The production and consumption of natural gas in China has been developing rapidly in recent years.It is expected that the annual growth rate of the demand for natural gas will reach 12% in the next 15 years,and the g...The production and consumption of natural gas in China has been developing rapidly in recent years.It is expected that the annual growth rate of the demand for natural gas will reach 12% in the next 15 years,and the gas consumption in the primary energy will increase from 0.3% to 10% or more by 2020.However,since the supply of natural gas cannot satisfy the requirements,China has begun to build liquefied natural gas(LNG)terminals in the coastal regions such as Guangdong and Fujian,and solve this problem by importing LNG from foreign countries.LNG needs to be transported by LNG ships from abroad.With the rapid growth of global gas production,the volume of LNG trade also increases,and the interregional production increased from 0.3% in 1970 to 26.2% in 2004.So,we need LNG ships more than before.This article puts forward the distribution of LNG ships and the speculation of the future of LNG transportation based on the studies on foreign LNG production,the LNG trade,the building of LNG ships,the LNG transportation,the chain model of LNG distribution,etc.展开更多
Liquefied natural gas(LNG)is a kind of clean energy,and many LNG-powered vessels have been de-signed and built around the world.However,LNG introduces the potential risk of leakage and explosion accidents;thus,it is n...Liquefied natural gas(LNG)is a kind of clean energy,and many LNG-powered vessels have been de-signed and built around the world.However,LNG introduces the potential risk of leakage and explosion accidents;thus,it is necessary to conduct safety assessments on the layout of typical facilities during the initial design stage.In this paper,an on-deck LNG fuel area model is established by employing the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method according to an LNG-powered Aframax oil tanker.The distri-bution of potential dangerous areas on the concentration field and temperature field is presented under leakage and diffusion accident conditions with vent masts of different heights.The results show the fol-lowing:the gas concentration rises rapidly at the initial stage of leakage and tends to stabilize after a certain period;the leakage and diffusion trend of light gas is basically the same as that of heavy gas,and the lowest heavy gas and light gas temperature on the deck between the storage tank and the upper building is-7.9 C and 4.7°C,respectively,when the venting mast leakage point is at the height of 6 m;and the higher the mast leakage point is,the more safe the ship design.For safety considerations,the height of the venting mast designed in this paper should not be lower than the height of the LNG storage tank,which is 10 m.展开更多
Investigating how COVID-19 has influenced Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)is significant for benefits evaluation for shipping companies and safety management for sustainable LNG shipping in case of accidents.This paper prop...Investigating how COVID-19 has influenced Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)is significant for benefits evaluation for shipping companies and safety management for sustainable LNG shipping in case of accidents.This paper proposes a quantitative method to model the impact of COVID-19 on global LNG shipping efficiency based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of behavior mining for LNG ships.The time cost for LNG carriers serving inside LNG terminals is calculated based on the status of LNG carriers specifically based on arrival and departure times.Then,the time series analysis method is employed to extract the statistical characteristics of the COVID-19 severity index and time cost for LNG carriers inside LNG terminals.Finally,the impact of COVID-19 on global LNG shipping is explored through the Vector Autoregressive Model(VAR)combined with the sliding window.The results demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a certain influence on the service time for LNG carriers with time lags worldwide.The impact is spatial heterogeneity on a large scale or small scale across global,countries,and trading terminals.It can be used for decision-making in energy safety and LNG intelligent shipping management under unexpected global public health events in the future.The results provide support for intelligent decision-making for safety management under unexpected public health events,such as reducing the seafarer’s explosion to risk events and taking efficient actions to ensure the shipping flow to avoid the energy supply shortage.展开更多
Nowadays the development of green ship technology requires the vibration and noise control of oceangoing ships. The three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory of ships was previously extended to include the effect of fl...Nowadays the development of green ship technology requires the vibration and noise control of oceangoing ships. The three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory of ships was previously extended to include the effect of fluid compressibility. This enables the dynamic responses and the acoustic radiations of a ship excited by onboard machineries or fluid fluctuation loads to be predicted. In this paper the hydroelastic analysis and sonoelastic analysis methods are fixrther incorporated with the Green＇s function in the Pekeris ocean hydro-acoustic waveguide model to work out a three-dimensional sonoelastic analysis method for ships in the ocean hydro-acoustic environment. As examples, the sound radiations of a floating elastic spherical shell excited by a concentrated force and a traveling LNG ship excited by the propeller induced pulsating forces acting on the wetted bottom plate of the stem in the shallow sea environment are predicted. The influences of the free surface and the sea bed on the generalized hydrodynamic coefficients and the acoustic pressure distributions in fluid domain are illustrated and discussed.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40671052)
文摘The production and consumption of natural gas in China has been developing rapidly in recent years.It is expected that the annual growth rate of the demand for natural gas will reach 12% in the next 15 years,and the gas consumption in the primary energy will increase from 0.3% to 10% or more by 2020.However,since the supply of natural gas cannot satisfy the requirements,China has begun to build liquefied natural gas(LNG)terminals in the coastal regions such as Guangdong and Fujian,and solve this problem by importing LNG from foreign countries.LNG needs to be transported by LNG ships from abroad.With the rapid growth of global gas production,the volume of LNG trade also increases,and the interregional production increased from 0.3% in 1970 to 26.2% in 2004.So,we need LNG ships more than before.This article puts forward the distribution of LNG ships and the speculation of the future of LNG transportation based on the studies on foreign LNG production,the LNG trade,the building of LNG ships,the LNG transportation,the chain model of LNG distribution,etc.
