High intraocular pressure causes retinal ganglion cell injury in primary and secondary glaucoma diseases,yet the molecular landscape characteristics of retinal cells under high intraocular pressure remain unknown.Rat ...High intraocular pressure causes retinal ganglion cell injury in primary and secondary glaucoma diseases,yet the molecular landscape characteristics of retinal cells under high intraocular pressure remain unknown.Rat models of acute hypertension ocular pressure were established by injection of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel(Healaflow■).Single-cell RNA sequencing was then used to describe the cellular composition and molecular profile of the retina following high intraocular pressure.Our results identified a total of 12 cell types,namely retinal pigment epithelial cells,rod-photoreceptor cells,bipolar cells,Müller cells,microglia,cone-photoreceptor cells,retinal ganglion cells,endothelial cells,retinal progenitor cells,oligodendrocytes,pericytes,and fibroblasts.The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the retina under acute high intraocular pressure revealed obvious changes in the proportions of various retinal cells,with ganglion cells decreased by 23%.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining confirmed the damage to retinal ganglion cells under high intraocular pressure.We extracted data from retinal ganglion cells and analyzed the retinal ganglion cell cluster with the most distinct expression.We found upregulation of the B3gat2 gene,which is associated with neuronal migration and adhesion,and downregulation of the Tsc22d gene,which participates in inhibition of inflammation.This study is the first to reveal molecular changes and intercellular interactions in the retina under high intraocular pressure.These data contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanism of retinal injury induced by high intraocular pressure and will benefit the development of novel therapies.展开更多
Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible blindness.We previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2...Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible blindness.We previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury.To investigate the underlying mechanism,in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole)by intravitreal injection.We found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating macrophages.Transcriptomic analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 inhibitors.Furthermore,casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes(Cck,Htrsa,Nef1,Htrlb,Prph,Chat,Slc18a3,Slc5a7,Scn1b,Crybb2,Tsga10ip,and Vstm21)involved in intraocular pressure elevation.Our data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.展开更多
●AIM:To evaluate the effect of background diseases and number of previous intravitreal aflibercept injections(IVAIs)on immediate intraocular pressure(IOP)increase and vitreous reflux(VR)rate and to evaluate the corre...●AIM:To evaluate the effect of background diseases and number of previous intravitreal aflibercept injections(IVAIs)on immediate intraocular pressure(IOP)increase and vitreous reflux(VR)rate and to evaluate the correlation of both age and axial length with immediate IOP increase and VR rate.●METHODS:This study included 105 patients with cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion,35 patients with diabetic macular edema,69 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),and 12 patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization,which underwent first-time IVAI.The correlation of immediate IOP increase and VR rates with the four background diseases was investigated.Moreover,the correlation of age with immediate IOP increase and VR rate as well as correlation of axial length with immediate IOP increase and VR rate were evaluated.Further,54 patients with nAMD were treated with IVAI>10 times(multiple IVAIs).Moreover,the correlation of immediate IOP increase and VR rates with first-time and multiple IVAIs in nAMD was determined.●RESULTS:The immediate IOP increase(P=0.16)and VR rates(P=0.50)were almost similar among the four background diseases.The immediate postinjection IOP and age,VR rate and age,immediate postinjection IOP and axial length,or VR rate and axial length were not correlated in the four background diseases.The immediate IOP increase(P=0.66)and VR rates(P=0.28)did not significantly differ between first-time and multiple IVAIs in nAMD.●CONCLUSION:Background diseases and number of previous IVAIs have no effect on immediate IOP increase and VR rate.Further,age and axial length have no correlation on immediate IOP increase and VR rate.展开更多
AIM:To compare intraocular pressure(IOP)measured via the trans palpebral IOP(tp IOP)method using a Diaton or with a Goldman applanation tonometer(GAT)and study the determinants of IOP difference in eyes undergoing tra...AIM:To compare intraocular pressure(IOP)measured via the trans palpebral IOP(tp IOP)method using a Diaton or with a Goldman applanation tonometer(GAT)and study the determinants of IOP difference in eyes undergoing transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)for myopia.METHODS:This cross-sectional validation study was held in 2020 in an eye hospital in Saudi Arabia.IOP was measured by Diaton and GAT before treatment,after one week,and one month of TPRK.It is considered if IOP difference by Diaton and GAT was less than±2 mm Hg acceptable.The IOP difference was tested if correlated to spherical equivalent(SE),central corneal thickness(CCT),age,gender,or tp IOP.RESULTS:Totolly 200 myopic eyes of 100 patients were included in the study.The mean difference of IOP measured by two methods before TPRK,1wk,and 1mo after TPRK were 0.790,-0.790,and-0.920 mm Hg,respectively(P<0.001).Diaton could measure IOP effectively 89.5%eyes before TPRK and 82%and 84%at 1wk and 1mo after TPTK,respectively.At week 1,IOP differences were significantly correlated to baseline CCT(P=0.02)and tp IOP at week 1(P<0.001).One month after TPRK,only tp IOP was significantly correlated to the difference in IOP(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Diaton is a good screening tool for IOP before TPRK.It helps in monitoring IOP after surgery.Although more practical,it is less efficient than GAT.In eyes with high myopia and low tp IOP before surgery,IOP post-TPRK by Diaton and GAT could differ.展开更多
AIM:To determine the distribution and associated factors of intraocular pressure(IOP) in an Iranian elderly population 60 years of age and above.METHODS:The present report is part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye study(TGE...AIM:To determine the distribution and associated factors of intraocular pressure(IOP) in an Iranian elderly population 60 years of age and above.METHODS:The present report is part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye study(TGES),a population-based cross-sectional study that was conducted on the residents of Tehran 60 years of age and above.The sampling was performed using multistage stratified random cluster sampling methods from 22 districts of Tehran,Iran.Demographic and history information,blood samples,and blood pressure were collected from all participants.Ocular examinations included measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity,objective and subjective refraction,and slit-lamp biomicroscopy.The IOP was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT).Corneal imaging and ocular biometry were performed using Pentacam AXL.RESULTS:The data of 3892 eyes of 2124 individuals were analyzed for this report.The mean age of the study participants was 66.49±5.31y(range:60 to 95y).The mean IOP was 15.2 mm Hg(95%CI:15.1 to 15.4),15.3 mm Hg(95%CI:15.1 to 15.5) and 15.1 mm Hg(95%CI:15.0 to 15.3) in all participants,males,and females,respectively.Of the study participants,1.3% had an IOP of ≥20 mm Hg.The mean IOP increased from 15.1 mm Hg in the age group 60-64y to 16.3 mm Hg in the age group ≥80y.According to the final multiple GEE model,the IOP was statistically significantly higher in men than in women.All the studied age groups,except for the 75-79-year-old age group,had significantly higher IOP compared to the 60-64-year-old age group.The IOP was significantly higher in underweight compared to other body mass index groups.Moreover,the IOP had a statistically significant direct relationship with the mean corneal power(mean CP),central corneal thickness(CCT),and systolic blood pressure.CONCLUSION:The present study presents the distribution of IOP in an Iranian elderly population.A higher IOP(within the range 14 to 17 mm Hg) is significantly associated with older age,male sex,high systolic blood pressure,increased mean CP,and CCT.These factors should be considered in the clinical interpretation of IOP.展开更多
