As part of the drive to improve coffee and cocoa production in Ivory Coast, studies are carried out to identify soils that are favourable for these crops. It is therefore necessary to orientate soil investigations bas...As part of the drive to improve coffee and cocoa production in Ivory Coast, studies are carried out to identify soils that are favourable for these crops. It is therefore necessary to orientate soil investigations based on reliable criteria that best discriminate soil cover. With this in mind, this study is being carried out to help improve survey methods by mapping soil landscapes. It uses GIS and weighted multicriteria analysis. To do this, satellite images were processed and the geological map of the square degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa was reclassified. The results show that relief is the main factor in soil landscape differentiation, with respective weights of 0.58 and 0.67 for the forest and pre-forest zones. In contrast, the weight of geological formation in soil landscape differentiation remains low (0.05 for the forest zone and 0.07 for the pre-forest zone). The criteria used on the base of aggregation sum methods have made it possible to formulate soil landscape mapping prediction functions according to agro-ecological environments in the humid intertropical zone. This is essential for the orientation of soil survey work. Nevertheless, other comparative methods, such as the coding mapping method, could provide elements for discussion to validate the models.展开更多
The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED<sub>10</sub> for a batch of 83 birds, ED<sub>20<...The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED<sub>10</sub> for a batch of 83 birds, ED<sub>20</sub> (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCD (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to Tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgMS of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the ED<sub>10</sub>, ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCD ration were significantly higher than those of the ED10 and ED<sub>20</sub> (p 0.05). ADGs were significantly different and decreasing from CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of ED<sub>20</sub> had reached and exceeded that of CCD by day 42nd. PSLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of ED<sub>10</sub> ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCD ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production that is more appreciated than that of chickens fed conventional feed. As it stands, the ED<sub>20</sub> ration can be recommended as a growth diet for broilers. It would be necessary to determine the levels of anti-nutritional substances in mango feeds and to assess the in vivo digestibility of mango ingredients and the diets incorporating them.展开更多
In Côte d’Ivoire, the decline in soil fertility strongly impacts the productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) on heavily leached ferralitic soil. In this study, the general objective was therefore to improve the prod...In Côte d’Ivoire, the decline in soil fertility strongly impacts the productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) on heavily leached ferralitic soil. In this study, the general objective was therefore to improve the productivity of maize EV87-28 on the Ferralsols in pre-forested areas during different cropping seasons. Eight (8) micro-plots were set up according to a total randomization device with three repetitions. Two factors were studied: nitrogen fertilizer modalities (main factor) and crop season (secondary factor). Growth, flowering and yield parameters were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there was no interaction between the nitrogen fertilizer factor and the cropping season factor. In addition, this study showed the short rainy season had the most positive impact on growth, flowering and yield parameters than the long rainy season. The results also showed that the different nitrogen fertilizer modalities had no statistically different effects on growth, flowering and yield parameters. However, quantitative differences were reported, highlighting one nitrogen fertilizer modality, which is the combination of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure). The combination of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure) had the best effect on corn grain yield. So, the combination of urea (75%) and manure (25%), that resulted in yield gain, could be recommended for corn fertilization during the small rainy season.展开更多
Background: Congenital malformations such as micropenis and cryptorchidism do not have immediate dramatic consequences. However, the diagnosis is often unknown at birth, and therefore late. In Ivory Coast, there are f...Background: Congenital malformations such as micropenis and cryptorchidism do not have immediate dramatic consequences. However, the diagnosis is often unknown at birth, and therefore late. In Ivory Coast, there are few studies on cryptorchidism and micropenis. We conducted this study to identify the epidemiological, clinical, etiological and therapeutic characteristics of the micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism at Yopougon University Hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study in the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology of the Yopougon University Hospital carried out over 13 years from January 2005 to December 2018. All patients were included regardless of the presence of a micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism in the clinical or paraclinical examination. Results: A total of 14 micropenis were reported associated in 6 cases with cryptorchidism. It was unilateral cryptorchidism in 4 patients or 66.66% of cases. The average age of affected patients was 21.32 years with extremes ranging from 10 months to 48 years. The reason for consultation was micropenis in 12 out of 14 cases or 85.75%. The associated signs apart from cryptorchidism were obesity in 42.86% of cases, gynecomastia in 35.71% of cases. The aetiology was dominated by idiopathic causes. Treatment with testosterone enanthate was more effective in pre-pubertal children than in adults. Conclusion: The diagnosis of micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism is late because of the frustrations, taboos and psycho-social states that it causes. However, drug treatment is effective when treatment is started early.展开更多
The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building h...The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.展开更多
This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosph...This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha<sup>−1</sup>) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha<sup>−1</sup> for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>, 34 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
Cardiovascular complications during hyperthyroidism are dominated by arrhythmias, heart failure and coronary heart disease. Pericardial effusion which is a common complication of hypothyroidism is extremely rare in hy...Cardiovascular complications during hyperthyroidism are dominated by arrhythmias, heart failure and coronary heart disease. Pericardial effusion which is a common complication of hypothyroidism is extremely rare in hyperthyroidism. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman admitted for management of pleuro-pericarditis associated with atrial fibrillation in the context of cardiothyreosis. The treatment consisted of a pericardial puncture associated with synthetic anti-thyroid drugs and anti-tuberculosis drugs with positive clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.展开更多