基金The authors express their gratitude to the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41976194)the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Renew-able Energy(Grant No.19DZ2254800)of China for their financial support of this study.
文摘Liquefied natural gas(LNG)is a kind of clean energy,and many LNG-powered vessels have been de-signed and built around the world.However,LNG introduces the potential risk of leakage and explosion accidents;thus,it is necessary to conduct safety assessments on the layout of typical facilities during the initial design stage.In this paper,an on-deck LNG fuel area model is established by employing the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method according to an LNG-powered Aframax oil tanker.The distri-bution of potential dangerous areas on the concentration field and temperature field is presented under leakage and diffusion accident conditions with vent masts of different heights.The results show the fol-lowing:the gas concentration rises rapidly at the initial stage of leakage and tends to stabilize after a certain period;the leakage and diffusion trend of light gas is basically the same as that of heavy gas,and the lowest heavy gas and light gas temperature on the deck between the storage tank and the upper building is-7.9 C and 4.7°C,respectively,when the venting mast leakage point is at the height of 6 m;and the higher the mast leakage point is,the more safe the ship design.For safety considerations,the height of the venting mast designed in this paper should not be lower than the height of the LNG storage tank,which is 10 m.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42101429 and No.42371415)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)(No.YESS20220491)+2 种基金Project of Education Department of Hainan Province(No.Hnjg2024-284)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University(No.21S04)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3302703).
文摘Investigating how COVID-19 has influenced Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)is significant for benefits evaluation for shipping companies and safety management for sustainable LNG shipping in case of accidents.This paper proposes a quantitative method to model the impact of COVID-19 on global LNG shipping efficiency based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of behavior mining for LNG ships.The time cost for LNG carriers serving inside LNG terminals is calculated based on the status of LNG carriers specifically based on arrival and departure times.Then,the time series analysis method is employed to extract the statistical characteristics of the COVID-19 severity index and time cost for LNG carriers inside LNG terminals.Finally,the impact of COVID-19 on global LNG shipping is explored through the Vector Autoregressive Model(VAR)combined with the sliding window.The results demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a certain influence on the service time for LNG carriers with time lags worldwide.The impact is spatial heterogeneity on a large scale or small scale across global,countries,and trading terminals.It can be used for decision-making in energy safety and LNG intelligent shipping management under unexpected global public health events in the future.The results provide support for intelligent decision-making for safety management under unexpected public health events,such as reducing the seafarer’s explosion to risk events and taking efficient actions to ensure the shipping flow to avoid the energy supply shortage.
文摘Nowadays the development of green ship technology requires the vibration and noise control of oceangoing ships. The three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory of ships was previously extended to include the effect of fluid compressibility. This enables the dynamic responses and the acoustic radiations of a ship excited by onboard machineries or fluid fluctuation loads to be predicted. In this paper the hydroelastic analysis and sonoelastic analysis methods are fixrther incorporated with the Green＇s function in the Pekeris ocean hydro-acoustic waveguide model to work out a three-dimensional sonoelastic analysis method for ships in the ocean hydro-acoustic environment. As examples, the sound radiations of a floating elastic spherical shell excited by a concentrated force and a traveling LNG ship excited by the propeller induced pulsating forces acting on the wetted bottom plate of the stem in the shallow sea environment are predicted. The influences of the free surface and the sea bed on the generalized hydrodynamic coefficients and the acoustic pressure distributions in fluid domain are illustrated and discussed.