·AIM:To investigate the efficacy of ripasudil,a Rho kinase inhibitor,in reducing intraocular pressure(IOP)and medication scores of anti-glaucoma drugs in patients with ocular hypertension with inflammation and co...·AIM:To investigate the efficacy of ripasudil,a Rho kinase inhibitor,in reducing intraocular pressure(IOP)and medication scores of anti-glaucoma drugs in patients with ocular hypertension with inflammation and corticosteroid.·METHODS:The study included 11 patients diagnosed with ocular hypertension with inflammation and corticosteroid,all of whom were prescribed ripasudil eye drops and followed up for at least 2y after the initiation of treatment.IOP was measured using a non-contact tonometer before enrollment and at each follow-up visit.The medication score of glaucoma eye drops was calculated for each patient.·RESULTS:The mean IOP(26.4±2.9 mm Hg before treatment)significantly decreased after ripasudil therapy(13.7±3.3 mm Hg at 3mo)and remained stable in the low-teens during the 2-year follow-up period(P<0.0001).A significant decrease in the medication score was observed at 12mo or later after the initiation of ripasudil therapy(P<0.05).Both baseline medication scores and glaucomatous optic disc change rates were significantly higher in the five eyes that required glaucoma surgery during the 2-year observation period than the 10 eyes that did not require surgery.·CONCLUSION:Our results demonstrate the efficacy of ripasudil,in reducing IOP and the medication score over a 2-year treatment period in patients with ocular hypertension with inflammation and corticosteroid.Our findings also suggest that ripasudil could reduce the IOP in uveitic glaucoma patients with both lower baseline medication score and lower glaucomatous optic disc change rate.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the therapeutic effect of combined abinterno trabeculectomy and cataract surgery on intraocular pressure(IOP)levels in supine and sitting postures during a 24-hour IOP profile.METHODS:Twenty-six eyes of...AIM:To analyze the therapeutic effect of combined abinterno trabeculectomy and cataract surgery on intraocular pressure(IOP)levels in supine and sitting postures during a 24-hour IOP profile.METHODS:Twenty-six eyes of twenty-six patients receiving ab-interno trabeculectomy using electroablation of the trabecular meshwork combined with cataract surgery or stand-alone were included in this retrospective analysis.IOP change during 24-hour IOP profiles within two years postoperatively were analyzed for eyes receiving surgery(“study eyes”)and compared to fellow eyes,which had not received surgery.Clinical data including mean sitting IOP(siIOP),mean supine IOP(su IOP)and the number of topical antiglaucomatous medications(TAM)were extracted from patients’files.RESULTS:Preoperatively,si IOP was 17.6±5.3 mm Hg in study and 17.1±4.7 mm Hg in fellow eyes(P=0.347).Patients were treated with an average of 2.8±1.0 TAM.Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was significantly worse in study eyes(P<0.001),visual field function was marginally not significantly dif ferent(P=0.057).Af ter surger y 9.6±6.8 mo,study eyes had a mean si IOP of 14.5±3.6 mm Hg(IOP reduction:-3.2 mm Hg,P=0.009),a mean su IOP of 18.0±3.5 mm Hg,and an average of 1.3±1.34 TAM(P<0.001),while in fellow eyes,mean si IOP was 16.2±3.4 mm Hg and mean su IOP was 20.5±5.1 mm Hg.Postoperatively,the relative IOP increase between sitting and supine postures was approximately 30%in both study and fellow eyes(P=0.99).CONCLUSION:IOP after ab-interno trabeculectomy shows a comparable relative reduction in both supine and sitting position.Classical trabeculectomy is known to lower su IOP overproportionally.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to present an unusual case of orbital inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)diagnosed due to high intraocular pressure(IOP).IMT is a rare mesenchymal,low-grade malignant or border...Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to present an unusual case of orbital inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)diagnosed due to high intraocular pressure(IOP).IMT is a rare mesenchymal,low-grade malignant or borderline tumor,composed of differentiated myofibroblastic spindle cells,often accompanied by plasma cells and lymphocyte infiltration[1].The onset in most patients is insidious.展开更多
AIM:To investigate short-and long-term intraocular pressure(IOP)fluctuations and fur ther ocular and demographic parameters as predictors for normal tension glaucoma(NTG)progression.METHODS:This retrospective,longitud...AIM:To investigate short-and long-term intraocular pressure(IOP)fluctuations and fur ther ocular and demographic parameters as predictors for normal tension glaucoma(NTG)progression.METHODS:This retrospective,longitudinal cohort study included 137 eyes of 75 patients with NTG,defined by glaucomatous optic disc or visual field defect with normal IOP(<21 mm Hg),independently from therapy regimen.IOP fluctuation,mean,and maximum were inspected with a mean follow-up of 38 mo[standard deviation(SD)18 mo].Inclusion criteria were the performance of minimum two 48-hour profiles including perimetry,Heidelberg retina tomograph(HRT)imaging,and optic disc photographs.The impact of IOP parameters,myopia,sex,cup-to-disc-ratio,and visual field results on progression of NTG were analyzed using Cox regression models.A sub-group analysis with results from optical coherence tomography(OCT)was performed.RESULTS:IOP fluctuations,average,and maximum were not risk factors for progression in NTG patients,although maximum IOP at the initial IOP profile was higher in eyes with progression than in eyes without progression(P=0.054).The 46/137(33.5%)eyes progressed over the followup period.Overall progression(at least three progression confirmations)occurred in 28/137 eyes(20.4%).Most progressions were detected by perimetry(36/46).Longterm IOP mean over all pressure profiles was 12.8 mm Hg(SD 1.3 mm Hg);IOP fluctuation was 1.4 mm Hg(SD 0.8 mm Hg).The progression-free five-year rate was 58.2%(SD 6.5%).CONCLUSION:Short-and long-term IOP fluctuations do not result in progression of NTG.As functional changes are most likely to happen,NTG should be monitored with visual field testing more often than with other devices.展开更多
AIM:To compare the intraocular pressure(IOP)peaks and fluctuations using water drinking tests(WDTs)and mean diurnal IOP among Filipino patients with normal eyes and glaucoma suspectsMETHODS:This prospective study incl...AIM:To compare the intraocular pressure(IOP)peaks and fluctuations using water drinking tests(WDTs)and mean diurnal IOP among Filipino patients with normal eyes and glaucoma suspectsMETHODS:This prospective study included normal and glaucoma suspect patients.Each patient underwent both WDT and mean diurnal examination on separate visits.For mean diurnal examination,IOP was recorded every 2 h for 8 h while in WDT,IOP was recorded prior to WDT,and postWDT at 5,15,30,45,and 60 min.IOP peak was recorded as the highest IOP for both methods,and IOP fluctuation was recorded as highest IOP minus lowest IOP.RESULTS:With the comparison of diagnostic tests,both normal eyes and glaucoma suspect groups,the peak IOP was caught at 15 min.Comparative analysis of both groups also showed that the peak IOP measurements were statistically higher for the WDT compared to mean diurnal IOP(P=0.039,P=0.048 under normal group and P=0.032 and P=0.031 under glaucoma suspect group).Similarly,the WDT had a statistically higher mean IOP fluctuation score than the mean diurnal IOP method in both groups(P=0.003,P=0.011 under normal group;P=0.002 and P=0.005 under glaucoma suspect group).CONCLUSION:This study shows that WDT is a comparable diagnostic exam in predicting IOP fluctuations than mean diurnal measurement.WDT is a promising diagnostic procedure for risk assessment in glaucoma.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the precision of digital intraocular pressure(IOP)measurement in silicone oil(SO)filled eyes during vitrectomy.