Context/Objective: Few studies have been carried out in a country with high endemicity for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa looking for the association of intestinal metaplasia (IM) with...Context/Objective: Few studies have been carried out in a country with high endemicity for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa looking for the association of intestinal metaplasia (IM) with chronic gastritis. We hypothesize that IM is correlated with the intensity of H. pylori infection in a country with high endemicity, Ivory Coast. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in chronic H. pylori gastritis in Ivory Coast. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out over a period of 5 months, in the reference hospital centers of Abidjan, specialized in Gastroenterology. All patients who had undergone Gastroscopy with biopsies according to the criteria of the Sydney System for the anatomopathological study, those with chronic gastritis and/or H. pylori intestinal metaplasia on histology and in whom all the parameters of the Sydney system classification had been well informed. The quantitative variables were expressed by their means accompanied by their standard deviations and the qualitative variables by their numbers and percentages. Chi-square and Fischer tests were used to look for associations between variables. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: 152 patients were retained. The mean age was 44.9 ± 12.9 years. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 11.8%. In univariate analysis, no significant association was found between clinical and pathological sociodemographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, profession) and intestinal metaplasia in chronic Helicobacter pylori gastric cases. In multivariate analysis we found that prolonged use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and a history of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) were significantly associated with the absence of IM. Conclusion: Chronic H. pylori gastritis is the main risk factor for intestinal metaplasia. Prolonged use of PPIs and a history of GERD were significantly identified as factors that would protect against intestinal metaplasia.展开更多
This study aims to characterize the climatic variability in the South-East of Ivory Coast and to show its impact on the supply of water resources. To do this, statistical and hydrological methods were applied to clima...This study aims to characterize the climatic variability in the South-East of Ivory Coast and to show its impact on the supply of water resources. To do this, statistical and hydrological methods were applied to climatic data collected at the Marc DELORME Research Station of the CNRA. The statistical trend tests on this data revealed a significant decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature, insolation and evaporation. Statistical break methods indicate a rainfall break in 1982 which marks a modification of the rainfall regime thus translating a drop in rainfall of 15%, a recession in the frequency of rainy days in general and in particular in rainfall heights between 10 and 30 mm and greater than 50 mm. This break is accompanied by a shortening of the rainy seasons, with average rainfall durations ranging from 54 days (short rainy season) to 104 days (great rainy season). Despite the disturbances in the different seasons of the year, the monthly rainfall regimes in the area have not changed. The assessment of the effects of drought on water resources using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for three-time scales (1 month, 3 months and 12 months) indicates a severe drought ranging from 3% to 7% over the period 1961 to 2018. However, despite the presence of this severe drought, the intensity of the drought was found to be moderate on all time scales. The Thorrnthwaite method was used to highlight the impacts of this climatic variability on the region’s water resources. The average annual recharge estimated at 402 mm, has been reduced to 153 mm during a deficit period, a decrease of about 62%. The average annual runoff, which was 294 mm, fells to 257 mm, a decrease of about 13%. This recorded decrease in the water infiltrated after the rainfall break (1983-2018), explains the heterogeneous decrease in the depth of the water table.展开更多
Background: Diabetic foot is a frequent complication of diabetes, of multifactorial origin, associating nervous and/or circulatory disorders to which infection is often added. Its care is multidisciplinary and require...Background: Diabetic foot is a frequent complication of diabetes, of multifactorial origin, associating nervous and/or circulatory disorders to which infection is often added. Its care is multidisciplinary and requires coordination between different actors. In this context, arterial doppler ultrasound is essential in the diagnosis of diabetic arteriopathy and participates in therapeutic decision-making. The aim of this study was to describe the abnormalities found on Doppler ultrasonography of patients hospitalized for the diabetic foot in the Ivory Coast. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study including 235 patients hospitalized for the diabetic foot in the Endocrinology department of the Yopougon University Hospital from February 2002 to December 2015. All records of patients who performed arterial Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs were selected and the various abnormalities were described. Results: The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.1 (124 men to 111 women). The predominant age group was 61.2 years. Type 2 diabetes was found in 97.4% of cases. The average evolution of diabetes was 8.9 years with extremes of 1 and 32 years. Wet gangrene was the most common type of lesion found in 75.8% of cases. On ultrasonography, 98.7% of the patients had an arterial abnormality of the lower limbs. It was bilateral in 62.2% of cases, dominated by atheromatous overloads and mediacalcosis in 46.4% and 43.8% of cases, respectively. Arterial stenosis was lesions hemodynamically found in 76.3% of cases and arterial occlusions in 32.7% of cases. The amputation rate was 72.7%. Conclusion: This study shows the high frequency of arterial abnormalities in patients with the diabetic foot with a predominantly distal involvement. Arterial Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs remains an essential tool in the care of diabetic foot. This easily accessible, non-invasive examination has a key role in therapeutic decision-making.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The p...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The prevalence of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased so it’s becoming a global public health problem. This problem is also threatening in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) country including Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast is a country of 22.6 million people experiencing rapid economic development and social change. All development is typically associated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Our study</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of the major risk factors of NCDs among the population of Cocody, Abobo and Yocoboué in the Ivory Coast. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and involved 1146 adults of 19 to 60 years from general population in Cocody (urban), Abob (peri-urban) and Yocoboué (rural). The WHO STEPS risk </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">factor survey has been changed a bit and was administered. it contains anthropometric and biochemical measures</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The prevalence of NCD risk factors was markedly different across the three sites particularly between urban (Cocody) and rural (Yocoboué) areas. The overall prevalence estimates of the risk factors were 15.2% for current smoking, 57.71% for harmful use of alcohol, 58.84% for low physical activity, 24.71% for sedentariness (sitting at least 7 h), 69.45% for skipping breakfast, 61% for having late dinner and 36% for snacking. Concerning biological risk factor we noticed 40.95% for Overweight/obesity, 52.96% for abdominal obesity, 14.61% for raised blood pressure, 23.37% for raised blood sugar and 18.51 low HDL-C. Being female has an important associated with an increased risk for having abdominal obesity (OR: 25.7) and being overweight or obese (OR: 11.3), suffering from hypertension increased with age, 30 - 39 years (OR 8.45), 40 - 49 years (OR 13.4) and 50 years and above (OR 24.6). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Adult residents in the two </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Urban and peri-urban) of three different areas are developing high-risk </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NCDs, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">particularly Cocody’s population. At the end, we observed among partici</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pants that the female gender, living in urban areas and clustering are the most concerned by non-communicable disease risk factors. To reach the goal, preventive and therapeutic interventions are needed among the targeted population.</span></span>展开更多
The objective of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the statistical models regarding the size of samples. The study carried out in Ivory Coast is based on annual maximum daily rainfall data collected from 26 ...The objective of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the statistical models regarding the size of samples. The study carried out in Ivory Coast is based on annual maximum daily rainfall data collected from 26 stations. The methodological approach is based on the statistical modeling of maximum daily rainfall. Adjustments were made on several sample sizes and several return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years). The main results have shown that the 30 years series (1931-1960;1961-1990;1991-2020) are better adjusted by the Gumbel (26.92% - 53.85%) and Inverse Gamma (26.92% - 46.15%). Concerning the 60-years series (1931-1990;1961-2020), they are better adjusted by the Inverse Gamma (30.77%), Gamma (15.38% - 46.15%) and Gumbel (15.38% - 42.31%). The full chronicle 1931-2020 (90 years) presents a notable supremacy of 50% of Gumbel model over the Gamma (34.62%) and Gamma Inverse (15.38%) model. It is noted that the Gumbel is the most dominant model overall and more particularly in wet periods. The data for periods with normal and dry trends were better fitted by Gamma and Inverse Gamma.展开更多
Introduction: Rabies is endemic and constitutes a public health problem in Côte d’Ivoire. In the health districts of Kong and Ferkessedougou, exposure to rabies infection reported by the National Institute o...Introduction: Rabies is endemic and constitutes a public health problem in Côte d’Ivoire. In the health districts of Kong and Ferkessedougou, exposure to rabies infection reported by the National Institute of Public Hygiene of Ferkessedougou averages 200 cases per year. However, in the involvement of health workers from First Contact Health Establishments (FCHE) of the 2 Districts, the management of exposed persons is unknown. This study aimed to determine the involvement of healthcare personnel in FCHE in the health districts of Ferkessedougou and Kong in the elimination of human rabies. Material and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim which took place from October 21, 2020 to November 20, 2020. The data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed with the software EXCEL and Epi Info 3.5.3. Principle Results: It emerged from this study that the average age of the participants was 36.8 years with an average professional seniority of 5.07 years. The majority (73.90%) of healthcare staff have not received training on rabies. However, plenty of healthcare personnel respectively experienced the transmission of the rabies virus from animals to humans (98.60%), with dogs (97.10%) as the main animal vector of rabies to man, the bite (100%) as the way of contamination of rabies, the immediate washing with water and soap (66.70%), the administration of the anti-rabies vaccine (75.4%), the National Institute of Public Hygiene as a reference structure (63.8%). At the level of practices after exposure to rabies infection, the majority (65.2%) of the healthcare staff consulted the patients, of whom 84.4% and 95.6% of these consultants respectively carried out communication for social change and behavior and referred patients to the National Institute of Public Hygiene (p Conclusion: Some health workers did not have the necessary knowledge to care for people exposed to rabies infection. Thus, they were not all involved in post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies. It would therefore be desirable for the National Institute of Public Hygiene to strengthen the capacities for the prevention of rabies for all human health workers, particularly those in first contact health establishments with a view to eliminating this disease from here in 2030.展开更多
The mining company Sama Nickel-CI during its exploration activities in the Bounta area (Biankouma department, western Côte d’Ivoire) identified rocks with magmatic and metamorphic characteristics of felsic t...The mining company Sama Nickel-CI during its exploration activities in the Bounta area (Biankouma department, western Côte d’Ivoire) identified rocks with magmatic and metamorphic characteristics of felsic to mafic compositions mineralized in sulfide but unknown in the region. Thus, the petrographic characterization of these rocks of Bounta as well as the sulfides they contain, was carried out from macroscopic to microscopic observations. Petrographic analysis of these rocks has shown that these rocks are trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) suites, composed of the main minerals (quartz, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, feldspar) and accessory minerals (biotite, garnet) with magmatic textures supplanted by metamorphic textures. They were set up by fractional crystallization and would be products of Archean crustal anatexis formed from the partial melting of basaltic protocrust during the Liberian orogeny. The Bounta’s series of trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) contain speckles of sulfide (pyrite and pyrrhotite) which are disseminated in places and are relatively abundant, as well as iron oxides (magnetite) which are of low proportion.展开更多
The aim of this study is to describe the manifestations of abuse of women in childbirth. The techniques and tools for collecting data are documentary research, observation, questionnaire and interview. The study was b...The aim of this study is to describe the manifestations of abuse of women in childbirth. The techniques and tools for collecting data are documentary research, observation, questionnaire and interview. The study was based on a sample of 72 people determined according to the method of reasoned choice. As for data analysis, the method of processing is qualitative and quantitative. In terms of results, it should be noted that the average age of women in childbirth is 23 and those aged 16 - 24 represent the largest segment of the survey population. Most of these women are illiterate or drop out very early. They belong to several religious communities and are of various nationalities. Regarding the manifestations of mistreatment, we retain that they are of several types the most significant of which are verbal abuse, physical abuse, neglect and psychological abuse. These abuses have taken place for some women at their first or last delivery, at all their deliveries or at a single delivery. In general, young women between the ages of 16 and 25 are the most victims of mistreatment in childbirth. Various authors are at the origin of the mistreatment of women in childbirth. They are young midwives often single and childless.展开更多
