The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,la...The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,lake water,or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way.However,water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits,especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life.Therefore,it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices.This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation,as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices.Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years,the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed.The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen,and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.展开更多
Light-to-thermal conversion materials(LTCMs)have been of great interest to researchers due to their impressive energy conversion capacity and wide range of applications in biomedical,desalination,and synergistic catal...Light-to-thermal conversion materials(LTCMs)have been of great interest to researchers due to their impressive energy conversion capacity and wide range of applications in biomedical,desalination,and synergistic catalysis.Given the limited advances in existing materials(metals,semiconductors,π-conjugates),researchers generally adopt the method of constructing complex systems and hybrid structures to optimize performance and achieve multifunctional integration.However,the development of LTCMs is still in its infancy as the physical mechanism of light-to-thermal conversion is unclear.In this review,we proposed design strategies for efficient LTCMs by analyzing the physical process of light-tothermal conversion.First,we analyze the nature of light absorption and heat generation to reveal the physical processes of light-to-thermal conversion.Then,we explain the light-to-thermal conversion mechanisms of metallic,semiconducting andπ-conjugated LCTMs,and propose new material design strategies and performance improvement methods.Finally,we summarize the challenges and prospects of LTCMs in emerging applications such as solar water evaporation and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
Low solar spectrum coverage,high evaporation enthalpy,and undesired salt deposition severely limited the solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology for further sewage purification and seawater desalination.To ove...Low solar spectrum coverage,high evaporation enthalpy,and undesired salt deposition severely limited the solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology for further sewage purification and seawater desalination.To overcome these problems,we designed an amphiphilic Janus-structured polyaniline(PANI)/ZrC/cellulose acetate(CA)(J-PZCA) membrane.Firstly,the interfacial interaction between PANI and ZrC enhances the photoabsorption and photothermal conversion efficiency.Secondly,low thermal conductivity reduces the heat lost at the interface.Most importantly,ZrC could facilitate interfacial activation,which weakens the intermolecular forces of water by affecting the hydrogen bond.Under 1 solar irradiation(1 sun),the composite membrane exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.31 kg m^(-2)h^(-1) and an excellent efficiency of 79.4%.In addition,the sewage purification and seawater desalination experiments reveal a remarkable purification capability of J-PZCA membrane.Especially for the treatment of high-concentration salt solution,it realizes a long-term stable evaporation performance due to the excellent salt deposition resistance.Therefore,the J-PZCA membrane constructed in this study provides a new perspective for the design of efficient interfacial evaporation devices.展开更多
Tailoring water supply to achieve confined heating has proven to be an effective strategy for boosting solar interfacial evaporation rates.However,because of salt clogging during desalination,a critical point of const...Tailoring water supply to achieve confined heating has proven to be an effective strategy for boosting solar interfacial evaporation rates.However,because of salt clogging during desalination,a critical point of constriction occurs when controlling the water rate for confined heating.In this study,we demonstrate a facile and scalable weaving technique for fabricating core-sheath photothermal yarns that facilitate controlled water supply for stable and efficient interracial solar desalination.The core-sheath yarn comprises modal fibers as the core and carbon fibers as the sheaths.Because of the core-sheath design,remarkable liquid pumping can be enabled in the carbon fiber bundle of the dispersed superhydrophilic modal fibers.Our woven fabrics absorb a high proportion(92%)of the electromagnetic radiation in the solar spectrum because of the weaving structure and the carbon fiber sheath.Under one-sun(1 kW·m^(-2))illumination,our woven fabric device can achieve the highest evaporation rate(of 2.12kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) with energy conversion efficiency:93.7%)by regulating the number of core-sheath yarns.Practical application tests demonstrate that our device can maintain high and stable desalination performance in a 5 wt%NaCl solution.展开更多