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-blind study.Patients who were diagnosed with retina...AIM:To evaluate the precision of digital intraocular pressure(IOP)measurement in silicone oil(SO)filled eyes during vitrectomy.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-blind study.Patients who were diagnosed with retinal detachment and scheduled for vitrectomy with SO injection were consecutively enrolled.During the vitrectomy,IOP was digitally measured and then by a rebound tonometer(Icare PRO).The rebound tonometer readings were masked to the surgeons.The digitally measured IOP and that of rebound tonometer were compared,and the inter-methods agreement was assessed.The absolute deviation in IOP values between these two methods(△IOP)was also calculated,and correlations between△IOP and refractive status,lens status and levels of surgeons’experience were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 131 patients(131 eyes)were recruited,with a mean age of 51.0±16.1 y.There was no significant difference in IOPs between digital measurement and the rebound tonometer(15.6±4.3 vs 15.7±5.1 mm Hg;t=0.406,P=0.686).Intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC)analysis indicated a strong correlation between these two measurements(ICC=0.830,P<0.001).The mean△IOP was 2.0±1.9 mm Hg(range:0-12.8 mm Hg),with 98 eyes(74.8%)had the△IOP within 3 mm Hg.△IOP was found to be negatively correlated with levels of surgeons’experience(r=-0.183;P=0.037),but not with the refractive status or lens status of the patients(both P>0.05).CONCLUSION:For experienced surgeons,the digital IOP measurement may be an acceptable technique for IOP measurement in SO filled eyes during vitrectomy.However,its use by inexperienced surgeons should be taken with caution.展开更多
AIM: To compare the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PXG). METHODS: A retrospective comparative case series c...AIM: To compare the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PXG). METHODS: A retrospective comparative case series conducted at the Glaucoma Department at the Association to Prevent Blindness in Mexico. The study enrolled consecutive patients having phacoemulsification with intraocular lens(IOL) implantation and a diagnosis of POAG or PXG. Data about IOP values and number of glaucoma medications used was collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 mo postoperatively. RESULTS: The study enrolled 88 patients(88 eyes). After phacoemulsification, there was a statistically significant reduction in IOP values and glaucoma medications use compared to baseline in both POAG and PXG patients(P<0.001). In the POAG group, a 20% decrease in IOP values was evidenced, and a 56.5% reduction in the number of medications used at the one-year follow-up. The PXG group showed a 20.39%, and a 34.46% decrease in IOP and number of medications used, respectively. A significant difference in the mean ΔIOP(postoperative changes in IOP) was evidenced between groups(P=0.005). The reduction of the postsurgical IOP mean values in both groups, the POAG group showed a greater reduction in IOP values compared to the PXG group.CONCLUSION: In both types of glaucoma, phacoemulsification cataract surgery can result in a significant IOP reduction(20%) over a 12 mo follow-up period. The number of medications used is also significantly reduced up to 12 mo after surgery, especially in the PXG group.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the impact of central corneal thickness(CCT) and corneal curvature on intraocular pressure(IOP) measurements performed by three different tonometers. METHODS: IOP in 132 healthy eyes of 66 participant...AIM: To evaluate the impact of central corneal thickness(CCT) and corneal curvature on intraocular pressure(IOP) measurements performed by three different tonometers. METHODS: IOP in 132 healthy eyes of 66 participants was measured using three different tonometry techniques: Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT), Pascal dynamic contour tonometer(DCT), and ICare rebound tonometer(RT). CCT and corneal curvature were assessed. RESULTS: In healthy eyes, DCT presents significantly higher values of IOP than GAT(17.34±3.69 and 15.27±4.06 mm Hg, P<0.0001). RT measurements are significantly lower than GAT(13.56±4.33 mm Hg, P<0.0001). Compared with GAT, DCT presented on average 2.51 mm Hg higher values in eyes with CCT<600 μm and 0.99 mm Hg higher results in eyes with CCT≥600 μm. The RT results were lower on average by 1.61 and 1.95 mm Hg than those obtained by GAT, respectively. Positive correlations between CCT in eyes with CCT<600 μm were detected for all IOP measurement techniques, whereas a similar relationship was not observed in eyes with thicker corneas. A correlation between IOP values and keratometry in the group with CCT<600 μm was not detected with any of the tonometry methods. In thicker corneas, a positive correlation was found for GAT and mean keratometry values(R=0.369, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The same method should always be chosen for routine IOP control, and measurements obtained by different methods cannot be compared. All analysed tonometry methods are dependent on CCT;thus, CCT should be taken into consideration for both diagnostics and monitoring.展开更多
AIM:To investigate fluctuation of intraocular pressure(IOP)and seasonal variation of 24-hour IOP during one year in healthy participantsMETHODS:Totally 13 young healthy volunteers participated in this study.IOP was me...AIM:To investigate fluctuation of intraocular pressure(IOP)and seasonal variation of 24-hour IOP during one year in healthy participantsMETHODS:Totally 13 young healthy volunteers participated in this study.IOP was measured with Canon TX-20 at about 8:00-9:00 a.m.from Monday to Friday every week for a whole year.They also underwent 24-hour IOP examination every three months.Blood pressure,heart rate,temperature,humidity,atmosphere pressure,sunshine duration and other environment parameters were recorded.RESULTS:The yearly fluctuation curve showed IOP in the summer months were lower than other seasons.In the multivariable generalized estimating equation analysis,IOP had a negative correlation with both temperature and sunshine duration(P<0.05).There also was a seasonal effect on 24-hour IOP.However,all intraclass correlation coefficients values of minimum,maximum and average of the 24-hour IOP and each individual IOP were less than 0.30.CONCLUSION:IOP is trend to be higher in cold days than warm days.IOP have negative association with both environmental temperature and duration of sunshine.On a season-to-season basis,24-hour IOP is not highly reproducible in healthy volunteers.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the intraocular pressure(IOP) control of an artificial trabeculum drainage system(ATDS), a newly designed glaucoma drainage device, and postoperative complications in normal rabbit eyes. METHODS: Pres...AIM: To evaluate the intraocular pressure(IOP) control of an artificial trabeculum drainage system(ATDS), a newly designed glaucoma drainage device, and postoperative complications in normal rabbit eyes. METHODS: Pressure drops in air and fluid of 30 ATDS were measured after being connected to a closed manometric system. Twenty of them were then chosen and implanted randomly into the eyes of 20 rabbits. Postoperative slitlamp, gonioscopic examination and IOP measurements were recorded periodically. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and B-scan ultrasonography were also used to observe the complications. Eyes were enucleated on day 60. RESULTS: Pressure drops of 4.6-9.4 mm Hg were obtained at physiological aqueous flow rates in the tests in vitro. The average postoperative IOP of the experimental eyes(11.6-12.8 mm Hg) was lower than the controls significantly(P<0.05) at each time point. Complications of hemorrhage(n=1), cellulosic exudation(two cases) and local iris congestion(two cases) were observed. The lumina of the devices were devoid of obstructions in all specimens examined and a thin fibrous capsule was found around the endplate. CONCLUSION: ATDS reduce IOP effectively. However, further studies on the structure are needed to reduce complications.展开更多