Ivory Coast is a country rich in base metals and precious minerals: gold, manganese, diamond, iron, bauxite, cobalt and nickel. These natural resources are exposed to destruction and fragmentation by mining activities...Ivory Coast is a country rich in base metals and precious minerals: gold, manganese, diamond, iron, bauxite, cobalt and nickel. These natural resources are exposed to destruction and fragmentation by mining activities. The artisanal and small-scale exploitation of gold are increasingly practiced in our rural areas. These activities escape often in the control and monitoring of the mining administration. In order to better constrain these activities on the environment, the present work used remote sensing imageries to see its spatio-temporal impacts in the rural world in central Ivory Coast. The results show that gold artisanal activities have been practiced since 2013 and are experiencing an increasingly important growth. We note a devastation of forests and savannahs, a pollution of surface water, as well as an increase in poverty in rural areas. These activities are practiced near habited areas (villages). This creates a reduction of cultivatable soil. Remote sensing imageries make it possible to quickly map areas at large-scale gold mining in time and space.展开更多
Renal biopsy is an invasive procedure used to evaluate the activity and the therapeutic management of kidney disease and kidney transplantation. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, cl...Renal biopsy is an invasive procedure used to evaluate the activity and the therapeutic management of kidney disease and kidney transplantation. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of kidney disease diagnosed by biopsy in the Ivory Coast. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and prospective study conducted between January 2015 and December 2018 in the Department of Anatomy and Cytology of the Pathology of Cocody (Abidjan) and Bouake. Specimens were obtained from the nephrology department of Ivory Coast and from teaching hospitals in Togo, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Mali. Samples were analyzed according to standard renal biopsy procedures. One kidney fragment was fixed in acetic acid formalin (AAF) for optical microscopy examination. The other fragment, soaked in physiological water, was immediately sent for immunofluorescence examination. All renal pathologies were included in this study. The study parameters were frequency, age, sex, origin, occupation, clinical and biological signs, and pathological aspects with optical microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Results: 153 cases (2.23%) of kidney biopsies were examined on a total of 10,573 specimens. Ivory Coast specimens accounted for 91.5% of cases (n = 140). Nephrotic syndrome (49%) was the most common clinical sign and indication for renal biopsy, followed by acute renal failure (16.3%), chronic renal failure (19.6%), and a combination of chronic renal failure with hypertension (11.18%) and glomerulonephritis (4%). Mean proteinuria was 3.03 g/24h (range, 0.14 to 11.5 g/24h). Histologically, 90.8% (n = 139) were glomerular nephropathies, including 26.6% HIV-associated nephropathy, 17.3% focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 13.6% nephroangiosclerosis, 11.5% post-infectious glomerulonephritis, 9.3% membranous glomerulonephritis, and 21.6% miscellaneous glomerular nephropathies (n = 30). The incidence of various tubulo-interstitial lesions was 9.2% (n = 14). Conclusion: Glomerular nephropathies represent the most important renal diseases. Young people are most commonly affected with a high prevalence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy.展开更多
Most of the Ivorian areas designated as protected were trickled in for various agricultural activities. For these last few decades, the situation worsened in Ivory Coast because these protected areas were not guarded ...Most of the Ivorian areas designated as protected were trickled in for various agricultural activities. For these last few decades, the situation worsened in Ivory Coast because these protected areas were not guarded during the armed conflict of the years 2002-2011. The objective of this study is to assess the condition in which the floristic diversity of the National park of Marahoué (NPM) is after the armed conflicts of the years 2000. To achieve our purpose, a sampling has been conducted along five transects that go through different environments: inner the park, the edge of the park and the non-domanial property. A 20 × 20 m plot square has been settled in each of these environments along each transect and each one separated from one another by 200 m. Four (4) other pilots plots of 20 × 20 m have been built up inside the park, relatively in the protected areas. Regarding these surveys, 303 plant species have been identified among which the most important are Fabaceae (6.27%), Euphorbiaceae (5.28%) and Rubiaceae (5.28%) families. Twenty-four (24) species have a particular status according to the International Union for the Nature Conservation among which nineteen (19), and about 79.16% have been seen in the relatively protected areas. One of these species, Baphia Bancoensis Aubrév, is endemic in Ivory Coast. In the park, the agricultural activities have reduced the number of trees which diameter is over 30 cm. Although the infiltration of clandestines in the NPM started long before the beginning of the conflicts, our work nevertheless permitted to point out them. During this period, these infiltrations were accelerated mainly because these people were looking for new lands to cultivate cocoas trees.展开更多
Little data exist on patients treated with tenofovir in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with viral hepatitis B treated with tenofovir. Material and me...Little data exist on patients treated with tenofovir in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with viral hepatitis B treated with tenofovir. Material and methods: A descriptive single-center retrospective study, on chronic viral hepatitis B mono-infected, followed in the hepatogastroenterology department of the University Hospital of Yopougon and treated with tenofovir from February 2012 to February 2015. The studied parameters were demographic, clinical, biochemical, serological, virological, abdominal ultrasound. Liver fibrosis was assessed either by liver biopsy or non-invasive tests. Results: 110 patients were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with a mean age of 40.4 years and a male predominance. Clinical examination revealed jaundice in 9% of cases, hepatomegaly in 7.3% of cases, splenomegaly in 9.1% of cases and ascites in 15.5% of cases. The AST averaged 77.3 IU/l, the ALT 76.8 IU/l, prothrombin rate at 76.6% , albumin level at 32.3 g/l, total bilirubin at 29.9 g/l, alpha fetoprotein rate at 15.3 ng/ml. HBe antigen was negative in 76.2% of cases. The average rate of DNA at baseline was 7.4 log10 IU/l. 27.5% was cirrhotic. The average time of starting treatment was 23.7 months. Conclusion: TDF is the first-line treatment for chronic hepatitis B in our country, because it is a well-tolerated, potent therapy with a high threshold for resistance development. Our study population had an average age of 40.4 years. Virological profile was dominated by HBe antigen negative patients and high viral load of HVB DNA. One third of patients were at the stage of cirrhosis. This treatment must be delivered free of charge in all the country hospitals, which is going to improve significantly the natural evolution of the disease and to decrease the incidence of the HCC.展开更多
