Purpose:Interdisciplinarity is a hot topic in science and technology policy.However,the concept of interdisciplinarity is both abstract and complex,and therefore difficult to measure using a single indicator.A variety...Purpose:Interdisciplinarity is a hot topic in science and technology policy.However,the concept of interdisciplinarity is both abstract and complex,and therefore difficult to measure using a single indicator.A variety of metrics for measuring the diversity and interdisciplinarity of articles,journals,and fields have been proposed in the literature.In this article,we ask whether institutions can be ranked in terms of their(inter-)disciplinary diversity.Design/methodology/approach:We developed a software application(interd_vb.exe)that outputs the values of relevant diversity indicators for any document set or network structure.The software is made available,free to the public,online.The indicators it considers include the advanced diversity indicators Rao-Stirling(RS)diversity and DIV*,as well as standard measures of diversity,such as the Gini coefficient,Shannon entropy,and the Simpson Index.As an empirical demonstration of how the application works,we compared the research portfolios of 42“Double First-Class”Chinese universities across Web of Science Subject Categories(WCs).Findings:The empirical results suggest that DIV*provides results that are more in line with one’s intuitive impressions than RS,particularly when the results are based on sampledependent disparity measures.Furthermore,the scores for diversity are more consistent when based on a global disparity matrix than on a local map.Research limitations:“Interdisciplinarity”can be operationalized as bibliographic coupling among(sets of)documents with references to disciplines.At the institutional level,however,diversity may also indicate comprehensiveness.Unlike impact(e.g.citation),diversity and interdisciplinarity are context-specific and therefore provide a second dimension to the evaluation.Policy or practical implications:Operationalization and quantification make it necessary for analysts to make their choices and options clear.Although the equations used to calculate diversity are often mathematically transparent,the specification in terms of computer code helps the analyst to further precision in decisions.Although diversity is not necessarily a goal of universities,a high diversity score may inform potential policies concerning interdisciplinarity at the university level.Originality/value:This article introduces a non-commercial online application to the public domain that allows researchers and policy analysts to measure“diversity”and“interdisciplinarity”using the various indicators as encompassing as possible for any document set or network structure(e.g.a network of co-authors).Insofar as we know,such a professional computing tool for evaluating data sets using diversity indicators has not yet been made available online.展开更多
This contribution discusses some results of the ongoing research focused on the protection of cultural heritage from flood danger. The research project Methodology of Protection and Rescue of Cultural Heritage against...This contribution discusses some results of the ongoing research focused on the protection of cultural heritage from flood danger. The research project Methodology of Protection and Rescue of Cultural Heritage against Flood takes place in the Czech Republic and is focused on specific regional problems that have been experienced during and after disastrous floods in past 15 years. However, the lessons learned have wider applicability to the issue of flood protection of cultural heritage. Here, we describe two case studies that represent important issues requiring a solution;addressing these issues was the main motivation for the whole project.展开更多
In honor of Professor John B.Goodenough for his 100th birthday,this article tries to find the relationship between the discovery of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries and the interdisciplinary research in his...In honor of Professor John B.Goodenough for his 100th birthday,this article tries to find the relationship between the discovery of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries and the interdisciplinary research in his career.The original ideas of lithium cobalt oxide,lithium manganese oxide,and LiFePO4 came from his early research in solid state physics and from his strong knowledge of chemical structure and bonding.Some examples are given to demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary interactions among materials,chemistry,and physics.With the rapid development of rechargeable batteries,such interdisciplinarity is further extended to engineering,information,and even artificial intelligence.Although there are still many challenges like energy density and safety in the batteries,we are confident that a better solution will be soon found.展开更多
Do we still need Cartography?Do we still need a cartographic society?These questions,which can also be transferred to other disciplines,are answered from disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives-which creates a...Do we still need Cartography?Do we still need a cartographic society?These questions,which can also be transferred to other disciplines,are answered from disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives-which creates an ideal connection to the networked and interdisciplinary thinking of Gottfried Konecny.The need for Cartography as a discipline is discussed based on a view on historic,current and future functions of maps and changing research and development requirements.With respect to interdisciplinarity,Cartography shows connections to various domains while more and more relationships with young areas from the field of Computer Science are developing.With regard to cartographic societies,their central role and importance as networking platforms are emphasized.Nevertheless,geographical and thematic granularities of societies as well as networking formats(including online versions)need to be evaluated and further developed on a constant basis.展开更多
Big Data is a hot topic at present,and many disciplines are engaged in it.However,the relationship and status of these disciplines in Big Data research are still not well understood.Based on bibliometric data from the...Big Data is a hot topic at present,and many disciplines are engaged in it.However,the relationship and status of these disciplines in Big Data research are still not well understood.Based on bibliometric data from the Web of Science,this study analyzes the interdisciplinarity of Big Data research.It focuses on its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics by combining traditional bibliometrics,interdisciplinarity indicators,and so cial network analysis.We found that:1)In recent years,the research topics of Big Data include the Internet of Things,Syndromic Surveillance,Knowledge M anagement,Industry 4.0,etc.M ost Big Data research comes from China,the United States,and India.2)Big Data research involved 141 disciplines,but the disciplinary distribution is unbalanced,among which the diversity of disciplines is constantly improving;The balance of disciplines is on the rise,and the situation that is dominated by a few disciplines has been improved;The disparity of disciplines increases and researchers tend to cite the disciplines that are quite different from their own disciplines.3)Computer Science and Engineering are the two most important disciplines in the Big Data field.According to the collaboration degree,the interdisciplinary collaboration network can be divided into five communities:Community 1,represented by Computer Science and Engineering;Community 2,represented by Business&Economics;Community 3,represented by Science&Technology;Community 4,represented by M aterials Science;Community 5,represented by Health Care Sciences&Services.The collaboration between a few key disciplines has changed,and the whole network is still expanding in Big Data research.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71573085,71974150).