AIM:To conduct a Meta-analysis for investigating the variations in intraocular pressure(IOP) and central corneal thickness(CCT) during normal pregnancy.METHODS:We searched for clinical trials published up to November ...AIM:To conduct a Meta-analysis for investigating the variations in intraocular pressure(IOP) and central corneal thickness(CCT) during normal pregnancy.METHODS:We searched for clinical trials published up to November 2015 without language or region restrictions in Pub Med,EMBASE,Web of Science,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Ovid,EBSCO,Elsevier,the Chinese Biomedicine Database,Wan Fang,CNKI,CQVIP and Google Scholar.Studies of the ocular changes observed in pregnant women were selected.The main outcomes were assessed by changes in IOP and CCT.RESULTS:Fifteen studies were included.In subgroup analyses,IOP was significantly decreased during the second MD=-1.53,95%CI(-2.19,-0.87);P<0.00001,and third MD=-2.91,95%CI(-3.74,-2.08);P<0.00001 trimesters of pregnancy.CCT was increased during the second MD=10.12,95%CI(2.01,18.22);P=0.01,trimester of pregnancy;moreover,during the third trimester of pregnancy,the CCT displayed an increasing trend,but the difference was not significant MD=5.98,95%CI(-1.11,13.07);P=0.1.CONCLUSION:A decrease in IOP is accompanied by an increase in CCT in the second and third trimesters of a normal pregnancy in women.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the ocular outcomes and to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying intraocular pressure(IOP)change following the head-down tilt(HDT)test.METHODS:The study included 21 participants at the Department of...AIM:To evaluate the ocular outcomes and to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying intraocular pressure(IOP)change following the head-down tilt(HDT)test.METHODS:The study included 21 participants at the Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital.Subjects received the test of I-care tonometry,enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and heart rate variability(HRV)analysis before and after 15 min HDT test.The lumen area of Schlemm’s canal(SCAR),IOP,HRV were calculated.RESULTS:IOP increased significantly after 20°head down position from 14.0±3.0 to 17.0±3.3 mm Hg(P<0.001).SCAR decreased from 13449.0±5454.9μm^(2) at sitting condition to 9576.6±4130.9μm^(2) post 15 min HDT test.High frequency(HF)indices increased significantly from 1462±865 Hz at baseline to 2128±824 Hz.Heart rate(HR)decreased significantly from 76±11.48 to 70±11.52 bpm after the HDT.The linear regression analysis showed that the difference of HF and SCAR significantly correlated with each other during the HDT(R^(2)=20%,P=0.04).CONCLUSION:These outcomes perform the first evidence of the activation of autonomic nervous system of HDT may cause the collapse of Schlemm’s canal lumen,which in turn leading to the increased IOP.展开更多
AIM: To determine the relationship between the subfoveal choroidal thickness(CT) and intraocular pressure(IOP) following idiopathic epiretinal membrane(ERM) surgery.METHODS: Retrospective observational case series of ...AIM: To determine the relationship between the subfoveal choroidal thickness(CT) and intraocular pressure(IOP) following idiopathic epiretinal membrane(ERM) surgery.METHODS: Retrospective observational case series of patients who had undergone 23-gauge vitrectomy for an ERM. The measurements of CT and IOP were done at the baseline and 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after the surgery.RESULTS: Forty-four eyes of 43 patients with a mean age of 69.8±9.5 y were studied. The CT was 200.8±86.3 μm at the baseline, 210.1±83.5 μm at 1 d, 213.2±85.4 μm at 1 wk, 203.1±84.0 μm at 1 mo, 197.5±85.5 μm at 3 mo, 197.7±84.0 μm at 6 mo, and 191.2±86.8 μm at 12 mo after surgery. The CT on day 1 and week 1 after the surgery was significantly thicker than that at the baseline CT(P=0.0023 and P<0.0001). The CT at 12 mo after surgery was significantly thinner than the baseline(P=0.0062). The IOP on day 1 and week 1 were significantly lower than the baseline(P<0.0001 and P=0.0042). The IOP at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after surgery were significantly higher than the baseline IOP(P=0.0087, P=0.0023, P<0.00051, and P<0.0001). The rates of changes in the CT between baseline and day 1 and week 1 were significantly and negatively correlated with the rates of change in the IOP(P<0.0001 and P=0.046). In the group with the IOP change rate of-30% or less at 1 d postoperatively, the change rate of CT was-21.1% to 31.2%(9.8%±12.4%) and in the group of-29% or more, it was-8.9% to 28.0%(2.6%±8.9%). The change rate of CT in the group with the IOP change rate of-30% or less was significantly higher than the group of-29% or more(P=0.016).CONCLUSION: CT increases soon after the ERM surgery which is probably due to the transient hypotony, showing that IOP may be a significant confounding factor for CT.展开更多
The study investigated the effects of Qingguang'an Ⅱ(a Chinese medicinal preparation) on expressions of OX42 protein and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) mRNA of retinal microglia cells of rats with chronic high intraocul...The study investigated the effects of Qingguang'an Ⅱ(a Chinese medicinal preparation) on expressions of OX42 protein and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) mRNA of retinal microglia cells of rats with chronic high intraocular pressure(IOP). SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, that were: A: blank group; B: model group; C: Qingguang'an Ⅱ low dose group; D: Qingguang'an Ⅱ medium dose group; E: Qingguang'an Ⅱ high dose group; F: Yimaikang disket(a Chinese medicinal preparation) group. Experimental rats in B, C, D, E, F groups were established the model of chronic high IOP by cauterizing of superficial scleral vein. Tissues of eyes were obtained after intragastric administration for 2 and 4 wk. At the time-point of 2 wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in group B were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with other groups(P<0.05). Moreover, at the time-point of 4 wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C, D and E were statistically expressed in lower level comparing with group F(P<0.05). Besides, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with group E(P<0.05). OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were expressed in similar level(P>0.05). The study indicated that, in the protection of optic nerve of rats with chronic high IOP, the high dose of Qingguang'an Ⅱ at the time-point of 4 wk was the better choice.展开更多
AIM: To assess the effect of lens status on sustained intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation in patients treated intravitreally with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) agents. METHODS: Data were retrospectivel...AIM: To assess the effect of lens status on sustained intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation in patients treated intravitreally with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) agents. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected for all patients treated with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medication at a tertiary medical center in July 2015. Findings were analyzed by lens status during 6 months' follow-up. The main outcome measure was a sustained increase in IOP(≥21 mm Hg or change of ≥6 mm Hg from baseline on ≥2 consecutive visits, or addition of a new IOPlowering medication during follow-up). RESULTS: A total of 119 eyes of 100 patients met the study criteria: 40 phakic, 40 pseudophakic, and 39 pseudophakic after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. The rate of sustained IOP elevation was significantly higher in the postcapsulotomy group(23.1%) than in the phakic/pseudophakic groups(8.1%;P=0.032), with no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups in mean number of injections, either total(P=0.82) or by type of anti-VEGF mediation(bevacizumab: P=0.19;ranibizumab: P=0.13), or mean follow-up time(P=0.70). CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG capsulotomy appears to be a risk factor for sustained IOP elevation in patients receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. This finding has important implications given the growing use of anti-VEGF treatment and the irreversible effects of elevated IOP.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371051(to DW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7212092(to DW)+1 种基金the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.2022-2-5041(to DW)the Fund of Science and Technology Development of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital,Capital Medical University,No.2021R-001(to YL).
