The logarithmic model is often used to describe the relationships between factors.It often gives good statistical characteristics.Yet,in the process of modeling of soil and water conservation,we find out that this“g...The logarithmic model is often used to describe the relationships between factors.It often gives good statistical characteristics.Yet,in the process of modeling of soil and water conservation,we find out that this“good”model cannot guarantee good result.In this paper we make an inquiry into the intrinsic reasons.It is shown that the logarithmic model has the property of enlarging or reducing model errors,and the disadvantages of the logarithmic model are analyzed.展开更多
In order to explore the effect of particle position on the electrocatalytic reaction rate at different positions in three-dimensional electrocatalytic reactor,using methylene blue as the simulated organic wastewater,a...In order to explore the effect of particle position on the electrocatalytic reaction rate at different positions in three-dimensional electrocatalytic reactor,using methylene blue as the simulated organic wastewater,and spherical graphite particles as the particle electrode,the potential distribution in three-dimensional electrocatalytic reactor was simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software.A multivariate logarithmic regression model of reaction kinetic constant and position was established by mathematical statistics.The electrocatalytic reaction rates were predicted at different locations in the reactor.The results show that the degradation ability of particle electrode to pollutants is uneven in the electrocatalytic reactor.The increase of electric field intensity and particle size will improve the difference of reaction rate.The closer the particle electrode is to the anode,the stronger the pollutant degradation ability would be.The reaction rate of the same particle electrode at different locations varies greatly,which can be roughly divided into three regions according to the degree of difference,among which the central region of the particle has the highest electrocatalytic reaction efficiency.展开更多
To overcome the shortcomings of the Lee image enhancement algorithm and its improvement based on the logarithmic image processing(LIP) model, this paper proposes what we believe to be an effective image enhancement al...To overcome the shortcomings of the Lee image enhancement algorithm and its improvement based on the logarithmic image processing(LIP) model, this paper proposes what we believe to be an effective image enhancement algorithm. This algorithm introduces fuzzy entropy, makes full use of neighborhood information, fuzzy information and human visual characteristics.To enhance an image, this paper first carries out the reasonable fuzzy-3 partition of its histogram into the dark region, intermediate region and bright region. It then extracts the statistical characteristics of the three regions and adaptively selects the parameter αaccording to the statistical characteristics of the image’s gray-scale values. It also adds a useful nonlinear transform, thus increasing the ubiquity of the algorithm. Finally, the causes for the gray-scale value overcorrection that occurs in the traditional image enhancement algorithms are analyzed and their solutions are proposed.The simulation results show that our image enhancement algorithm can effectively suppress the noise of an image, enhance its contrast and visual effect, sharpen its edge and adjust its dynamic range.展开更多
Through the matching relationship between land use types and carbon emission items, this paper estimated carbon emissions of different land use types in Nanjing City, China and analyzed the influencing factors of carb...Through the matching relationship between land use types and carbon emission items, this paper estimated carbon emissions of different land use types in Nanjing City, China and analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） model. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） Total anthropogenic carbon emission of Nanjing increased from 1.22928 ×10^7 t in 2000 to 3.06939 × 10^7 t in 2009, in which the carbon emission of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land accounted for 93% of the total. 2） The average land use carbon emission intensity of Nanjing in 2009 was 46.63 t/ha, in which carbon emission intensity of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land was the highest（200.52 t/ha）, which was much higher than that of other land use types. 3） The average carbon source intensity in Nanjing was 16 times of the average carbon sink intensity（2.83 t/ha） in 2009, indicating that Nanjing was confronted with serious carbon deficit and huge carbon cycle pressure. 4） Land use area per unit GDP was an inhibitory factor for the increase of carbon emissions, while the other factors were all contributing factors. 5） Carbon emission effect evaluation should be introduced into land use activities to formulate low-carbon land use strategies in regional development.展开更多
In the context of ＂two-wheel drive＂ development mode, China＇s construction land shows significant expansion characteristics. The carbon emission effect of construction land changes is an important factor for the in...In the context of ＂two-wheel drive＂ development mode, China＇s construction land shows significant expansion characteristics. The carbon emission effect of construction land changes is an important factor for the increase of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. In this study, the drivers of carbon emissions in Anhui Province from 1997 to 2011 were quantitatively measured using the improved Kaya identity and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index. The results show that： economic growth, expansion of construction land and changes in population density have incremental effects on carbon emissions. The average contribution rate of economic growth as the first driver is 266.32 percent. The construction land expansion is an important driving factor with annual mean carbon effect of 6.4057 million tons and annual mean contribution rate of 187.30 percent. But the change in population density has little impact on carbon emission driving. Energy structure changes and energy intensity reduction have inhibitory effects on carbon emissions, of which the annual mean contribution rate is -212.06 percent and -158.115 percent respectively. The targeted policy approaches of carbon emission reduction were put forward based on the decomposition of carbon emission factors, laying a scientific basis to rationally use the land for the Government, which is conducive to build an ecological province for Anhui and achieve the purpose of emission reduction, providing a reference for the research on carbon emission effect of changes in provincial-scale construction land.展开更多