Interfacial solar water evaporation is a reliable way to accelerate water evaporation and contaminant remediation.Embracing the recent advance in photothermal technology,a functional sponge was prepared by coating a s...Interfacial solar water evaporation is a reliable way to accelerate water evaporation and contaminant remediation.Embracing the recent advance in photothermal technology,a functional sponge was prepared by coating a sodium alginate(SA)impregnated sponge with a surface layer of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to act as a photothermal conversion medium and then subsequently evaluated for its ability to enhance Pb extraction from contaminated soil driven by interfacial solar evaporation.The SA loaded sponge had a Pb adsorption capacity of 107.4 mg g^(-1).Coating the top surface of the SA sponge with rGO increased water evaporation performance to 1.81 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in soil media under one sun illumination and with a wind velocity of 2 m s^(-1).Over 12 continuous days of indoor evaporation testing,the Pb extraction efficiency was increased by 22.0%under 1 sun illumination relative to that observed without illumination.Subsequently,Pb extraction was further improved by 48.9%under outdoor evaporation conditions compared to indoor conditions.Overall,this initial work shows the significant potential of interfacial solar evaporation technologies for Pb contaminated soil remediation,which should also be applicable to a variety of other environmental contaminants.展开更多
光轴一致性是衡量多传感器光电系统工作性能的重要指标,为了解决多传感器轴一致性检测系统工作波段范围较窄、系统灵活性较低的问题,本文结合光路切换和光热转换的思想,设计了一套宽光谱多传感器轴一致性检测系统。该系统采用卡塞格林...光轴一致性是衡量多传感器光电系统工作性能的重要指标,为了解决多传感器轴一致性检测系统工作波段范围较窄、系统灵活性较低的问题,本文结合光路切换和光热转换的思想,设计了一套宽光谱多传感器轴一致性检测系统。该系统采用卡塞格林反射式光学系统作为从可见光到长波红外范围内的接收和发射系统;通过步进电机的驱动,带动导轨上方反光镜位置移动,实现系统光路的切换;采用镀有硫化铜的锗玻璃,作为光热转换靶材,将短波长的光斑转换为热斑,采用长波红外探测器实现对各波段激光光斑图像采集。系统能够实现0.4~14μm波段光谱范围的检测;对光学系统进行像质评价分析,可以得到系统在不同波段下由像差引起的弥散斑(Root mean square,RMS)直径均在9μm以下,能量集中度较好;对系统检测精度进行分析,最大测量误差为0.1 mrad;通过导轨往返运动重复精度实验和系统测量准确度实验,对系统可靠性进行验证,结果表明检测系统满足仪表准确度1.5级的要求。该检测系统结构紧凑,适用波谱范围广,能够实现对多传感器光电设备的轴一致性检测。展开更多
Water scarcity is a global challenge,and solar evaporation technology offers a promising and eco-friendly solution for freshwater production.Photothermal conversion materials(PCMs)are crucial for solar evaporation.Imp...Water scarcity is a global challenge,and solar evaporation technology offers a promising and eco-friendly solution for freshwater production.Photothermal conversion materials(PCMs)are crucial for solar evaporation.Improving photothermal conversion efficiency and reducing water evaporation enthalpy are the two key strategies for the designing of PCMs.The desired PCMs that combine both of these properties remain a challenging task,even with the latest advancements in the field.Herein,we developed copper nanoparticles(NPs)with different conjugated nitrogen-doped microporous carbon coatings(Cu@C–N)as PCMs.The microporous carbon enveloping layer provides a highly efficient pathway for water transport and a nanoconfined environment that protects Cu NPs and facilitates the evaporation of water clusters,reducing the enthalpy of water evaporation.Meanwhile,the conjugated nitrogen nodes form strong metal-organic coordination bonds with the surface of copper NPs,acting as an energy bridge to achieve rapid energy transfer and provide high solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency.The Cu@C–N exhibited up to 89.4%solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency and an evaporation rate of 1.94 kgm^(−2) h^(−1) under one sun irradiation,outperforming conventional PCMs,including carbon-based materials and semiconductor materials.These findings offer an efficient design scheme for high-performance PCMs essential for solar evaporators to address global water scarcity.展开更多
Organic donor-acceptor semiconductors exhibit great potential in photothermal conversion.However,it is still challenging to achieve pure organic materials with broad absorption comparable with inorganic materials such...Organic donor-acceptor semiconductors exhibit great potential in photothermal conversion.However,it is still challenging to achieve pure organic materials with broad absorption comparable with inorganic materials such as graphene.Herein,two D-AD type DPA-BT-O4 and NDI-TPA-O4 and three D-A-π-A-D type Th-O4,Th2-O4,and IDT-O4 were readily prepared via two high-yield steps and simple air oxidization.The stability can be attributed to their multiple resonance structures based on the aromatic nitric acid radical mechanism.Compared with the D-A-D radicals,the conjugation extension of the D-A-π-A-D radicals endows them with a narrowed band gap and broad absorption in powder.Interestingly,the IDT-O4 powder with aggregation-induced radical effect exhibits broad absorption between 300 and 2500 nm,which is comparable with graphene and other inorganic materials.Under irradiation of 0.9 W/cm^(2)(808 nm),the temperature of IDT-O4 powder rises to 250℃within 60 s.The water evaporation conversion efficiency of 94.38%and an evaporation rate of 1.365 kg/m^(2)h^(−1)under one sun illumination were achieved.IDT-O4 stands as one of the most efficient photothermal conversion materials among pure organic materials via a rational design strategy.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2019MB019National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22075122,52071295Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Linyi University,Grant/Award Number:Z6122010。
文摘The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,lake water,or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way.However,water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits,especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life.Therefore,it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices.This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation,as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices.Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years,the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed.The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen,and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272153,52032004)the KLOMT Key Laboratory Open Project(2022KLOMT02-05)。
