Intra-body communication (IBC) is a new,emerging,short-range and human body based communication methodology.It is a technique to network various devices on human body,by utilizing the conducting properties of human ti...Intra-body communication (IBC) is a new,emerging,short-range and human body based communication methodology.It is a technique to network various devices on human body,by utilizing the conducting properties of human tissues,suitable for currently fast developing Body area network (BAN)/Body sensor network (BSN).IBC is believed to have advantages in power consumption,electromagnetic radiation,interference from external electromagnetic noise,security,and restriction in spectrum resource.In this article,the authors develop two models,which are analytical and empirical approaches,for comparing the performance and accuracy of IBC on a human limb.Through in vivo experiment of five volunteers,both models basically match with the experimental result with equivalent circuit model superior than electromagnetic model in term of maximum error.展开更多
The galvanic coupling intra-body communication （IBC） was mathematically simulated based on the proposed transfer function. Firstly, a galvanic coupling IBC circuit model was developed and the corresponding parameter...The galvanic coupling intra-body communication （IBC） was mathematically simulated based on the proposed transfer function. Firstly, a galvanic coupling IBC circuit model was developed and the corresponding parameters were discussed. Secondly, the transfer function of the galvanic coupling IBC was derived and proposed. Finally, the signal attenuation characteristics of the galvanic coupling IBC were measured along different signal transmission paths of actual human bodies, while the corresponding mathematical simulations based on the proposed transfer function were carried out. Our investigation showed that the mathematical simulation results coincided with the measured results over the frequency range of 100kHz to 5MHz, which indicated that the proposed transfer function could be useful for theoretical analysis and application of the galvanic coupling IBC.展开更多
The finite-element modeling and simulations of the intra-body communication （IBC） were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for biomedical monitoring. A finite-element model for the whole human body was devel...The finite-element modeling and simulations of the intra-body communication （IBC） were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for biomedical monitoring. A finite-element model for the whole human body was developed to simulate the IBC. The simulation of galvanic coupling IBC and electrostatic coupling IBC were implemented along with different signal transmission paths, and their attenuations were calculated. Our study showed that the position near the signal electrode had higher potential than other positions in the two types of IBC, while the potential generally decreased along the axis of the body parts. Both signal attenuations of the two types IBC increased with increasing signal transmission distance, and the electrostatic coupling IBC had comparatively higher receiving potential than the galvanic coupling IBC. The results indicated that the proposed modeling method could be used for the research of biomedical monitoring based on IBC technology.展开更多
Intra-body communication (IBC) is a technology using the human body as a transmission medium for electrical signals. Compared with the short distance wireless communication technologies, it has several novel character...Intra-body communication (IBC) is a technology using the human body as a transmission medium for electrical signals. Compared with the short distance wireless communication technologies, it has several novel characteristics. The modeling, simulation and implement of intra-body communication are reviewed. Firstly, the transfer function of the galvanic coupling IBC is deduced, and the in vivo measurements results and the corresponding mathematical simulations results based on the proposed transfer function are discussed. Secondly, a finite-element method for modeling the whole human body is introduced, and the simulation results of the galvanic coupling IBC based on the whole human body and the corresponding in vivo measurement results are discussed. Finally, the implement methods of the intra-body communication as well as a novel IBC system based on Mach-Zehnder EO modulator are introduced and analyzed, while some conclusions are achieved.展开更多
With an extending life expectancy and demand for medical healthcare,there are wide-spread and stringent requirements of implantable medical devices(IMDs)development for dia-gnostics,treatments,and therapies by emergin...With an extending life expectancy and demand for medical healthcare,there are wide-spread and stringent requirements of implantable medical devices(IMDs)development for dia-gnostics,treatments,and therapies by emerging technologies.One of the primary targets for the IMDs is evolving a reliable,speed,and accurate communication method to provide proactive well-ness management and thereby achieve early detection,disease prevention,and even treatments.In-tra-body communication(IBC)is a potential technology envisioning a sensors/actuators network within a human body,which uses the conductive properties of a body and is categorized in the standardized IEEE 802.15.06 protocol.In the present review,the current state-of-art of implant in-tra-body communication has been surveyed.Based on the propagation mechanisms over investig-ated IBC spectrum(i.e.,0.1 MHz-100 MHz),the capacitive and galvanic coupling IBC is con-sidered,where the subfields regarding modeling method(including circuit,numerical,analytical,and filter model),measurement details(including the effect of the electrode,cable,impedance,and instrument),clinical application(including cardiac pacemaker and wireless endoscope),transceiver design(including discrete component and CMOS technology)and media access control(MAC)lay-er design have been introduced or discussed.Furthermore,the open challenges and issues have been explored as an anticipated inspiration for future development.展开更多