文摘High intraocular pressure causes retinal ganglion cell injury in primary and secondary glaucoma diseases,yet the molecular landscape characteristics of retinal cells under high intraocular pressure remain unknown.Rat models of acute hypertension ocular pressure were established by injection of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel(Healaflow■).Single-cell RNA sequencing was then used to describe the cellular composition and molecular profile of the retina following high intraocular pressure.Our results identified a total of 12 cell types,namely retinal pigment epithelial cells,rod-photoreceptor cells,bipolar cells,Müller cells,microglia,cone-photoreceptor cells,retinal ganglion cells,endothelial cells,retinal progenitor cells,oligodendrocytes,pericytes,and fibroblasts.The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the retina under acute high intraocular pressure revealed obvious changes in the proportions of various retinal cells,with ganglion cells decreased by 23%.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining confirmed the damage to retinal ganglion cells under high intraocular pressure.We extracted data from retinal ganglion cells and analyzed the retinal ganglion cell cluster with the most distinct expression.We found upregulation of the B3gat2 gene,which is associated with neuronal migration and adhesion,and downregulation of the Tsc22d gene,which participates in inhibition of inflammation.This study is the first to reveal molecular changes and intercellular interactions in the retina under high intraocular pressure.These data contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanism of retinal injury induced by high intraocular pressure and will benefit the development of novel therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81570849,81100931the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,Nos.2015A030313446,2020A1515011413(all to LPC).
文摘Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible blindness.We previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury.To investigate the underlying mechanism,in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole)by intravitreal injection.We found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating macrophages.Transcriptomic analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 inhibitors.Furthermore,casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes(Cck,Htrsa,Nef1,Htrlb,Prph,Chat,Slc18a3,Slc5a7,Scn1b,Crybb2,Tsga10ip,and Vstm21)involved in intraocular pressure elevation.Our data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.
文摘●AIM:To evaluate the effect of background diseases and number of previous intravitreal aflibercept injections(IVAIs)on immediate intraocular pressure(IOP)increase and vitreous reflux(VR)rate and to evaluate the correlation of both age and axial length with immediate IOP increase and VR rate.●METHODS:This study included 105 patients with cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion,35 patients with diabetic macular edema,69 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),and 12 patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization,which underwent first-time IVAI.The correlation of immediate IOP increase and VR rates with the four background diseases was investigated.Moreover,the correlation of age with immediate IOP increase and VR rate as well as correlation of axial length with immediate IOP increase and VR rate were evaluated.Further,54 patients with nAMD were treated with IVAI>10 times(multiple IVAIs).Moreover,the correlation of immediate IOP increase and VR rates with first-time and multiple IVAIs in nAMD was determined.●RESULTS:The immediate IOP increase(P=0.16)and VR rates(P=0.50)were almost similar among the four background diseases.The immediate postinjection IOP and age,VR rate and age,immediate postinjection IOP and axial length,or VR rate and axial length were not correlated in the four background diseases.The immediate IOP increase(P=0.66)and VR rates(P=0.28)did not significantly differ between first-time and multiple IVAIs in nAMD.●CONCLUSION:Background diseases and number of previous IVAIs have no effect on immediate IOP increase and VR rate.Further,age and axial length have no correlation on immediate IOP increase and VR rate.
文摘AIM:To compare intraocular pressure(IOP)measured via the trans palpebral IOP(tp IOP)method using a Diaton or with a Goldman applanation tonometer(GAT)and study the determinants of IOP difference in eyes undergoing transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)for myopia.METHODS:This cross-sectional validation study was held in 2020 in an eye hospital in Saudi Arabia.IOP was measured by Diaton and GAT before treatment,after one week,and one month of TPRK.It is considered if IOP difference by Diaton and GAT was less than±2 mm Hg acceptable.The IOP difference was tested if correlated to spherical equivalent(SE),central corneal thickness(CCT),age,gender,or tp IOP.RESULTS:Totolly 200 myopic eyes of 100 patients were included in the study.The mean difference of IOP measured by two methods before TPRK,1wk,and 1mo after TPRK were 0.790,-0.790,and-0.920 mm Hg,respectively(P<0.001).Diaton could measure IOP effectively 89.5%eyes before TPRK and 82%and 84%at 1wk and 1mo after TPTK,respectively.At week 1,IOP differences were significantly correlated to baseline CCT(P=0.02)and tp IOP at week 1(P<0.001).One month after TPRK,only tp IOP was significantly correlated to the difference in IOP(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Diaton is a good screening tool for IOP before TPRK.It helps in monitoring IOP after surgery.Although more practical,it is less efficient than GAT.In eyes with high myopia and low tp IOP before surgery,IOP post-TPRK by Diaton and GAT could differ.
基金Supported by National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD) affiliated with the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (No.963660)。
文摘AIM:To determine the distribution and associated factors of intraocular pressure(IOP) in an Iranian elderly population 60 years of age and above.METHODS:The present report is part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye study(TGES),a population-based cross-sectional study that was conducted on the residents of Tehran 60 years of age and above.The sampling was performed using multistage stratified random cluster sampling methods from 22 districts of Tehran,Iran.Demographic and history information,blood samples,and blood pressure were collected from all participants.Ocular examinations included measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity,objective and subjective refraction,and slit-lamp biomicroscopy.The IOP was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT).Corneal imaging and ocular biometry were performed using Pentacam AXL.RESULTS:The data of 3892 eyes of 2124 individuals were analyzed for this report.The mean age of the study participants was 66.49±5.31y(range:60 to 95y).The mean IOP was 15.2 mm Hg(95%CI:15.1 to 15.4),15.3 mm Hg(95%CI:15.1 to 15.5) and 15.1 mm Hg(95%CI:15.0 to 15.3) in all participants,males,and females,respectively.Of the study participants,1.3% had an IOP of ≥20 mm Hg.The mean IOP increased from 15.1 mm Hg in the age group 60-64y to 16.3 mm Hg in the age group ≥80y.According to the final multiple GEE model,the IOP was statistically significantly higher in men than in women.All the studied age groups,except for the 75-79-year-old age group,had significantly higher IOP compared to the 60-64-year-old age group.The IOP was significantly higher in underweight compared to other body mass index groups.Moreover,the IOP had a statistically significant direct relationship with the mean corneal power(mean CP),central corneal thickness(CCT),and systolic blood pressure.CONCLUSION:The present study presents the distribution of IOP in an Iranian elderly population.A higher IOP(within the range 14 to 17 mm Hg) is significantly associated with older age,male sex,high systolic blood pressure,increased mean CP,and CCT.These factors should be considered in the clinical interpretation of IOP.
