“Jing Ye Si”is a classical poem with international influence by the Chinese poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty,which expresses the poet’s deep nostalgia.This paper compares and analyzes its two English versions transl...“Jing Ye Si”is a classical poem with international influence by the Chinese poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty,which expresses the poet’s deep nostalgia.This paper compares and analyzes its two English versions translated by the Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong and the British translator W.J.B.Fletcher based on the“three beauties”principle(beauty in sense,beauty in sound,and beauty in form),and discovers that the English version of Xu basically achieves the unity of the“three beauties”,while the English version of Fletcher realizes the“beauty in sound and form”,but deviates from the“beauty in sense”mainly owing to the inaccurate comprehension of the moon as an image and other factors.This analysis may afford us with certain reference in poetry translation.展开更多
The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles...The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles.This article elaborates on the basic logic behind climate change(a global hot topic)through basic principles such as reaction types,carbon thermal properties of biomass energy,greenhouse gas attribution,ecological basic theory,and energy cycle.展开更多
The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replace...The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.展开更多
“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Conventi...“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.展开更多
The effect zones of layer face for RCC （rolled control concrete） dam have gradual change characteristics. Based on the analysis thought of complex material, a model was built to analyze above principle of RCC dam by...The effect zones of layer face for RCC （rolled control concrete） dam have gradual change characteristics. Based on the analysis thought of complex material, a model was built to analyze above principle of RCC dam by use of series-wound and shunt-wound connection. Some methods were proposed to determine the instantaneous Young＇s modulus, delayed Young＇s modulus and viscosity coefficient of effect zones of layer face. Above models and methods were used to mine the principle of gradual change of key calculation parameters which can response the characteristics of effect zones. The principle of gradual change was described. A model was established to analyze the threedimensional viscoelastic problem of RCC dam. Above programs were developed. The examples show that the proposed models and methods to determine the key calculation parameters of effect zones can reflect the status of RCC dam accurately.展开更多
Wind speed variations are influenced by both natural climate and human activities.It is important to understand the spatial and temporal distributions of wind speed and to analyze the cause of its changes.In this stud...Wind speed variations are influenced by both natural climate and human activities.It is important to understand the spatial and temporal distributions of wind speed and to analyze the cause of its changes.In this study,data from 26 meteorological stations in the Jing-Jin-Ji region of North China from 1961 to 2017 are analyzed by using the Mann-Kendall(MK)test.Over the study period,wind speed first decreased by−0.028 m s^-1 yr^-1(p<0.01)in 1961^-1991,and then increased by 0.002 m s^-1 yr^-1(p<0.05)in 1992-2017.Wind speed was the highest in spring(2.98 m s^-1),followed by winter,summer,and autumn.The largest wind speed changes for 1961-1991 and 1992-2017 occurred in winter(−0.0392 and 0.0065 m s^-1 yr^-1,respectively);these values represented 36%and 58%of the annual wind speed changes.More than 90.4%of the wind speed was concentrated in the range of 1-5 m s^-1,according to the variation in the number of days with wind speed of different grades.Specifically,the decrease in wind speed in 1961^-1991 was due to the decrease in days with wind speed of 3-5 m s^-1,while the increase in wind speed in 1992-2017 was mainly due to the increase in days with wind speed of 2-4 m s^-1.In terms of driving factors,variations in wind speed were closely correlated with temperature and atmospheric pressure,whereas elevation and underlying surface also influenced these changes.展开更多
The Doppler effect can be defined as the frequency shift suffered by a wave phenomenon, when there is a difference in relative speed between the waves generated and their source. We know that it occurs in the case of ...The Doppler effect can be defined as the frequency shift suffered by a wave phenomenon, when there is a difference in relative speed between the waves generated and their source. We know that it occurs in the case of mechanical and electromagnetic waves. We propose to generalize the Doppler effect to the case of frequency changes of certain oscillatory variables in biology before and after puberty, starting from the basis that a metabolically accelerated system is equivalent to a mechanically accelerated system. We then established the following objectives: To verify if there is an average difference in heart and respiratory rates, before and after puberty. To verify the association of these frequency differences with the metabolic activity estimated as basal metabolic rate or BMR. We studied heart and respiratory rate data from healthy people of both sexes, verifying the frequency distribution before and after puberty. We also study the relationship of the frequency distribution with the evolution of the basal metabolic rate throughout life. Analysis of the results shows that the highest heart and respiratory rates occur before puberty, while the lowest rates occur after puberty. A high correlation of the evolution of the variables studied with the evolution of the metabolic acceleration of the system throughout life is also evident. Taking into account that a mechanically accelerated system is equivalent to a metabolically accelerated system, we can conclude that the frequency distribution found is the expression of a generalization of the Doppler effect in the case of biological physical systems.展开更多
文摘“Jing Ye Si”is a classical poem with international influence by the Chinese poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty,which expresses the poet’s deep nostalgia.This paper compares and analyzes its two English versions translated by the Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong and the British translator W.J.B.Fletcher based on the“three beauties”principle(beauty in sense,beauty in sound,and beauty in form),and discovers that the English version of Xu basically achieves the unity of the“three beauties”,while the English version of Fletcher realizes the“beauty in sound and form”,but deviates from the“beauty in sense”mainly owing to the inaccurate comprehension of the moon as an image and other factors.This analysis may afford us with certain reference in poetry translation.