Aim: Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin are not an infrequent adverse event in ovarian cancer patients. However, reintroduction of platinum-containing schedules is the standard of care in platinum-sensitive rec...Aim: Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin are not an infrequent adverse event in ovarian cancer patients. However, reintroduction of platinum-containing schedules is the standard of care in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Rapid desensitization is a procedure for gradual reintroduction of drug. It allows a safe administration of medications that are beneficial for the management of patients after certain types of hypersensitivity reactions. It is indicated in cases in which there are no reasonable therapeutic alternatives. Methods: We performed a descriptive retrospective study of high-grade ovarian cancer patients with known carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions that were treated with a 13-steps rapid desensitization protocol with 3 different solutions and infusion rates. The procedure followed a mathematic model (gradual increases with a relationship between doses following a geometric series) which is called logarithmic rapid desensitization protocol (LRDP). The aim was to describe the safety of the LRDP in terms of number and severity of infusion reactions and the effectiveness in the rate of cycles completely administered. Results: Four different patients diagnosed with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer with a previous infusion reaction were included. LRDP was administered in 19 different cycles. LRDP was administered safety in all 19 cycles, only 2 patients had a mild cutaneous reaction in 4 different cycles during LRDP (21.05%). The foreseen dose of carboplatin was fully administered in all cycles.Conclusion: LRDP with carboplatin is a feasible and safe protocol in patients with previous infusion reaction to carboplatin. The protocol might allow a safe administration of drugs, that are beneficial for the management of patients, after certain types of hypersensitivity reactions, and it is indicated in cases in which there are no reasonable therapeutic alternatives.展开更多
Owing to the remarkable advantages in mechanical behavior,cast steel nodes have been widely used in static structures.Nowadays,cast steel nodes also gain increasing popularity due to the superior fatigue performance i...Owing to the remarkable advantages in mechanical behavior,cast steel nodes have been widely used in static structures.Nowadays,cast steel nodes also gain increasing popularity due to the superior fatigue performance in dynamic structures,but they are not yet widely used because the fatigue properties of cast steel are not well understood.In this paper,the fatigue test of cast steel GS20Mn5V commonly used in steel castings is carried out.The strength of medium and low cycle fatigue and the fatigue limit are obtained.The feasibility of the estimated S-N(fatigue stress versus life)curve is tested.The double logarithmic linear model(DLLM)and the reversed generalized Pareto model(RGPM)are used to fit the experimental data,and the comparison is made.The P-S-N(the relationship between fatigue stress and life at different survival rates)curve obtained by the RGPM is proposed.The results show that the estimated S-N curve is not suitable for low cycle fatigue life,fitting the experimental data with the RGPM is the best,and obtaining the P-S-N curve from the RGPM is feasible.展开更多
基金Supported by the Ministry of Educational,China(2003-58)the Research Fund for thr Doctoral Programs of the Ministry of Education,China(2002-173)
文摘The logarithmic model is often used to describe the relationships between factors.It often gives good statistical characteristics.Yet,in the process of modeling of soil and water conservation,we find out that this“good”model cannot guarantee good result.In this paper we make an inquiry into the intrinsic reasons.It is shown that the logarithmic model has the property of enlarging or reducing model errors,and the disadvantages of the logarithmic model are analyzed.
文摘In order to explore the effect of particle position on the electrocatalytic reaction rate at different positions in three-dimensional electrocatalytic reactor,using methylene blue as the simulated organic wastewater,and spherical graphite particles as the particle electrode,the potential distribution in three-dimensional electrocatalytic reactor was simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software.A multivariate logarithmic regression model of reaction kinetic constant and position was established by mathematical statistics.The electrocatalytic reaction rates were predicted at different locations in the reactor.The results show that the degradation ability of particle electrode to pollutants is uneven in the electrocatalytic reactor.The increase of electric field intensity and particle size will improve the difference of reaction rate.The closer the particle electrode is to the anode,the stronger the pollutant degradation ability would be.The reaction rate of the same particle electrode at different locations varies greatly,which can be roughly divided into three regions according to the degree of difference,among which the central region of the particle has the highest electrocatalytic reaction efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61472324)
文摘To overcome the shortcomings of the Lee image enhancement algorithm and its improvement based on the logarithmic image processing(LIP) model, this paper proposes what we believe to be an effective image enhancement algorithm. This algorithm introduces fuzzy entropy, makes full use of neighborhood information, fuzzy information and human visual characteristics.To enhance an image, this paper first carries out the reasonable fuzzy-3 partition of its histogram into the dark region, intermediate region and bright region. It then extracts the statistical characteristics of the three regions and adaptively selects the parameter αaccording to the statistical characteristics of the image’s gray-scale values. It also adds a useful nonlinear transform, thus increasing the ubiquity of the algorithm. Finally, the causes for the gray-scale value overcorrection that occurs in the traditional image enhancement algorithms are analyzed and their solutions are proposed.The simulation results show that our image enhancement algorithm can effectively suppress the noise of an image, enhance its contrast and visual effect, sharpen its edge and adjust its dynamic range.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301633)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.10ZD&030)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2012M511243,2013T60518)Clean Development Mechanism Foundation of China(No.1214073,2012065)
文摘Through the matching relationship between land use types and carbon emission items, this paper estimated carbon emissions of different land use types in Nanjing City, China and analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） model. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） Total anthropogenic carbon emission of Nanjing increased from 1.22928 ×10^7 t in 2000 to 3.06939 × 10^7 t in 2009, in which the carbon emission of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land accounted for 93% of the total. 2） The average land use carbon emission intensity of Nanjing in 2009 was 46.63 t/ha, in which carbon emission intensity of Inhabitation, mining ＆ manufacturing land was the highest（200.52 t/ha）, which was much higher than that of other land use types. 3） The average carbon source intensity in Nanjing was 16 times of the average carbon sink intensity（2.83 t/ha） in 2009, indicating that Nanjing was confronted with serious carbon deficit and huge carbon cycle pressure. 4） Land use area per unit GDP was an inhibitory factor for the increase of carbon emissions, while the other factors were all contributing factors. 5） Carbon emission effect evaluation should be introduced into land use activities to formulate low-carbon land use strategies in regional development.