Since a longtime considered as functional and psychological, children’s abdominal pains (CAP) is a public health problem. Advances in digestive endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) discovery have reignited t...Since a longtime considered as functional and psychological, children’s abdominal pains (CAP) is a public health problem. Advances in digestive endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) discovery have reignited the debate of the organicity of CAP. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnosis rentability of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) in CAP in Ivory Coast. Patients and Methods: This a retrospective analytical study based on reports of UGIE performed in 2 university hospital and 3 private clinics of Abidjan from march 2007 to march 2016. The children (from 1 day to 15 years) in which UGIE were performed for abdominal pains were included in the study. Results: 116 UGIE were performed in children for abdominal pains during the study period. Epigastric pain was the main indication of UGIE (88%). The diagnosis rentability of UGIE was more than 70% in this study. The main anomalies observed in UGIE were gastropathies. Ulcers were rarely found. Conclusion: UGIE play an important diagnosis role in CAP in Ivory Coast. However gastric biopsies for Helicobacter pylori research are not common practice in our country.展开更多
文摘As part of the drive to improve coffee and cocoa production in Ivory Coast, studies are carried out to identify soils that are favourable for these crops. It is therefore necessary to orientate soil investigations based on reliable criteria that best discriminate soil cover. With this in mind, this study is being carried out to help improve survey methods by mapping soil landscapes. It uses GIS and weighted multicriteria analysis. To do this, satellite images were processed and the geological map of the square degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa was reclassified. The results show that relief is the main factor in soil landscape differentiation, with respective weights of 0.58 and 0.67 for the forest and pre-forest zones. In contrast, the weight of geological formation in soil landscape differentiation remains low (0.05 for the forest zone and 0.07 for the pre-forest zone). The criteria used on the base of aggregation sum methods have made it possible to formulate soil landscape mapping prediction functions according to agro-ecological environments in the humid intertropical zone. This is essential for the orientation of soil survey work. Nevertheless, other comparative methods, such as the coding mapping method, could provide elements for discussion to validate the models.
文摘The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED<sub>10</sub> for a batch of 83 birds, ED<sub>20</sub> (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCD (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to Tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgMS of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the ED<sub>10</sub>, ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCD ration were significantly higher than those of the ED10 and ED<sub>20</sub> (p 0.05). ADGs were significantly different and decreasing from CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of ED<sub>20</sub> had reached and exceeded that of CCD by day 42nd. PSLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of ED<sub>10</sub> ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCD ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production that is more appreciated than that of chickens fed conventional feed. As it stands, the ED<sub>20</sub> ration can be recommended as a growth diet for broilers. It would be necessary to determine the levels of anti-nutritional substances in mango feeds and to assess the in vivo digestibility of mango ingredients and the diets incorporating them.
文摘In Côte d’Ivoire, the decline in soil fertility strongly impacts the productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) on heavily leached ferralitic soil. In this study, the general objective was therefore to improve the productivity of maize EV87-28 on the Ferralsols in pre-forested areas during different cropping seasons. Eight (8) micro-plots were set up according to a total randomization device with three repetitions. Two factors were studied: nitrogen fertilizer modalities (main factor) and crop season (secondary factor). Growth, flowering and yield parameters were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there was no interaction between the nitrogen fertilizer factor and the cropping season factor. In addition, this study showed the short rainy season had the most positive impact on growth, flowering and yield parameters than the long rainy season. The results also showed that the different nitrogen fertilizer modalities had no statistically different effects on growth, flowering and yield parameters. However, quantitative differences were reported, highlighting one nitrogen fertilizer modality, which is the combination of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure). The combination of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure) had the best effect on corn grain yield. So, the combination of urea (75%) and manure (25%), that resulted in yield gain, could be recommended for corn fertilization during the small rainy season.
文摘Background: Congenital malformations such as micropenis and cryptorchidism do not have immediate dramatic consequences. However, the diagnosis is often unknown at birth, and therefore late. In Ivory Coast, there are few studies on cryptorchidism and micropenis. We conducted this study to identify the epidemiological, clinical, etiological and therapeutic characteristics of the micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism at Yopougon University Hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study in the Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology of the Yopougon University Hospital carried out over 13 years from January 2005 to December 2018. All patients were included regardless of the presence of a micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism in the clinical or paraclinical examination. Results: A total of 14 micropenis were reported associated in 6 cases with cryptorchidism. It was unilateral cryptorchidism in 4 patients or 66.66% of cases. The average age of affected patients was 21.32 years with extremes ranging from 10 months to 48 years. The reason for consultation was micropenis in 12 out of 14 cases or 85.75%. The associated signs apart from cryptorchidism were obesity in 42.86% of cases, gynecomastia in 35.71% of cases. The aetiology was dominated by idiopathic causes. Treatment with testosterone enanthate was more effective in pre-pubertal children than in adults. Conclusion: The diagnosis of micropenis associated or not with cryptorchidism is late because of the frustrations, taboos and psycho-social states that it causes. However, drug treatment is effective when treatment is started early.
文摘The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.
文摘This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha<sup>−1</sup>) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha<sup>−1</sup> for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>, 34 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘Cardiovascular complications during hyperthyroidism are dominated by arrhythmias, heart failure and coronary heart disease. Pericardial effusion which is a common complication of hypothyroidism is extremely rare in hyperthyroidism. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman admitted for management of pleuro-pericarditis associated with atrial fibrillation in the context of cardiothyreosis. The treatment consisted of a pericardial puncture associated with synthetic anti-thyroid drugs and anti-tuberculosis drugs with positive clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.