In this paper, investigation has been done in the computer simulation of the electrostatic coupling IBC by using the developed finite-element models, in which a.the incidence and reflection of electronic signal in the...In this paper, investigation has been done in the computer simulation of the electrostatic coupling IBC by using the developed finite-element models, in which a.the incidence and reflection of electronic signal in the upper arm model were analyzed by using the theory of electromagnetic wave;b.the finite-element models of electrostatic coupling IBC were developed by using the electromagnetic analysis package of ANSYS software;c.the signal attenuation of electrostatic coupling IBC were simulated under the conditions of different signal frequencies, electrodes directions, electrodes sizes and transmission distances. Finally, some important conclusions are deduced on the basis of simulation results.展开更多
Intra-body communication(IBC)is a novel short-range non-RF(radio frequency)wire-less communication technique specified by the IEEE 802.15.6 using the human body as a transmis-sion medium.In this work,a new modeling me...Intra-body communication(IBC)is a novel short-range non-RF(radio frequency)wire-less communication technique specified by the IEEE 802.15.6 using the human body as a transmis-sion medium.In this work,a new modeling method of the IBC system based on the composite fad-ing channel is proposed,where the cascaded filter is used to express the composite fading channel and the modulation method in transmitter and receiver.The composite fading channel combines with the average attenuation,group delay,multipath effect,and shadowing effect.The modulation is adopted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),and thereby the constellation,cyc-lic prefix,bit error rate,and pilot mode are determined.As a result,the whole process and multi-parameter simulation of IBC system can be achieved.It provides a theoretical foundation for the system design of the intra-body communication and will promote its application to the wireless body area network(WBAN).展开更多
基金supported by The Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao under grant 014/2007/A1,063/2009/A and 024/2009/A1the Research Committee of the University of Macao under Grants UL012/09-Y1/EEE/VMI01/FST,RG077/09-10S/ VMI/FST,RG075/07-08S/10T/VMI/FST,and RG072/09-10S/ MPU/FSTthe Funds of Fujian Provincial Department of Science & Technology as 2007Y0024,2007T0009,2007I0018 and 2008J1005
文摘Intra-body communication (IBC) is a new,emerging,short-range and human body based communication methodology.It is a technique to network various devices on human body,by utilizing the conducting properties of human tissues,suitable for currently fast developing Body area network (BAN)/Body sensor network (BSN).IBC is believed to have advantages in power consumption,electromagnetic radiation,interference from external electromagnetic noise,security,and restriction in spectrum resource.In this article,the authors develop two models,which are analytical and empirical approaches,for comparing the performance and accuracy of IBC on a human limb.Through in vivo experiment of five volunteers,both models basically match with the experimental result with equivalent circuit model superior than electromagnetic model in term of maximum error.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60801050)the Basic Research Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology(1010050320804)
文摘The galvanic coupling intra-body communication （IBC） was mathematically simulated based on the proposed transfer function. Firstly, a galvanic coupling IBC circuit model was developed and the corresponding parameters were discussed. Secondly, the transfer function of the galvanic coupling IBC was derived and proposed. Finally, the signal attenuation characteristics of the galvanic coupling IBC were measured along different signal transmission paths of actual human bodies, while the corresponding mathematical simulations based on the proposed transfer function were carried out. Our investigation showed that the mathematical simulation results coincided with the measured results over the frequency range of 100kHz to 5MHz, which indicated that the proposed transfer function could be useful for theoretical analysis and application of the galvanic coupling IBC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60801050)the Excellent Talent Fund of Beijing(2011)Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Beijing Institute ofTechnology(2012)
文摘The finite-element modeling and simulations of the intra-body communication （IBC） were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for biomedical monitoring. A finite-element model for the whole human body was developed to simulate the IBC. The simulation of galvanic coupling IBC and electrostatic coupling IBC were implemented along with different signal transmission paths, and their attenuations were calculated. Our study showed that the position near the signal electrode had higher potential than other positions in the two types of IBC, while the potential generally decreased along the axis of the body parts. Both signal attenuations of the two types IBC increased with increasing signal transmission distance, and the electrostatic coupling IBC had comparatively higher receiving potential than the galvanic coupling IBC. The results indicated that the proposed modeling method could be used for the research of biomedical monitoring based on IBC technology.