文摘Purpose:Interdisciplinarity is a hot topic in science and technology policy.However,the concept of interdisciplinarity is both abstract and complex,and therefore difficult to measure using a single indicator.A variety of metrics for measuring the diversity and interdisciplinarity of articles,journals,and fields have been proposed in the literature.In this article,we ask whether institutions can be ranked in terms of their(inter-)disciplinary diversity.Design/methodology/approach:We developed a software application(interd_vb.exe)that outputs the values of relevant diversity indicators for any document set or network structure.The software is made available,free to the public,online.The indicators it considers include the advanced diversity indicators Rao-Stirling(RS)diversity and DIV*,as well as standard measures of diversity,such as the Gini coefficient,Shannon entropy,and the Simpson Index.As an empirical demonstration of how the application works,we compared the research portfolios of 42“Double First-Class”Chinese universities across Web of Science Subject Categories(WCs).Findings:The empirical results suggest that DIV*provides results that are more in line with one’s intuitive impressions than RS,particularly when the results are based on sampledependent disparity measures.Furthermore,the scores for diversity are more consistent when based on a global disparity matrix than on a local map.Research limitations:“Interdisciplinarity”can be operationalized as bibliographic coupling among(sets of)documents with references to disciplines.At the institutional level,however,diversity may also indicate comprehensiveness.Unlike impact(e.g.citation),diversity and interdisciplinarity are context-specific and therefore provide a second dimension to the evaluation.Policy or practical implications:Operationalization and quantification make it necessary for analysts to make their choices and options clear.Although the equations used to calculate diversity are often mathematically transparent,the specification in terms of computer code helps the analyst to further precision in decisions.Although diversity is not necessarily a goal of universities,a high diversity score may inform potential policies concerning interdisciplinarity at the university level.Originality/value:This article introduces a non-commercial online application to the public domain that allows researchers and policy analysts to measure“diversity”and“interdisciplinarity”using the various indicators as encompassing as possible for any document set or network structure(e.g.a network of co-authors).Insofar as we know,such a professional computing tool for evaluating data sets using diversity indicators has not yet been made available online.
文摘This contribution discusses some results of the ongoing research focused on the protection of cultural heritage from flood danger. The research project Methodology of Protection and Rescue of Cultural Heritage against Flood takes place in the Czech Republic and is focused on specific regional problems that have been experienced during and after disastrous floods in past 15 years. However, the lessons learned have wider applicability to the issue of flood protection of cultural heritage. Here, we describe two case studies that represent important issues requiring a solution;addressing these issues was the main motivation for the whole project.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:5202780089。
文摘In honor of Professor John B.Goodenough for his 100th birthday,this article tries to find the relationship between the discovery of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries and the interdisciplinary research in his career.The original ideas of lithium cobalt oxide,lithium manganese oxide,and LiFePO4 came from his early research in solid state physics and from his strong knowledge of chemical structure and bonding.Some examples are given to demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary interactions among materials,chemistry,and physics.With the rapid development of rechargeable batteries,such interdisciplinarity is further extended to engineering,information,and even artificial intelligence.Although there are still many challenges like energy density and safety in the batteries,we are confident that a better solution will be soon found.
基金Projects mentioned in this contribution are aChor(funded by German Research Foundation,DFG)and TOVIP(funded by German Research Foundation,DFG,under the Priority program“VGI Science”).
文摘Do we still need Cartography?Do we still need a cartographic society?These questions,which can also be transferred to other disciplines,are answered from disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives-which creates an ideal connection to the networked and interdisciplinary thinking of Gottfried Konecny.The need for Cartography as a discipline is discussed based on a view on historic,current and future functions of maps and changing research and development requirements.With respect to interdisciplinarity,Cartography shows connections to various domains while more and more relationships with young areas from the field of Computer Science are developing.With regard to cartographic societies,their central role and importance as networking platforms are emphasized.Nevertheless,geographical and thematic granularities of societies as well as networking formats(including online versions)need to be evaluated and further developed on a constant basis.
基金the major project-The Research on the Construction of A Cloud Platform for Science and Education Evaluation and Intelligent Service Based on Big Data(No.19ZDA348),supported by National Social Science Foundation of China
文摘Big Data is a hot topic at present,and many disciplines are engaged in it.However,the relationship and status of these disciplines in Big Data research are still not well understood.Based on bibliometric data from the Web of Science,this study analyzes the interdisciplinarity of Big Data research.It focuses on its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics by combining traditional bibliometrics,interdisciplinarity indicators,and so cial network analysis.We found that:1)In recent years,the research topics of Big Data include the Internet of Things,Syndromic Surveillance,Knowledge M anagement,Industry 4.0,etc.M ost Big Data research comes from China,the United States,and India.2)Big Data research involved 141 disciplines,but the disciplinary distribution is unbalanced,among which the diversity of disciplines is constantly improving;The balance of disciplines is on the rise,and the situation that is dominated by a few disciplines has been improved;The disparity of disciplines increases and researchers tend to cite the disciplines that are quite different from their own disciplines.3)Computer Science and Engineering are the two most important disciplines in the Big Data field.According to the collaboration degree,the interdisciplinary collaboration network can be divided into five communities:Community 1,represented by Computer Science and Engineering;Community 2,represented by Business&Economics;Community 3,represented by Science&Technology;Community 4,represented by M aterials Science;Community 5,represented by Health Care Sciences&Services.The collaboration between a few key disciplines has changed,and the whole network is still expanding in Big Data research.