文摘The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles.This article elaborates on the basic logic behind climate change(a global hot topic)through basic principles such as reaction types,carbon thermal properties of biomass energy,greenhouse gas attribution,ecological basic theory,and energy cycle.
文摘The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.
文摘“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50579010, 50539010)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No.2002CB412707)the National Basic Research Program of Ministry of Water Resources, China (No.CT200612)
文摘The effect zones of layer face for RCC （rolled control concrete） dam have gradual change characteristics. Based on the analysis thought of complex material, a model was built to analyze above principle of RCC dam by use of series-wound and shunt-wound connection. Some methods were proposed to determine the instantaneous Young＇s modulus, delayed Young＇s modulus and viscosity coefficient of effect zones of layer face. Above models and methods were used to mine the principle of gradual change of key calculation parameters which can response the characteristics of effect zones. The principle of gradual change was described. A model was established to analyze the threedimensional viscoelastic problem of RCC dam. Above programs were developed. The examples show that the proposed models and methods to determine the key calculation parameters of effect zones can reflect the status of RCC dam accurately.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0401407)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51625904).
文摘Wind speed variations are influenced by both natural climate and human activities.It is important to understand the spatial and temporal distributions of wind speed and to analyze the cause of its changes.In this study,data from 26 meteorological stations in the Jing-Jin-Ji region of North China from 1961 to 2017 are analyzed by using the Mann-Kendall(MK)test.Over the study period,wind speed first decreased by−0.028 m s^-1 yr^-1(p<0.01)in 1961^-1991,and then increased by 0.002 m s^-1 yr^-1(p<0.05)in 1992-2017.Wind speed was the highest in spring(2.98 m s^-1),followed by winter,summer,and autumn.The largest wind speed changes for 1961-1991 and 1992-2017 occurred in winter(−0.0392 and 0.0065 m s^-1 yr^-1,respectively);these values represented 36%and 58%of the annual wind speed changes.More than 90.4%of the wind speed was concentrated in the range of 1-5 m s^-1,according to the variation in the number of days with wind speed of different grades.Specifically,the decrease in wind speed in 1961^-1991 was due to the decrease in days with wind speed of 3-5 m s^-1,while the increase in wind speed in 1992-2017 was mainly due to the increase in days with wind speed of 2-4 m s^-1.In terms of driving factors,variations in wind speed were closely correlated with temperature and atmospheric pressure,whereas elevation and underlying surface also influenced these changes.
文摘The Doppler effect can be defined as the frequency shift suffered by a wave phenomenon, when there is a difference in relative speed between the waves generated and their source. We know that it occurs in the case of mechanical and electromagnetic waves. We propose to generalize the Doppler effect to the case of frequency changes of certain oscillatory variables in biology before and after puberty, starting from the basis that a metabolically accelerated system is equivalent to a mechanically accelerated system. We then established the following objectives: To verify if there is an average difference in heart and respiratory rates, before and after puberty. To verify the association of these frequency differences with the metabolic activity estimated as basal metabolic rate or BMR. We studied heart and respiratory rate data from healthy people of both sexes, verifying the frequency distribution before and after puberty. We also study the relationship of the frequency distribution with the evolution of the basal metabolic rate throughout life. Analysis of the results shows that the highest heart and respiratory rates occur before puberty, while the lowest rates occur after puberty. A high correlation of the evolution of the variables studied with the evolution of the metabolic acceleration of the system throughout life is also evident. Taking into account that a mechanically accelerated system is equivalent to a metabolically accelerated system, we can conclude that the frequency distribution found is the expression of a generalization of the Doppler effect in the case of biological physical systems.