文摘Context/Objective: Few studies have been carried out in a country with high endemicity for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa looking for the association of intestinal metaplasia (IM) with chronic gastritis. We hypothesize that IM is correlated with the intensity of H. pylori infection in a country with high endemicity, Ivory Coast. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in chronic H. pylori gastritis in Ivory Coast. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out over a period of 5 months, in the reference hospital centers of Abidjan, specialized in Gastroenterology. All patients who had undergone Gastroscopy with biopsies according to the criteria of the Sydney System for the anatomopathological study, those with chronic gastritis and/or H. pylori intestinal metaplasia on histology and in whom all the parameters of the Sydney system classification had been well informed. The quantitative variables were expressed by their means accompanied by their standard deviations and the qualitative variables by their numbers and percentages. Chi-square and Fischer tests were used to look for associations between variables. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: 152 patients were retained. The mean age was 44.9 ± 12.9 years. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 11.8%. In univariate analysis, no significant association was found between clinical and pathological sociodemographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, profession) and intestinal metaplasia in chronic Helicobacter pylori gastric cases. In multivariate analysis we found that prolonged use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and a history of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) were significantly associated with the absence of IM. Conclusion: Chronic H. pylori gastritis is the main risk factor for intestinal metaplasia. Prolonged use of PPIs and a history of GERD were significantly identified as factors that would protect against intestinal metaplasia.
文摘This study aims to characterize the climatic variability in the South-East of Ivory Coast and to show its impact on the supply of water resources. To do this, statistical and hydrological methods were applied to climatic data collected at the Marc DELORME Research Station of the CNRA. The statistical trend tests on this data revealed a significant decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature, insolation and evaporation. Statistical break methods indicate a rainfall break in 1982 which marks a modification of the rainfall regime thus translating a drop in rainfall of 15%, a recession in the frequency of rainy days in general and in particular in rainfall heights between 10 and 30 mm and greater than 50 mm. This break is accompanied by a shortening of the rainy seasons, with average rainfall durations ranging from 54 days (short rainy season) to 104 days (great rainy season). Despite the disturbances in the different seasons of the year, the monthly rainfall regimes in the area have not changed. The assessment of the effects of drought on water resources using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for three-time scales (1 month, 3 months and 12 months) indicates a severe drought ranging from 3% to 7% over the period 1961 to 2018. However, despite the presence of this severe drought, the intensity of the drought was found to be moderate on all time scales. The Thorrnthwaite method was used to highlight the impacts of this climatic variability on the region’s water resources. The average annual recharge estimated at 402 mm, has been reduced to 153 mm during a deficit period, a decrease of about 62%. The average annual runoff, which was 294 mm, fells to 257 mm, a decrease of about 13%. This recorded decrease in the water infiltrated after the rainfall break (1983-2018), explains the heterogeneous decrease in the depth of the water table.
文摘Background: Diabetic foot is a frequent complication of diabetes, of multifactorial origin, associating nervous and/or circulatory disorders to which infection is often added. Its care is multidisciplinary and requires coordination between different actors. In this context, arterial doppler ultrasound is essential in the diagnosis of diabetic arteriopathy and participates in therapeutic decision-making. The aim of this study was to describe the abnormalities found on Doppler ultrasonography of patients hospitalized for the diabetic foot in the Ivory Coast. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study including 235 patients hospitalized for the diabetic foot in the Endocrinology department of the Yopougon University Hospital from February 2002 to December 2015. All records of patients who performed arterial Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs were selected and the various abnormalities were described. Results: The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.1 (124 men to 111 women). The predominant age group was 61.2 years. Type 2 diabetes was found in 97.4% of cases. The average evolution of diabetes was 8.9 years with extremes of 1 and 32 years. Wet gangrene was the most common type of lesion found in 75.8% of cases. On ultrasonography, 98.7% of the patients had an arterial abnormality of the lower limbs. It was bilateral in 62.2% of cases, dominated by atheromatous overloads and mediacalcosis in 46.4% and 43.8% of cases, respectively. Arterial stenosis was lesions hemodynamically found in 76.3% of cases and arterial occlusions in 32.7% of cases. The amputation rate was 72.7%. Conclusion: This study shows the high frequency of arterial abnormalities in patients with the diabetic foot with a predominantly distal involvement. Arterial Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs remains an essential tool in the care of diabetic foot. This easily accessible, non-invasive examination has a key role in therapeutic decision-making.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The prevalence of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased so it’s becoming a global public health problem. This problem is also threatening in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) country including Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast is a country of 22.6 million people experiencing rapid economic development and social change. All development is typically associated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Our study</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of the major risk factors of NCDs among the population of Cocody, Abobo and Yocoboué in the Ivory Coast. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and involved 1146 adults of 19 to 60 years from general population in Cocody (urban), Abob (peri-urban) and Yocoboué (rural). The WHO STEPS risk </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">factor survey has been changed a bit and was administered. it contains anthropometric and biochemical measures</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The prevalence of NCD risk factors was markedly different across the three sites particularly between urban (Cocody) and rural (Yocoboué) areas. The overall prevalence estimates of the risk factors were 15.2% for current smoking, 57.71% for harmful use of alcohol, 58.84% for low physical activity, 24.71% for sedentariness (sitting at least 7 h), 69.45% for skipping breakfast, 61% for having late dinner and 36% for snacking. Concerning biological risk factor we noticed 40.95% for Overweight/obesity, 52.96% for abdominal obesity, 14.61% for raised blood pressure, 23.37% for raised blood sugar and 18.51 low HDL-C. Being female has an important associated with an increased risk for having abdominal obesity (OR: 25.7) and being overweight or obese (OR: 11.3), suffering from hypertension increased with age, 30 - 39 years (OR 8.45), 40 - 49 years (OR 13.4) and 50 years and above (OR 24.6). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Adult residents in the two </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Urban and peri-urban) of three different areas are developing high-risk </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NCDs, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">particularly Cocody’s population. At the end, we observed among partici</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pants that the female gender, living in urban areas and clustering are the most concerned by non-communicable disease risk factors. To reach the goal, preventive and therapeutic interventions are needed among the targeted population.</span></span>
文摘The objective of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the statistical models regarding the size of samples. The study carried out in Ivory Coast is based on annual maximum daily rainfall data collected from 26 stations. The methodological approach is based on the statistical modeling of maximum daily rainfall. Adjustments were made on several sample sizes and several return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years). The main results have shown that the 30 years series (1931-1960;1961-1990;1991-2020) are better adjusted by the Gumbel (26.92% - 53.85%) and Inverse Gamma (26.92% - 46.15%). Concerning the 60-years series (1931-1990;1961-2020), they are better adjusted by the Inverse Gamma (30.77%), Gamma (15.38% - 46.15%) and Gumbel (15.38% - 42.31%). The full chronicle 1931-2020 (90 years) presents a notable supremacy of 50% of Gumbel model over the Gamma (34.62%) and Gamma Inverse (15.38%) model. It is noted that the Gumbel is the most dominant model overall and more particularly in wet periods. The data for periods with normal and dry trends were better fitted by Gamma and Inverse Gamma.
