vitamin D in population subgroups throughout the world continues to be a topic of interest among researchers. Current evidence demonstrates that treating vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in improving mortality in hospitalized patients, reducing hospital length of stay, and boosting innate immune system. Vitamin D levels vary with age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and geographical area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate vitamin D levels in a cohort of patients in Northeast Tennessee. <strong>Study: </strong>This institutional review board-approved, retrospective study evaluated vitamin D levels of patients obtained from Mcleod Cancer and Blood Center. Vitamin D levels were collected over a 2-year period and classified as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20 - 30 ng/mL), or replete (>30 ng/mL). Data were then stratified based on patient characteristics (age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, seasons, and place of residence) and compounds of vitamin D (D2 and D3).<strong> Results:</strong> There were 2011 individuals included, with only 44.3% having replete levels and 21.4% with levels less than 20 ng/mL. Females with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have levels below 20 ng/ml compared to males (18.6% vs. 23%, respectively, p = 0.003). Regarding BMI, the highest levels were reported in normal weight and overweight. With regards to age, advanced age (≥70) was associated with the highest levels and most replete patients. Winter months were associated with the lowest levels of vitamin D. Higher vitamin D levels were found in individuals over 70 years, normal weight and overweight category. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Testing vitamin D levels in high-risk groups becomes of utmost importance in areas with longer winter months, obese and underweight patients. Vitamin D levels should be routinely tested and treated in vulnerable populations.展开更多
using a WZD—1 microcirculation microscope,we observed the tongue tipand nail-bed microcirculation of uremic patients with deficiency of kidney-yangbefore and after blood dialysis.The results showed that the pathologi...using a WZD—1 microcirculation microscope,we observed the tongue tipand nail-bed microcirculation of uremic patients with deficiency of kidney-yangbefore and after blood dialysis.The results showed that the pathological basis ofuremia with deficiency of kidney-yang may be microcirculation disturbance,in-crease of metabolites and water retention.The effusion from capillary loops intongue tip may be one of the pathogenetic factors of a swollen and jaggedtongue.The flow rate of blood in capillary loops in the nail-bed was apparentlyabnormal and markedly improved after blood dialysis.The weighted integral ofnail-bed microcirculation decreased from moderately abnormal (4.99±1.52) toapproximately normal (1.98±0.97) (P【0.01).Microcirculation seems to be a sensi-tive criterion for reflecting the pathologic changes of uremia with deficiency ofkidney-yang.展开更多
Intermittent exotropia with convergence insufficiency is defined as a greater exodeviation measured at near than at distance of at least 10 prism diopters and it is harmful to binocular vision at earlier time. This pa...Intermittent exotropia with convergence insufficiency is defined as a greater exodeviation measured at near than at distance of at least 10 prism diopters and it is harmful to binocular vision at earlier time. This paper mainly introduces three operation patterns including lateral rectus recession(s) with or without a slanting procedure, unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection, and medial rectus resection(s) with or without a slanting procedure.展开更多
目的:探究温肾汤治疗慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证的效果及其对肾脏纤维化的影响。方法:选择符合纳入标准的慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证患者96例,依据随机数字表随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上口服温...目的:探究温肾汤治疗慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证的效果及其对肾脏纤维化的影响。方法:选择符合纳入标准的慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证患者96例,依据随机数字表随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上口服温肾汤治疗,2周为1个疗程,两组均治疗2个疗程。比较治疗前后两组患者中医症状评分(畏寒肢冷、面浮肢肿、神疲乏力、食少纳呆、腰膝畏寒和脘腹胀痛)、肾功能相关损伤指标(24 h Pro、BUN、Ccr和GFR)及肾纤维化相关指标(CTGF、CIV、PCⅢ和BMP-7)变化情况及临床疗效。结果:对照组临床总有效率为77.1%(37/48),观察组临床总有效率为91.7%(44/48),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者畏寒肢冷、面浮肢肿、神疲乏力、食少纳呆、腰膝畏寒和脘腹胀痛的中医症状评分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者24 h Pro、BUN水平均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),Ccr、GFR水平显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者CTGF、CIV及PCⅢ水平较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),BMP-7水平明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:温肾汤可以有效改善慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证患者的肾功能,降低蛋白尿,显著抑制肾脏纤维化。展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigated the effects of suspended moxibustion stimulating Shenshu(BL23)and Guanyuan(CV4)acupoints on the amygdala and HPA axis in our rat model and elucidated the possible molecular mechanisms of moxi...OBJECTIVE:To investigated the effects of suspended moxibustion stimulating Shenshu(BL23)and Guanyuan(CV4)acupoints on the amygdala and HPA axis in our rat model and elucidated the possible molecular mechanisms of moxibustion on kidney-Yang deficiency symptom pattern(KYDS).METHODS:Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=12)and an experimental group(n=48).Rats in the experimental group were given intramuscular injections of hydrocortisone to establish a KYDS model.The 48 rats successfully modeled were then randomly divided into a model group(model,n=12),a carbenoxolone intraperitoneal injection group(CBX,n=12),a moxibustion group(moxi,n=12),and a moxi+CBX group(n=12).In the moxi,the Shenshu(BL23)and Guanyuan(CV 4)acupoints were treated with moxibustion for 14 d.After treatment,measures were taken of serum levels of corticosterone(CORT),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and corticotropinreleasing hormone(CRH).The expression of mineralocorticoid receptors(MRs),glucocorticoid receptors(GRs),11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(11β-HSD1),CRH,and ACTH in the rats’amygdala,hypothalamus,or pituitary(as appropriate)was detected.Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:Compared with those of the control group,the serum levels of CRH,ACTH,and CORT;the mRNA and protein expressions of MR,GR,and 11β-HSD1 in the amygdala;the mRNA and protein expressions of 11β-HSD1 in the hypothalamus;the CRH mRNA expression in the amygdala and hypothalamus;and the ACTH mRNA expression in the pituitary of the rats in the model group were all significantly decreased(P<0.05 or 0.01).After treatment with moxibustion,all the aforementioned observation indices except for 11β-HSD1 m RNA expression were ameliorated compared with those in the model group(P<0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Suspended moxibustion can effectively improve the serum levels of ACTH,CRH,and CORT and can up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of MR,GR,11β-HSD1,CRH,and ACTH in the amygdala and hypothalamus of KYDS rats.This may be one of the molecular mechanisms with which moxibustion alleviates KYDS.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81673996,81904220)the Jiangmen Association for Science and Technology-Youth science and technology talent lifting project(Grant No.2022-2023).
文摘Background:In traditional Chinese medicine,You-Gui-Wan(YGW)is typically used to treat osteoporosis associated with kidney-yang deficiency.However,there have been few mechanistic studies on the effectiveness of kidney-yang deficiency-type osteoporosis with YGW.To further clarify the role of YGW in the effect of osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency,the study analyzed the therapeutic advantages of YGW by comparing the therapeutic effects of YGW and alendronate(ALN)on osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency.Methods:SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into control,osteoporosis,osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency,osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency+YGW and osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency+ALN groups.Except for the control group,osteoporosis was induced by the removal of bilateral ovaries.After 12 weeks,rats with osteoporosis in the kidney-yang deficiency group had kidney-yang deficiency syndrome triggered by hydrocortisone for 14 days.Rats were treated with YGW or ALN for 12 weeks.The weights of rats were recorded.Hematoxylin-eosin staining staining was used to observe pathological changes in bone trabeculae,liver,spleen,and kidneys of rats.Depletion of the growth plate cartilage of rats in different groups was observed by safranine-O staining.The expression of osteoclast key indices(ACP)and osteoblast key indices(ALP)in the bone tissue of rats in the different groups was observed by immunohistochemical staining.The expression of bone resorption-related indicators(TRAP and NXT-1),bone formation-related indicators(BALP,BGP,and P1NP),and major indicators of kidney-yang deficiency(ACTH,T3,T4,cAMP,and cGMP)were observed using an ELISA detection kit.The expression levels of the main indices of liver function(ALT and AST)were detected in different groups.Results:The differences between the osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency group and osteoporosis group were that the weight of rats and the expression of ACTH,T3,T4,and cAMP decreased significantly,and the expression of cGMP increased in the osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency group.Moreover,both YGW and ALN effectively improved the symptoms of osteoporosis,including the injury of bone trabeculae and growth plates,as well as the expression of bone metabolism-related indicators.However,unlike ALN,YGW simultaneously ameliorated the expression of key indicators of kidney-yang deficiency and prevented weight loss in rats.In addition,YGW caused no obvious damage to the liver,spleen,or kidney,whereas ALN led to liver cirrhosis.Conclusion:The results reveal that YGW plays a crucial part in osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency,increases bone mineral density,and improves bone metabolism indicators,and is safe and efficient for the efficacy of osteoporosis with kidney-yang deficiency.YGW might have a better therapeutic effect on osteoporosis in patients with kidney-yang deficiency.Therefore,alendronate should be used cautiously in patients with osteoporosis and poor liver function.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> The role of vitamin D in population subgroups throughout the world continues to be a topic of interest among researchers. Current evidence demonstrates that treating vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in improving mortality in hospitalized patients, reducing hospital length of stay, and boosting innate immune system. Vitamin D levels vary with age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and geographical area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate vitamin D levels in a cohort of patients in Northeast Tennessee. <strong>Study: </strong>This institutional review board-approved, retrospective study evaluated vitamin D levels of patients obtained from Mcleod Cancer and Blood Center. Vitamin D levels were collected over a 2-year period and classified as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20 - 30 ng/mL), or replete (>30 ng/mL). Data were then stratified based on patient characteristics (age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, seasons, and place of residence) and compounds of vitamin D (D2 and D3).<strong> Results:</strong> There were 2011 individuals included, with only 44.3% having replete levels and 21.4% with levels less than 20 ng/mL. Females with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have levels below 20 ng/ml compared to males (18.6% vs. 23%, respectively, p = 0.003). Regarding BMI, the highest levels were reported in normal weight and overweight. With regards to age, advanced age (≥70) was associated with the highest levels and most replete patients. Winter months were associated with the lowest levels of vitamin D. Higher vitamin D levels were found in individuals over 70 years, normal weight and overweight category. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Testing vitamin D levels in high-risk groups becomes of utmost importance in areas with longer winter months, obese and underweight patients. Vitamin D levels should be routinely tested and treated in vulnerable populations.