文摘Intra-body communication (IBC) is a technology using the human body as a transmission medium for electrical signals. Compared with the short distance wireless communication technologies, it has several novel characteristics. The modeling, simulation and implement of intra-body communication are reviewed. Firstly, the transfer function of the galvanic coupling IBC is deduced, and the in vivo measurements results and the corresponding mathematical simulations results based on the proposed transfer function are discussed. Secondly, a finite-element method for modeling the whole human body is introduced, and the simulation results of the galvanic coupling IBC based on the whole human body and the corresponding in vivo measurement results are discussed. Finally, the implement methods of the intra-body communication as well as a novel IBC system based on Mach-Zehnder EO modulator are introduced and analyzed, while some conclusions are achieved.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81671787)the Defense In-dustrial Technology Development Program(No.JCKY2016208B001).
文摘With an extending life expectancy and demand for medical healthcare,there are wide-spread and stringent requirements of implantable medical devices(IMDs)development for dia-gnostics,treatments,and therapies by emerging technologies.One of the primary targets for the IMDs is evolving a reliable,speed,and accurate communication method to provide proactive well-ness management and thereby achieve early detection,disease prevention,and even treatments.In-tra-body communication(IBC)is a potential technology envisioning a sensors/actuators network within a human body,which uses the conductive properties of a body and is categorized in the standardized IEEE 802.15.06 protocol.In the present review,the current state-of-art of implant in-tra-body communication has been surveyed.Based on the propagation mechanisms over investig-ated IBC spectrum(i.e.,0.1 MHz-100 MHz),the capacitive and galvanic coupling IBC is con-sidered,where the subfields regarding modeling method(including circuit,numerical,analytical,and filter model),measurement details(including the effect of the electrode,cable,impedance,and instrument),clinical application(including cardiac pacemaker and wireless endoscope),transceiver design(including discrete component and CMOS technology)and media access control(MAC)lay-er design have been introduced or discussed.Furthermore,the open challenges and issues have been explored as an anticipated inspiration for future development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 60801050)the Basic Research Foundationof Beijing Institute of Technology of China ( No. 1010050320804) National Innovation Experiment Program for University Students( 2010)
文摘In this paper, investigation has been done in the computer simulation of the electrostatic coupling IBC by using the developed finite-element models, in which a.the incidence and reflection of electronic signal in the upper arm model were analyzed by using the theory of electromagnetic wave;b.the finite-element models of electrostatic coupling IBC were developed by using the electromagnetic analysis package of ANSYS software;c.the signal attenuation of electrostatic coupling IBC were simulated under the conditions of different signal frequencies, electrodes directions, electrodes sizes and transmission distances. Finally, some important conclusions are deduced on the basis of simulation results.
基金the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.81671787)the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(No.JCKY2016208B001).
文摘Intra-body communication(IBC)is a novel short-range non-RF(radio frequency)wire-less communication technique specified by the IEEE 802.15.6 using the human body as a transmis-sion medium.In this work,a new modeling method of the IBC system based on the composite fad-ing channel is proposed,where the cascaded filter is used to express the composite fading channel and the modulation method in transmitter and receiver.The composite fading channel combines with the average attenuation,group delay,multipath effect,and shadowing effect.The modulation is adopted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),and thereby the constellation,cyc-lic prefix,bit error rate,and pilot mode are determined.As a result,the whole process and multi-parameter simulation of IBC system can be achieved.It provides a theoretical foundation for the system design of the intra-body communication and will promote its application to the wireless body area network(WBAN).