基金the Key Research Fund of Anhui Provincial Education Department (No.2010sk502zd)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41071337)
文摘In the context of ＂two-wheel drive＂ development mode, China＇s construction land shows significant expansion characteristics. The carbon emission effect of construction land changes is an important factor for the increase of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. In this study, the drivers of carbon emissions in Anhui Province from 1997 to 2011 were quantitatively measured using the improved Kaya identity and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index. The results show that： economic growth, expansion of construction land and changes in population density have incremental effects on carbon emissions. The average contribution rate of economic growth as the first driver is 266.32 percent. The construction land expansion is an important driving factor with annual mean carbon effect of 6.4057 million tons and annual mean contribution rate of 187.30 percent. But the change in population density has little impact on carbon emission driving. Energy structure changes and energy intensity reduction have inhibitory effects on carbon emissions, of which the annual mean contribution rate is -212.06 percent and -158.115 percent respectively. The targeted policy approaches of carbon emission reduction were put forward based on the decomposition of carbon emission factors, laying a scientific basis to rationally use the land for the Government, which is conducive to build an ecological province for Anhui and achieve the purpose of emission reduction, providing a reference for the research on carbon emission effect of changes in provincial-scale construction land.
文摘Aim: Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin are not an infrequent adverse event in ovarian cancer patients. However, reintroduction of platinum-containing schedules is the standard of care in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Rapid desensitization is a procedure for gradual reintroduction of drug. It allows a safe administration of medications that are beneficial for the management of patients after certain types of hypersensitivity reactions. It is indicated in cases in which there are no reasonable therapeutic alternatives. Methods: We performed a descriptive retrospective study of high-grade ovarian cancer patients with known carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions that were treated with a 13-steps rapid desensitization protocol with 3 different solutions and infusion rates. The procedure followed a mathematic model (gradual increases with a relationship between doses following a geometric series) which is called logarithmic rapid desensitization protocol (LRDP). The aim was to describe the safety of the LRDP in terms of number and severity of infusion reactions and the effectiveness in the rate of cycles completely administered. Results: Four different patients diagnosed with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer with a previous infusion reaction were included. LRDP was administered in 19 different cycles. LRDP was administered safety in all 19 cycles, only 2 patients had a mild cutaneous reaction in 4 different cycles during LRDP (21.05%). The foreseen dose of carboplatin was fully administered in all cycles.Conclusion: LRDP with carboplatin is a feasible and safe protocol in patients with previous infusion reaction to carboplatin. The protocol might allow a safe administration of drugs, that are beneficial for the management of patients, after certain types of hypersensitivity reactions, and it is indicated in cases in which there are no reasonable therapeutic alternatives.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0805100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51578137)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Open Research Fund Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics。
文摘Owing to the remarkable advantages in mechanical behavior,cast steel nodes have been widely used in static structures.Nowadays,cast steel nodes also gain increasing popularity due to the superior fatigue performance in dynamic structures,but they are not yet widely used because the fatigue properties of cast steel are not well understood.In this paper,the fatigue test of cast steel GS20Mn5V commonly used in steel castings is carried out.The strength of medium and low cycle fatigue and the fatigue limit are obtained.The feasibility of the estimated S-N(fatigue stress versus life)curve is tested.The double logarithmic linear model(DLLM)and the reversed generalized Pareto model(RGPM)are used to fit the experimental data,and the comparison is made.The P-S-N(the relationship between fatigue stress and life at different survival rates)curve obtained by the RGPM is proposed.The results show that the estimated S-N curve is not suitable for low cycle fatigue life,fitting the experimental data with the RGPM is the best,and obtaining the P-S-N curve from the RGPM is feasible.