文摘using a WZD—1 microcirculation microscope,we observed the tongue tipand nail-bed microcirculation of uremic patients with deficiency of kidney-yangbefore and after blood dialysis.The results showed that the pathological basis ofuremia with deficiency of kidney-yang may be microcirculation disturbance,in-crease of metabolites and water retention.The effusion from capillary loops intongue tip may be one of the pathogenetic factors of a swollen and jaggedtongue.The flow rate of blood in capillary loops in the nail-bed was apparentlyabnormal and markedly improved after blood dialysis.The weighted integral ofnail-bed microcirculation decreased from moderately abnormal (4.99±1.52) toapproximately normal (1.98±0.97) (P【0.01).Microcirculation seems to be a sensi-tive criterion for reflecting the pathologic changes of uremia with deficiency ofkidney-yang.
文摘Intermittent exotropia with convergence insufficiency is defined as a greater exodeviation measured at near than at distance of at least 10 prism diopters and it is harmful to binocular vision at earlier time. This paper mainly introduces three operation patterns including lateral rectus recession(s) with or without a slanting procedure, unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection, and medial rectus resection(s) with or without a slanting procedure.
文摘目的:探究温肾汤治疗慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证的效果及其对肾脏纤维化的影响。方法:选择符合纳入标准的慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证患者96例,依据随机数字表随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上口服温肾汤治疗,2周为1个疗程,两组均治疗2个疗程。比较治疗前后两组患者中医症状评分(畏寒肢冷、面浮肢肿、神疲乏力、食少纳呆、腰膝畏寒和脘腹胀痛)、肾功能相关损伤指标(24 h Pro、BUN、Ccr和GFR)及肾纤维化相关指标(CTGF、CIV、PCⅢ和BMP-7)变化情况及临床疗效。结果:对照组临床总有效率为77.1%(37/48),观察组临床总有效率为91.7%(44/48),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者畏寒肢冷、面浮肢肿、神疲乏力、食少纳呆、腰膝畏寒和脘腹胀痛的中医症状评分均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者24 h Pro、BUN水平均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),Ccr、GFR水平显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者CTGF、CIV及PCⅢ水平较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),BMP-7水平明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:温肾汤可以有效改善慢性肾功能不全脾肾阳虚证患者的肾功能,降低蛋白尿,显著抑制肾脏纤维化。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Mechanism of Suspension Moxibustion with Moxa Stick in Treating Hydrocortisone Rats with Kidney-Yang Deficiency based on Hippocampus(amygdala)-HPA Axis(No.81660817)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigated the effects of suspended moxibustion stimulating Shenshu(BL23)and Guanyuan(CV4)acupoints on the amygdala and HPA axis in our rat model and elucidated the possible molecular mechanisms of moxibustion on kidney-Yang deficiency symptom pattern(KYDS).METHODS:Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=12)and an experimental group(n=48).Rats in the experimental group were given intramuscular injections of hydrocortisone to establish a KYDS model.The 48 rats successfully modeled were then randomly divided into a model group(model,n=12),a carbenoxolone intraperitoneal injection group(CBX,n=12),a moxibustion group(moxi,n=12),and a moxi+CBX group(n=12).In the moxi,the Shenshu(BL23)and Guanyuan(CV 4)acupoints were treated with moxibustion for 14 d.After treatment,measures were taken of serum levels of corticosterone(CORT),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and corticotropinreleasing hormone(CRH).The expression of mineralocorticoid receptors(MRs),glucocorticoid receptors(GRs),11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(11β-HSD1),CRH,and ACTH in the rats’amygdala,hypothalamus,or pituitary(as appropriate)was detected.Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:Compared with those of the control group,the serum levels of CRH,ACTH,and CORT;the mRNA and protein expressions of MR,GR,and 11β-HSD1 in the amygdala;the mRNA and protein expressions of 11β-HSD1 in the hypothalamus;the CRH mRNA expression in the amygdala and hypothalamus;and the ACTH mRNA expression in the pituitary of the rats in the model group were all significantly decreased(P<0.05 or 0.01).After treatment with moxibustion,all the aforementioned observation indices except for 11β-HSD1 m RNA expression were ameliorated compared with those in the model group(P<0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Suspended moxibustion can effectively improve the serum levels of ACTH,CRH,and CORT and can up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of MR,GR,11β-HSD1,CRH,and ACTH in the amygdala and hypothalamus of KYDS rats.This may be one of the molecular mechanisms with which moxibustion alleviates KYDS.