文摘Introduction: Rabies is endemic and constitutes a public health problem in Côte d’Ivoire. In the health districts of Kong and Ferkessedougou, exposure to rabies infection reported by the National Institute of Public Hygiene of Ferkessedougou averages 200 cases per year. However, in the involvement of health workers from First Contact Health Establishments (FCHE) of the 2 Districts, the management of exposed persons is unknown. This study aimed to determine the involvement of healthcare personnel in FCHE in the health districts of Ferkessedougou and Kong in the elimination of human rabies. Material and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim which took place from October 21, 2020 to November 20, 2020. The data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed with the software EXCEL and Epi Info 3.5.3. Principle Results: It emerged from this study that the average age of the participants was 36.8 years with an average professional seniority of 5.07 years. The majority (73.90%) of healthcare staff have not received training on rabies. However, plenty of healthcare personnel respectively experienced the transmission of the rabies virus from animals to humans (98.60%), with dogs (97.10%) as the main animal vector of rabies to man, the bite (100%) as the way of contamination of rabies, the immediate washing with water and soap (66.70%), the administration of the anti-rabies vaccine (75.4%), the National Institute of Public Hygiene as a reference structure (63.8%). At the level of practices after exposure to rabies infection, the majority (65.2%) of the healthcare staff consulted the patients, of whom 84.4% and 95.6% of these consultants respectively carried out communication for social change and behavior and referred patients to the National Institute of Public Hygiene (p Conclusion: Some health workers did not have the necessary knowledge to care for people exposed to rabies infection. Thus, they were not all involved in post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies. It would therefore be desirable for the National Institute of Public Hygiene to strengthen the capacities for the prevention of rabies for all human health workers, particularly those in first contact health establishments with a view to eliminating this disease from here in 2030.
文摘The mining company Sama Nickel-CI during its exploration activities in the Bounta area (Biankouma department, western Côte d’Ivoire) identified rocks with magmatic and metamorphic characteristics of felsic to mafic compositions mineralized in sulfide but unknown in the region. Thus, the petrographic characterization of these rocks of Bounta as well as the sulfides they contain, was carried out from macroscopic to microscopic observations. Petrographic analysis of these rocks has shown that these rocks are trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) suites, composed of the main minerals (quartz, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, feldspar) and accessory minerals (biotite, garnet) with magmatic textures supplanted by metamorphic textures. They were set up by fractional crystallization and would be products of Archean crustal anatexis formed from the partial melting of basaltic protocrust during the Liberian orogeny. The Bounta’s series of trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) contain speckles of sulfide (pyrite and pyrrhotite) which are disseminated in places and are relatively abundant, as well as iron oxides (magnetite) which are of low proportion.
文摘The aim of this study is to describe the manifestations of abuse of women in childbirth. The techniques and tools for collecting data are documentary research, observation, questionnaire and interview. The study was based on a sample of 72 people determined according to the method of reasoned choice. As for data analysis, the method of processing is qualitative and quantitative. In terms of results, it should be noted that the average age of women in childbirth is 23 and those aged 16 - 24 represent the largest segment of the survey population. Most of these women are illiterate or drop out very early. They belong to several religious communities and are of various nationalities. Regarding the manifestations of mistreatment, we retain that they are of several types the most significant of which are verbal abuse, physical abuse, neglect and psychological abuse. These abuses have taken place for some women at their first or last delivery, at all their deliveries or at a single delivery. In general, young women between the ages of 16 and 25 are the most victims of mistreatment in childbirth. Various authors are at the origin of the mistreatment of women in childbirth. They are young midwives often single and childless.
文摘Ivory Coast is a country rich in base metals and precious minerals: gold, manganese, diamond, iron, bauxite, cobalt and nickel. These natural resources are exposed to destruction and fragmentation by mining activities. The artisanal and small-scale exploitation of gold are increasingly practiced in our rural areas. These activities escape often in the control and monitoring of the mining administration. In order to better constrain these activities on the environment, the present work used remote sensing imageries to see its spatio-temporal impacts in the rural world in central Ivory Coast. The results show that gold artisanal activities have been practiced since 2013 and are experiencing an increasingly important growth. We note a devastation of forests and savannahs, a pollution of surface water, as well as an increase in poverty in rural areas. These activities are practiced near habited areas (villages). This creates a reduction of cultivatable soil. Remote sensing imageries make it possible to quickly map areas at large-scale gold mining in time and space.