文摘·AIM:To investigate the efficacy of ripasudil,a Rho kinase inhibitor,in reducing intraocular pressure(IOP)and medication scores of anti-glaucoma drugs in patients with ocular hypertension with inflammation and corticosteroid.·METHODS:The study included 11 patients diagnosed with ocular hypertension with inflammation and corticosteroid,all of whom were prescribed ripasudil eye drops and followed up for at least 2y after the initiation of treatment.IOP was measured using a non-contact tonometer before enrollment and at each follow-up visit.The medication score of glaucoma eye drops was calculated for each patient.·RESULTS:The mean IOP(26.4±2.9 mm Hg before treatment)significantly decreased after ripasudil therapy(13.7±3.3 mm Hg at 3mo)and remained stable in the low-teens during the 2-year follow-up period(P<0.0001).A significant decrease in the medication score was observed at 12mo or later after the initiation of ripasudil therapy(P<0.05).Both baseline medication scores and glaucomatous optic disc change rates were significantly higher in the five eyes that required glaucoma surgery during the 2-year observation period than the 10 eyes that did not require surgery.·CONCLUSION:Our results demonstrate the efficacy of ripasudil,in reducing IOP and the medication score over a 2-year treatment period in patients with ocular hypertension with inflammation and corticosteroid.Our findings also suggest that ripasudil could reduce the IOP in uveitic glaucoma patients with both lower baseline medication score and lower glaucomatous optic disc change rate.
文摘AIM:To analyze the therapeutic effect of combined abinterno trabeculectomy and cataract surgery on intraocular pressure(IOP)levels in supine and sitting postures during a 24-hour IOP profile.METHODS:Twenty-six eyes of twenty-six patients receiving ab-interno trabeculectomy using electroablation of the trabecular meshwork combined with cataract surgery or stand-alone were included in this retrospective analysis.IOP change during 24-hour IOP profiles within two years postoperatively were analyzed for eyes receiving surgery(“study eyes”)and compared to fellow eyes,which had not received surgery.Clinical data including mean sitting IOP(siIOP),mean supine IOP(su IOP)and the number of topical antiglaucomatous medications(TAM)were extracted from patients’files.RESULTS:Preoperatively,si IOP was 17.6±5.3 mm Hg in study and 17.1±4.7 mm Hg in fellow eyes(P=0.347).Patients were treated with an average of 2.8±1.0 TAM.Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was significantly worse in study eyes(P<0.001),visual field function was marginally not significantly dif ferent(P=0.057).Af ter surger y 9.6±6.8 mo,study eyes had a mean si IOP of 14.5±3.6 mm Hg(IOP reduction:-3.2 mm Hg,P=0.009),a mean su IOP of 18.0±3.5 mm Hg,and an average of 1.3±1.34 TAM(P<0.001),while in fellow eyes,mean si IOP was 16.2±3.4 mm Hg and mean su IOP was 20.5±5.1 mm Hg.Postoperatively,the relative IOP increase between sitting and supine postures was approximately 30%in both study and fellow eyes(P=0.99).CONCLUSION:IOP after ab-interno trabeculectomy shows a comparable relative reduction in both supine and sitting position.Classical trabeculectomy is known to lower su IOP overproportionally.
基金Supported by the Xi’an Science and Technology Plan Project(No.21YXYJ0044)the Research Incubaiton of Xi’an People’s Hospital(Xi’an Fourth Hospital,No.BS-2)。
文摘Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to present an unusual case of orbital inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)diagnosed due to high intraocular pressure(IOP).IMT is a rare mesenchymal,low-grade malignant or borderline tumor,composed of differentiated myofibroblastic spindle cells,often accompanied by plasma cells and lymphocyte infiltration[1].The onset in most patients is insidious.
基金a DFG(German Research Foundation)Grant(HO 3277/2-1)。
文摘AIM:To investigate short-and long-term intraocular pressure(IOP)fluctuations and fur ther ocular and demographic parameters as predictors for normal tension glaucoma(NTG)progression.METHODS:This retrospective,longitudinal cohort study included 137 eyes of 75 patients with NTG,defined by glaucomatous optic disc or visual field defect with normal IOP(<21 mm Hg),independently from therapy regimen.IOP fluctuation,mean,and maximum were inspected with a mean follow-up of 38 mo[standard deviation(SD)18 mo].Inclusion criteria were the performance of minimum two 48-hour profiles including perimetry,Heidelberg retina tomograph(HRT)imaging,and optic disc photographs.The impact of IOP parameters,myopia,sex,cup-to-disc-ratio,and visual field results on progression of NTG were analyzed using Cox regression models.A sub-group analysis with results from optical coherence tomography(OCT)was performed.RESULTS:IOP fluctuations,average,and maximum were not risk factors for progression in NTG patients,although maximum IOP at the initial IOP profile was higher in eyes with progression than in eyes without progression(P=0.054).The 46/137(33.5%)eyes progressed over the followup period.Overall progression(at least three progression confirmations)occurred in 28/137 eyes(20.4%).Most progressions were detected by perimetry(36/46).Longterm IOP mean over all pressure profiles was 12.8 mm Hg(SD 1.3 mm Hg);IOP fluctuation was 1.4 mm Hg(SD 0.8 mm Hg).The progression-free five-year rate was 58.2%(SD 6.5%).CONCLUSION:Short-and long-term IOP fluctuations do not result in progression of NTG.As functional changes are most likely to happen,NTG should be monitored with visual field testing more often than with other devices.