文摘Light-to-thermal conversion materials(LTCMs)have been of great interest to researchers due to their impressive energy conversion capacity and wide range of applications in biomedical,desalination,and synergistic catalysis.Given the limited advances in existing materials(metals,semiconductors,π-conjugates),researchers generally adopt the method of constructing complex systems and hybrid structures to optimize performance and achieve multifunctional integration.However,the development of LTCMs is still in its infancy as the physical mechanism of light-to-thermal conversion is unclear.In this review,we proposed design strategies for efficient LTCMs by analyzing the physical process of light-tothermal conversion.First,we analyze the nature of light absorption and heat generation to reveal the physical processes of light-to-thermal conversion.Then,we explain the light-to-thermal conversion mechanisms of metallic,semiconducting andπ-conjugated LCTMs,and propose new material design strategies and performance improvement methods.Finally,we summarize the challenges and prospects of LTCMs in emerging applications such as solar water evaporation and photothermal catalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172278)Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of HIT (IR2021103)。
文摘Low solar spectrum coverage,high evaporation enthalpy,and undesired salt deposition severely limited the solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology for further sewage purification and seawater desalination.To overcome these problems,we designed an amphiphilic Janus-structured polyaniline(PANI)/ZrC/cellulose acetate(CA)(J-PZCA) membrane.Firstly,the interfacial interaction between PANI and ZrC enhances the photoabsorption and photothermal conversion efficiency.Secondly,low thermal conductivity reduces the heat lost at the interface.Most importantly,ZrC could facilitate interfacial activation,which weakens the intermolecular forces of water by affecting the hydrogen bond.Under 1 solar irradiation(1 sun),the composite membrane exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.31 kg m^(-2)h^(-1) and an excellent efficiency of 79.4%.In addition,the sewage purification and seawater desalination experiments reveal a remarkable purification capability of J-PZCA membrane.Especially for the treatment of high-concentration salt solution,it realizes a long-term stable evaporation performance due to the excellent salt deposition resistance.Therefore,the J-PZCA membrane constructed in this study provides a new perspective for the design of efficient interfacial evaporation devices.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103064 and U21A2095)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BAA068)National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production(FX2022001)。
文摘Tailoring water supply to achieve confined heating has proven to be an effective strategy for boosting solar interfacial evaporation rates.However,because of salt clogging during desalination,a critical point of constriction occurs when controlling the water rate for confined heating.In this study,we demonstrate a facile and scalable weaving technique for fabricating core-sheath photothermal yarns that facilitate controlled water supply for stable and efficient interracial solar desalination.The core-sheath yarn comprises modal fibers as the core and carbon fibers as the sheaths.Because of the core-sheath design,remarkable liquid pumping can be enabled in the carbon fiber bundle of the dispersed superhydrophilic modal fibers.Our woven fabrics absorb a high proportion(92%)of the electromagnetic radiation in the solar spectrum because of the weaving structure and the carbon fiber sheath.Under one-sun(1 kW·m^(-2))illumination,our woven fabric device can achieve the highest evaporation rate(of 2.12kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) with energy conversion efficiency:93.7%)by regulating the number of core-sheath yarns.Practical application tests demonstrate that our device can maintain high and stable desalination performance in a 5 wt%NaCl solution.
基金H.Xu acknowledges the financial support from the Australian Research Council(FT190100485,DP220100583)P.W.acknowledge financial support from the China Scholarship Council for primary scholarships and from the Future Industries Institute for top up scholarships.All authors acknowledge the use of Microscopy Australia facilities located at the University of South Australia,infrastructure co-funded by the University of South Australia,the South Australian State Government,and the Australian Federal Government's National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy(NCRIS)scheme.
文摘Interfacial solar water evaporation is a reliable way to accelerate water evaporation and contaminant remediation.Embracing the recent advance in photothermal technology,a functional sponge was prepared by coating a sodium alginate(SA)impregnated sponge with a surface layer of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)to act as a photothermal conversion medium and then subsequently evaluated for its ability to enhance Pb extraction from contaminated soil driven by interfacial solar evaporation.The SA loaded sponge had a Pb adsorption capacity of 107.4 mg g^(-1).Coating the top surface of the SA sponge with rGO increased water evaporation performance to 1.81 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in soil media under one sun illumination and with a wind velocity of 2 m s^(-1).Over 12 continuous days of indoor evaporation testing,the Pb extraction efficiency was increased by 22.0%under 1 sun illumination relative to that observed without illumination.Subsequently,Pb extraction was further improved by 48.9%under outdoor evaporation conditions compared to indoor conditions.Overall,this initial work shows the significant potential of interfacial solar evaporation technologies for Pb contaminated soil remediation,which should also be applicable to a variety of other environmental contaminants.
