Background: Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatments have become essential interventions to manage cervical lesions. Majority of the recipients of these treatments are women within the reproductive age group, who...Background: Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatments have become essential interventions to manage cervical lesions. Majority of the recipients of these treatments are women within the reproductive age group, who according to literature may be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This pilot study is part of a study investigating adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who received Cryotherapy, Thermal ablation and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure compared to the untreated women in Zambia. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study analyzed records of 886 (n = 443 treated and n = 443 untreated) women aged 15 - 49 years. The women were either screened with Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid or treated for Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia at the Adult Infectious Disease Centre between January 2010 and December 2020. Women meeting the criteria were identified using the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid screening records and telephone interviews to obtain the adverse pregnancy outcome experienced. Data were analysed using STATA version 16 to determine the prevalence and obtain frequency distribution of outcomes of interest. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression estimated odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes across the three treatments. Results: The respondents were aged 15 to 49 years. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed to be more prevalent in the treatment group (18.5%) compared to the untreated group (5.4%). Normal pregnancy outcomes were lower in the treated (46.3%;n = 443) than the untreated (53.7%;n = 443). The treated group accounted for the majority of abortions (85.2%), prolonged labour (85.7%) and low birth weight (80%), whereas, the untreated accounted for the majority of still births (72.7%). Women treated with cryotherapy (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.32 - 4.49, p = 0.004), thermal ablation (aOR = 6.37, 95% CI = 0.99 - 41.2, p = 0.052) and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (aOR = 9.67, 95% CI = 2.17 - 43.1, p = 0.003) had two-, six- and ten-times higher odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes respectively, relative to women who required no treatment. Conclusion: Adverse pregnancy outcomes are prevalent among women who have received treatment in Zambia. The findings indicate that treating Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia has been linked to higher chances of experiencing abortion, delivering low birth weight babies and enduring prolonged labor that may result in a caesarean section delivery. Cervical neoplasia treatments, particularly Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, are associated with significantly increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is essential to include information about prior Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatment outcomes in obstetric care.展开更多
Background: Screening for cancer of the cervix at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), follows the recommended three-step strategy;Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, colposcopy/biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (...Background: Screening for cancer of the cervix at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), follows the recommended three-step strategy;Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, colposcopy/biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)/biopsy. This approach poses the following challenges: multiple clinic visits, costly, time consuming, long turnaround time to treatment, non-compliance and loss-to-follow-up. Objective: To determine the agreement between histologies following colposcopy and LEEP amongst women in KNH as a forerunner for opportunity to shift from the three-step approach to the two-step “see and treat” (same-day colposcopy and LEEP) approach. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cohort of Women who underwent LEEP procedure between January 2008 and 31st December 2010 following the three-step approach at KNH, Kenya. Results: A total of 124 patients out of the 132 patients who underwent LEEP were included in the analysis. The 8 patients excluded had missing files. HIV infected, uninfected or unknown women are similar socio-demographically. The mean (SD) age for the HIV infected, uninfected and unknown is 37 (6), 33 (10) and 35 (9) years respectively. Colposcopic and LEEP biopsy histology within patients demonstrated a high weighted kappa statistics agreement of 84%. LEEP increased diagnosis of invasive cancer. Patients had a median (IQR) 5 (4 - 6) clinic visits from Pap smear to LEEP treatment. It took median (IQR) 55 (27 - 116) days between Pap smear to colposcopy result and 167 (101 - 276) days between Pap smear results to LEEP treatment. If a LEEP procedure were to be performed in this cohort of women on the same day of the colposcopy biopsy a median (IQR) 77 (55 - 137) days could have been saved. Conclusion: There is a high agreement between colposcopy and LEEP biopsies in our setting offering a window of opportunity to perform “See and Treat” same-day colposcopy and LEEP treatment procedure, skipping the colposcopy biopsy stage.展开更多
文摘Background: Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatments have become essential interventions to manage cervical lesions. Majority of the recipients of these treatments are women within the reproductive age group, who according to literature may be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This pilot study is part of a study investigating adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who received Cryotherapy, Thermal ablation and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure compared to the untreated women in Zambia. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study analyzed records of 886 (n = 443 treated and n = 443 untreated) women aged 15 - 49 years. The women were either screened with Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid or treated for Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia at the Adult Infectious Disease Centre between January 2010 and December 2020. Women meeting the criteria were identified using the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid screening records and telephone interviews to obtain the adverse pregnancy outcome experienced. Data were analysed using STATA version 16 to determine the prevalence and obtain frequency distribution of outcomes of interest. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression estimated odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes across the three treatments. Results: The respondents were aged 15 to 49 years. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed to be more prevalent in the treatment group (18.5%) compared to the untreated group (5.4%). Normal pregnancy outcomes were lower in the treated (46.3%;n = 443) than the untreated (53.7%;n = 443). The treated group accounted for the majority of abortions (85.2%), prolonged labour (85.7%) and low birth weight (80%), whereas, the untreated accounted for the majority of still births (72.7%). Women treated with cryotherapy (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.32 - 4.49, p = 0.004), thermal ablation (aOR = 6.37, 95% CI = 0.99 - 41.2, p = 0.052) and Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (aOR = 9.67, 95% CI = 2.17 - 43.1, p = 0.003) had two-, six- and ten-times higher odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes respectively, relative to women who required no treatment. Conclusion: Adverse pregnancy outcomes are prevalent among women who have received treatment in Zambia. The findings indicate that treating Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia has been linked to higher chances of experiencing abortion, delivering low birth weight babies and enduring prolonged labor that may result in a caesarean section delivery. Cervical neoplasia treatments, particularly Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, are associated with significantly increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is essential to include information about prior Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatment outcomes in obstetric care.
文摘Background: Screening for cancer of the cervix at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), follows the recommended three-step strategy;Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, colposcopy/biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)/biopsy. This approach poses the following challenges: multiple clinic visits, costly, time consuming, long turnaround time to treatment, non-compliance and loss-to-follow-up. Objective: To determine the agreement between histologies following colposcopy and LEEP amongst women in KNH as a forerunner for opportunity to shift from the three-step approach to the two-step “see and treat” (same-day colposcopy and LEEP) approach. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cohort of Women who underwent LEEP procedure between January 2008 and 31st December 2010 following the three-step approach at KNH, Kenya. Results: A total of 124 patients out of the 132 patients who underwent LEEP were included in the analysis. The 8 patients excluded had missing files. HIV infected, uninfected or unknown women are similar socio-demographically. The mean (SD) age for the HIV infected, uninfected and unknown is 37 (6), 33 (10) and 35 (9) years respectively. Colposcopic and LEEP biopsy histology within patients demonstrated a high weighted kappa statistics agreement of 84%. LEEP increased diagnosis of invasive cancer. Patients had a median (IQR) 5 (4 - 6) clinic visits from Pap smear to LEEP treatment. It took median (IQR) 55 (27 - 116) days between Pap smear to colposcopy result and 167 (101 - 276) days between Pap smear results to LEEP treatment. If a LEEP procedure were to be performed in this cohort of women on the same day of the colposcopy biopsy a median (IQR) 77 (55 - 137) days could have been saved. Conclusion: There is a high agreement between colposcopy and LEEP biopsies in our setting offering a window of opportunity to perform “See and Treat” same-day colposcopy and LEEP treatment procedure, skipping the colposcopy biopsy stage.