文摘AIM:To compare the intraocular pressure(IOP)peaks and fluctuations using water drinking tests(WDTs)and mean diurnal IOP among Filipino patients with normal eyes and glaucoma suspectsMETHODS:This prospective study included normal and glaucoma suspect patients.Each patient underwent both WDT and mean diurnal examination on separate visits.For mean diurnal examination,IOP was recorded every 2 h for 8 h while in WDT,IOP was recorded prior to WDT,and postWDT at 5,15,30,45,and 60 min.IOP peak was recorded as the highest IOP for both methods,and IOP fluctuation was recorded as highest IOP minus lowest IOP.RESULTS:With the comparison of diagnostic tests,both normal eyes and glaucoma suspect groups,the peak IOP was caught at 15 min.Comparative analysis of both groups also showed that the peak IOP measurements were statistically higher for the WDT compared to mean diurnal IOP(P=0.039,P=0.048 under normal group and P=0.032 and P=0.031 under glaucoma suspect group).Similarly,the WDT had a statistically higher mean IOP fluctuation score than the mean diurnal IOP method in both groups(P=0.003,P=0.011 under normal group;P=0.002 and P=0.005 under glaucoma suspect group).CONCLUSION:This study shows that WDT is a comparable diagnostic exam in predicting IOP fluctuations than mean diurnal measurement.WDT is a promising diagnostic procedure for risk assessment in glaucoma.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670851)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the precision of digital intraocular pressure(IOP)measurement in silicone oil(SO)filled eyes during vitrectomy.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-blind study.Patients who were diagnosed with retinal detachment and scheduled for vitrectomy with SO injection were consecutively enrolled.During the vitrectomy,IOP was digitally measured and then by a rebound tonometer(Icare PRO).The rebound tonometer readings were masked to the surgeons.The digitally measured IOP and that of rebound tonometer were compared,and the inter-methods agreement was assessed.The absolute deviation in IOP values between these two methods(△IOP)was also calculated,and correlations between△IOP and refractive status,lens status and levels of surgeons’experience were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 131 patients(131 eyes)were recruited,with a mean age of 51.0±16.1 y.There was no significant difference in IOPs between digital measurement and the rebound tonometer(15.6±4.3 vs 15.7±5.1 mm Hg;t=0.406,P=0.686).Intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC)analysis indicated a strong correlation between these two measurements(ICC=0.830,P<0.001).The mean△IOP was 2.0±1.9 mm Hg(range:0-12.8 mm Hg),with 98 eyes(74.8%)had the△IOP within 3 mm Hg.△IOP was found to be negatively correlated with levels of surgeons’experience(r=-0.183;P=0.037),but not with the refractive status or lens status of the patients(both P>0.05).CONCLUSION:For experienced surgeons,the digital IOP measurement may be an acceptable technique for IOP measurement in SO filled eyes during vitrectomy.However,its use by inexperienced surgeons should be taken with caution.
文摘AIM: To compare the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PXG). METHODS: A retrospective comparative case series conducted at the Glaucoma Department at the Association to Prevent Blindness in Mexico. The study enrolled consecutive patients having phacoemulsification with intraocular lens(IOL) implantation and a diagnosis of POAG or PXG. Data about IOP values and number of glaucoma medications used was collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 mo postoperatively. RESULTS: The study enrolled 88 patients(88 eyes). After phacoemulsification, there was a statistically significant reduction in IOP values and glaucoma medications use compared to baseline in both POAG and PXG patients(P<0.001). In the POAG group, a 20% decrease in IOP values was evidenced, and a 56.5% reduction in the number of medications used at the one-year follow-up. The PXG group showed a 20.39%, and a 34.46% decrease in IOP and number of medications used, respectively. A significant difference in the mean ΔIOP(postoperative changes in IOP) was evidenced between groups(P=0.005). The reduction of the postsurgical IOP mean values in both groups, the POAG group showed a greater reduction in IOP values compared to the PXG group.CONCLUSION: In both types of glaucoma, phacoemulsification cataract surgery can result in a significant IOP reduction(20%) over a 12 mo follow-up period. The number of medications used is also significantly reduced up to 12 mo after surgery, especially in the PXG group.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the impact of central corneal thickness(CCT) and corneal curvature on intraocular pressure(IOP) measurements performed by three different tonometers. METHODS: IOP in 132 healthy eyes of 66 participants was measured using three different tonometry techniques: Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT), Pascal dynamic contour tonometer(DCT), and ICare rebound tonometer(RT). CCT and corneal curvature were assessed. RESULTS: In healthy eyes, DCT presents significantly higher values of IOP than GAT(17.34±3.69 and 15.27±4.06 mm Hg, P<0.0001). RT measurements are significantly lower than GAT(13.56±4.33 mm Hg, P<0.0001). Compared with GAT, DCT presented on average 2.51 mm Hg higher values in eyes with CCT<600 μm and 0.99 mm Hg higher results in eyes with CCT≥600 μm. The RT results were lower on average by 1.61 and 1.95 mm Hg than those obtained by GAT, respectively. Positive correlations between CCT in eyes with CCT<600 μm were detected for all IOP measurement techniques, whereas a similar relationship was not observed in eyes with thicker corneas. A correlation between IOP values and keratometry in the group with CCT<600 μm was not detected with any of the tonometry methods. In thicker corneas, a positive correlation was found for GAT and mean keratometry values(R=0.369, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The same method should always be chosen for routine IOP control, and measurements obtained by different methods cannot be compared. All analysed tonometry methods are dependent on CCT;thus, CCT should be taken into consideration for both diagnostics and monitoring.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ17H120007)Zhejiang Province Health Innovation Talents Project(No.2016025)+2 种基金Wenzhou Science and Technology Project(No.Y20160449)Wenzhou Medical University Research Fund(No.QTJ13009)the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Research Fund(No.YNKT201302)。
文摘AIM:To investigate fluctuation of intraocular pressure(IOP)and seasonal variation of 24-hour IOP during one year in healthy participantsMETHODS:Totally 13 young healthy volunteers participated in this study.IOP was measured with Canon TX-20 at about 8:00-9:00 a.m.from Monday to Friday every week for a whole year.They also underwent 24-hour IOP examination every three months.Blood pressure,heart rate,temperature,humidity,atmosphere pressure,sunshine duration and other environment parameters were recorded.RESULTS:The yearly fluctuation curve showed IOP in the summer months were lower than other seasons.In the multivariable generalized estimating equation analysis,IOP had a negative correlation with both temperature and sunshine duration(P<0.05).There also was a seasonal effect on 24-hour IOP.However,all intraclass correlation coefficients values of minimum,maximum and average of the 24-hour IOP and each individual IOP were less than 0.30.CONCLUSION:IOP is trend to be higher in cold days than warm days.IOP have negative association with both environmental temperature and duration of sunshine.On a season-to-season basis,24-hour IOP is not highly reproducible in healthy volunteers.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300765)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the intraocular pressure(IOP) control of an artificial trabeculum drainage system(ATDS), a newly designed glaucoma drainage device, and postoperative complications in normal rabbit eyes. METHODS: Pressure drops in air and fluid of 30 ATDS were measured after being connected to a closed manometric system. Twenty of them were then chosen and implanted randomly into the eyes of 20 rabbits. Postoperative slitlamp, gonioscopic examination and IOP measurements were recorded periodically. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and B-scan ultrasonography were also used to observe the complications. Eyes were enucleated on day 60. RESULTS: Pressure drops of 4.6-9.4 mm Hg were obtained at physiological aqueous flow rates in the tests in vitro. The average postoperative IOP of the experimental eyes(11.6-12.8 mm Hg) was lower than the controls significantly(P<0.05) at each time point. Complications of hemorrhage(n=1), cellulosic exudation(two cases) and local iris congestion(two cases) were observed. The lumina of the devices were devoid of obstructions in all specimens examined and a thin fibrous capsule was found around the endplate. CONCLUSION: ATDS reduce IOP effectively. However, further studies on the structure are needed to reduce complications.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81570841)