文摘Renal biopsy is an invasive procedure used to evaluate the activity and the therapeutic management of kidney disease and kidney transplantation. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of kidney disease diagnosed by biopsy in the Ivory Coast. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and prospective study conducted between January 2015 and December 2018 in the Department of Anatomy and Cytology of the Pathology of Cocody (Abidjan) and Bouake. Specimens were obtained from the nephrology department of Ivory Coast and from teaching hospitals in Togo, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Mali. Samples were analyzed according to standard renal biopsy procedures. One kidney fragment was fixed in acetic acid formalin (AAF) for optical microscopy examination. The other fragment, soaked in physiological water, was immediately sent for immunofluorescence examination. All renal pathologies were included in this study. The study parameters were frequency, age, sex, origin, occupation, clinical and biological signs, and pathological aspects with optical microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Results: 153 cases (2.23%) of kidney biopsies were examined on a total of 10,573 specimens. Ivory Coast specimens accounted for 91.5% of cases (n = 140). Nephrotic syndrome (49%) was the most common clinical sign and indication for renal biopsy, followed by acute renal failure (16.3%), chronic renal failure (19.6%), and a combination of chronic renal failure with hypertension (11.18%) and glomerulonephritis (4%). Mean proteinuria was 3.03 g/24h (range, 0.14 to 11.5 g/24h). Histologically, 90.8% (n = 139) were glomerular nephropathies, including 26.6% HIV-associated nephropathy, 17.3% focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 13.6% nephroangiosclerosis, 11.5% post-infectious glomerulonephritis, 9.3% membranous glomerulonephritis, and 21.6% miscellaneous glomerular nephropathies (n = 30). The incidence of various tubulo-interstitial lesions was 9.2% (n = 14). Conclusion: Glomerular nephropathies represent the most important renal diseases. Young people are most commonly affected with a high prevalence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy.
文摘Most of the Ivorian areas designated as protected were trickled in for various agricultural activities. For these last few decades, the situation worsened in Ivory Coast because these protected areas were not guarded during the armed conflict of the years 2002-2011. The objective of this study is to assess the condition in which the floristic diversity of the National park of Marahoué (NPM) is after the armed conflicts of the years 2000. To achieve our purpose, a sampling has been conducted along five transects that go through different environments: inner the park, the edge of the park and the non-domanial property. A 20 × 20 m plot square has been settled in each of these environments along each transect and each one separated from one another by 200 m. Four (4) other pilots plots of 20 × 20 m have been built up inside the park, relatively in the protected areas. Regarding these surveys, 303 plant species have been identified among which the most important are Fabaceae (6.27%), Euphorbiaceae (5.28%) and Rubiaceae (5.28%) families. Twenty-four (24) species have a particular status according to the International Union for the Nature Conservation among which nineteen (19), and about 79.16% have been seen in the relatively protected areas. One of these species, Baphia Bancoensis Aubrév, is endemic in Ivory Coast. In the park, the agricultural activities have reduced the number of trees which diameter is over 30 cm. Although the infiltration of clandestines in the NPM started long before the beginning of the conflicts, our work nevertheless permitted to point out them. During this period, these infiltrations were accelerated mainly because these people were looking for new lands to cultivate cocoas trees.
文摘Little data exist on patients treated with tenofovir in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with viral hepatitis B treated with tenofovir. Material and methods: A descriptive single-center retrospective study, on chronic viral hepatitis B mono-infected, followed in the hepatogastroenterology department of the University Hospital of Yopougon and treated with tenofovir from February 2012 to February 2015. The studied parameters were demographic, clinical, biochemical, serological, virological, abdominal ultrasound. Liver fibrosis was assessed either by liver biopsy or non-invasive tests. Results: 110 patients were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with a mean age of 40.4 years and a male predominance. Clinical examination revealed jaundice in 9% of cases, hepatomegaly in 7.3% of cases, splenomegaly in 9.1% of cases and ascites in 15.5% of cases. The AST averaged 77.3 IU/l, the ALT 76.8 IU/l, prothrombin rate at 76.6% , albumin level at 32.3 g/l, total bilirubin at 29.9 g/l, alpha fetoprotein rate at 15.3 ng/ml. HBe antigen was negative in 76.2% of cases. The average rate of DNA at baseline was 7.4 log10 IU/l. 27.5% was cirrhotic. The average time of starting treatment was 23.7 months. Conclusion: TDF is the first-line treatment for chronic hepatitis B in our country, because it is a well-tolerated, potent therapy with a high threshold for resistance development. Our study population had an average age of 40.4 years. Virological profile was dominated by HBe antigen negative patients and high viral load of HVB DNA. One third of patients were at the stage of cirrhosis. This treatment must be delivered free of charge in all the country hospitals, which is going to improve significantly the natural evolution of the disease and to decrease the incidence of the HCC.
文摘Since a longtime considered as functional and psychological, children’s abdominal pains (CAP) is a public health problem. Advances in digestive endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) discovery have reignited the debate of the organicity of CAP. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnosis rentability of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) in CAP in Ivory Coast. Patients and Methods: This a retrospective analytical study based on reports of UGIE performed in 2 university hospital and 3 private clinics of Abidjan from march 2007 to march 2016. The children (from 1 day to 15 years) in which UGIE were performed for abdominal pains were included in the study. Results: 116 UGIE were performed in children for abdominal pains during the study period. Epigastric pain was the main indication of UGIE (88%). The diagnosis rentability of UGIE was more than 70% in this study. The main anomalies observed in UGIE were gastropathies. Ulcers were rarely found. Conclusion: UGIE play an important diagnosis role in CAP in Ivory Coast. However gastric biopsies for Helicobacter pylori research are not common practice in our country.