文摘光轴一致性是衡量多传感器光电系统工作性能的重要指标,为了解决多传感器轴一致性检测系统工作波段范围较窄、系统灵活性较低的问题,本文结合光路切换和光热转换的思想,设计了一套宽光谱多传感器轴一致性检测系统。该系统采用卡塞格林反射式光学系统作为从可见光到长波红外范围内的接收和发射系统;通过步进电机的驱动,带动导轨上方反光镜位置移动,实现系统光路的切换;采用镀有硫化铜的锗玻璃,作为光热转换靶材,将短波长的光斑转换为热斑,采用长波红外探测器实现对各波段激光光斑图像采集。系统能够实现0.4~14μm波段光谱范围的检测;对光学系统进行像质评价分析,可以得到系统在不同波段下由像差引起的弥散斑(Root mean square,RMS)直径均在9μm以下,能量集中度较好;对系统检测精度进行分析,最大测量误差为0.1 mrad;通过导轨往返运动重复精度实验和系统测量准确度实验,对系统可靠性进行验证,结果表明检测系统满足仪表准确度1.5级的要求。该检测系统结构紧凑,适用波谱范围广,能够实现对多传感器光电设备的轴一致性检测。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52162012,52262014,22368019)Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(Grant Nos.ZDYF2022SHFZ053,ZDYF2021GXJS209)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Talent Platform Fund for South China Sea New Star of Hainan Province(Grant No.NHXXRCXM202305)Open Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea(Grant No.MRUKF2023020).
文摘Water scarcity is a global challenge,and solar evaporation technology offers a promising and eco-friendly solution for freshwater production.Photothermal conversion materials(PCMs)are crucial for solar evaporation.Improving photothermal conversion efficiency and reducing water evaporation enthalpy are the two key strategies for the designing of PCMs.The desired PCMs that combine both of these properties remain a challenging task,even with the latest advancements in the field.Herein,we developed copper nanoparticles(NPs)with different conjugated nitrogen-doped microporous carbon coatings(Cu@C–N)as PCMs.The microporous carbon enveloping layer provides a highly efficient pathway for water transport and a nanoconfined environment that protects Cu NPs and facilitates the evaporation of water clusters,reducing the enthalpy of water evaporation.Meanwhile,the conjugated nitrogen nodes form strong metal-organic coordination bonds with the surface of copper NPs,acting as an energy bridge to achieve rapid energy transfer and provide high solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency.The Cu@C–N exhibited up to 89.4%solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency and an evaporation rate of 1.94 kgm^(−2) h^(−1) under one sun irradiation,outperforming conventional PCMs,including carbon-based materials and semiconductor materials.These findings offer an efficient design scheme for high-performance PCMs essential for solar evaporators to address global water scarcity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51973063Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program,Grant/Award Number:2019TQ05C890+3 种基金Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of EducationJianghan University,Grant/Award Number:JDGD-202010Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou,Grant/Award Number:201710010194Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates,Grant/Award Number:2019B030301003。
文摘Organic donor-acceptor semiconductors exhibit great potential in photothermal conversion.However,it is still challenging to achieve pure organic materials with broad absorption comparable with inorganic materials such as graphene.Herein,two D-AD type DPA-BT-O4 and NDI-TPA-O4 and three D-A-π-A-D type Th-O4,Th2-O4,and IDT-O4 were readily prepared via two high-yield steps and simple air oxidization.The stability can be attributed to their multiple resonance structures based on the aromatic nitric acid radical mechanism.Compared with the D-A-D radicals,the conjugation extension of the D-A-π-A-D radicals endows them with a narrowed band gap and broad absorption in powder.Interestingly,the IDT-O4 powder with aggregation-induced radical effect exhibits broad absorption between 300 and 2500 nm,which is comparable with graphene and other inorganic materials.Under irradiation of 0.9 W/cm^(2)(808 nm),the temperature of IDT-O4 powder rises to 250℃within 60 s.The water evaporation conversion efficiency of 94.38%and an evaporation rate of 1.365 kg/m^(2)h^(−1)under one sun illumination were achieved.IDT-O4 stands as one of the most efficient photothermal conversion materials among pure organic materials via a rational design strategy.