文摘AIM:To conduct a Meta-analysis for investigating the variations in intraocular pressure(IOP) and central corneal thickness(CCT) during normal pregnancy.METHODS:We searched for clinical trials published up to November 2015 without language or region restrictions in Pub Med,EMBASE,Web of Science,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Ovid,EBSCO,Elsevier,the Chinese Biomedicine Database,Wan Fang,CNKI,CQVIP and Google Scholar.Studies of the ocular changes observed in pregnant women were selected.The main outcomes were assessed by changes in IOP and CCT.RESULTS:Fifteen studies were included.In subgroup analyses,IOP was significantly decreased during the second MD=-1.53,95%CI(-2.19,-0.87);P<0.00001,and third MD=-2.91,95%CI(-3.74,-2.08);P<0.00001 trimesters of pregnancy.CCT was increased during the second MD=10.12,95%CI(2.01,18.22);P=0.01,trimester of pregnancy;moreover,during the third trimester of pregnancy,the CCT displayed an increasing trend,but the difference was not significant MD=5.98,95%CI(-1.11,13.07);P=0.1.CONCLUSION:A decrease in IOP is accompanied by an increase in CCT in the second and third trimesters of a normal pregnancy in women.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the ocular outcomes and to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying intraocular pressure(IOP)change following the head-down tilt(HDT)test.METHODS:The study included 21 participants at the Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital.Subjects received the test of I-care tonometry,enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and heart rate variability(HRV)analysis before and after 15 min HDT test.The lumen area of Schlemm’s canal(SCAR),IOP,HRV were calculated.RESULTS:IOP increased significantly after 20°head down position from 14.0±3.0 to 17.0±3.3 mm Hg(P<0.001).SCAR decreased from 13449.0±5454.9μm^(2) at sitting condition to 9576.6±4130.9μm^(2) post 15 min HDT test.High frequency(HF)indices increased significantly from 1462±865 Hz at baseline to 2128±824 Hz.Heart rate(HR)decreased significantly from 76±11.48 to 70±11.52 bpm after the HDT.The linear regression analysis showed that the difference of HF and SCAR significantly correlated with each other during the HDT(R^(2)=20%,P=0.04).CONCLUSION:These outcomes perform the first evidence of the activation of autonomic nervous system of HDT may cause the collapse of Schlemm’s canal lumen,which in turn leading to the increased IOP.
基金funded by Koureisha Ganshikkan Kenkyu Zaidan in Japan
文摘AIM: To determine the relationship between the subfoveal choroidal thickness(CT) and intraocular pressure(IOP) following idiopathic epiretinal membrane(ERM) surgery.METHODS: Retrospective observational case series of patients who had undergone 23-gauge vitrectomy for an ERM. The measurements of CT and IOP were done at the baseline and 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after the surgery.RESULTS: Forty-four eyes of 43 patients with a mean age of 69.8±9.5 y were studied. The CT was 200.8±86.3 μm at the baseline, 210.1±83.5 μm at 1 d, 213.2±85.4 μm at 1 wk, 203.1±84.0 μm at 1 mo, 197.5±85.5 μm at 3 mo, 197.7±84.0 μm at 6 mo, and 191.2±86.8 μm at 12 mo after surgery. The CT on day 1 and week 1 after the surgery was significantly thicker than that at the baseline CT(P=0.0023 and P<0.0001). The CT at 12 mo after surgery was significantly thinner than the baseline(P=0.0062). The IOP on day 1 and week 1 were significantly lower than the baseline(P<0.0001 and P=0.0042). The IOP at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after surgery were significantly higher than the baseline IOP(P=0.0087, P=0.0023, P<0.00051, and P<0.0001). The rates of changes in the CT between baseline and day 1 and week 1 were significantly and negatively correlated with the rates of change in the IOP(P<0.0001 and P=0.046). In the group with the IOP change rate of-30% or less at 1 d postoperatively, the change rate of CT was-21.1% to 31.2%(9.8%±12.4%) and in the group of-29% or more, it was-8.9% to 28.0%(2.6%±8.9%). The change rate of CT in the group with the IOP change rate of-30% or less was significantly higher than the group of-29% or more(P=0.016).CONCLUSION: CT increases soon after the ERM surgery which is probably due to the transient hypotony, showing that IOP may be a significant confounding factor for CT.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273807)Key Projects of Graduate Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(No.CX2017B434+5 种基金No.CX2017B426)Projects of Hunan Educational Research Foundation(No.17C1221)225 Engineering Project of High Lever Health Professionals of Hunan ProvinceKey Discipline Project of Ophthalmology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of State Administration of TCMKey Discipline Project of Otorhinolaryngology of TCM of Hunan ProvinceHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2017TP1018)
文摘The study investigated the effects of Qingguang'an Ⅱ(a Chinese medicinal preparation) on expressions of OX42 protein and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) mRNA of retinal microglia cells of rats with chronic high intraocular pressure(IOP). SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, that were: A: blank group; B: model group; C: Qingguang'an Ⅱ low dose group; D: Qingguang'an Ⅱ medium dose group; E: Qingguang'an Ⅱ high dose group; F: Yimaikang disket(a Chinese medicinal preparation) group. Experimental rats in B, C, D, E, F groups were established the model of chronic high IOP by cauterizing of superficial scleral vein. Tissues of eyes were obtained after intragastric administration for 2 and 4 wk. At the time-point of 2 wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in group B were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with other groups(P<0.05). Moreover, at the time-point of 4 wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C, D and E were statistically expressed in lower level comparing with group F(P<0.05). Besides, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with group E(P<0.05). OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were expressed in similar level(P>0.05). The study indicated that, in the protection of optic nerve of rats with chronic high IOP, the high dose of Qingguang'an Ⅱ at the time-point of 4 wk was the better choice.
文摘AIM: To assess the effect of lens status on sustained intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation in patients treated intravitreally with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) agents. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected for all patients treated with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medication at a tertiary medical center in July 2015. Findings were analyzed by lens status during 6 months' follow-up. The main outcome measure was a sustained increase in IOP(≥21 mm Hg or change of ≥6 mm Hg from baseline on ≥2 consecutive visits, or addition of a new IOPlowering medication during follow-up). RESULTS: A total of 119 eyes of 100 patients met the study criteria: 40 phakic, 40 pseudophakic, and 39 pseudophakic after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. The rate of sustained IOP elevation was significantly higher in the postcapsulotomy group(23.1%) than in the phakic/pseudophakic groups(8.1%;P=0.032), with no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups in mean number of injections, either total(P=0.82) or by type of anti-VEGF mediation(bevacizumab: P=0.19;ranibizumab: P=0.13), or mean follow-up time(P=0.70). CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG capsulotomy appears to be a risk factor for sustained IOP elevation in patients receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. This finding has important implications given the growing use of anti-VEGF treatment and the irreversible effects of elevated IOP.
