Cystic fibrosis patients often develop lung infections because of the presence of thick and sticky mucus that fills their airways. The presence of this thick mucus prevents the lungs from filtering out certain dominan...Cystic fibrosis patients often develop lung infections because of the presence of thick and sticky mucus that fills their airways. The presence of this thick mucus prevents the lungs from filtering out certain dominant bacterial types, making patients highly susceptible to infections that can range anywhere in severity from mild to life-threatening. These infections can cause great distress for patients as it becomes harder for patients to breathe and increases the chance of mortality by respiratory failure. It is important to be able to track the progression or regression of cystic fibrosis to determine the best course of treatment. Thus, this project focuses on the use of an AI model to examine the microbiology of cystic fibrosis patients and predict the condition or stage of lung function in the future, as a way to guide doctors with their treatment plan. Due to the limited amounts of publicly available patient data, we used all of the data in the training and testing of our machine learning algorithms initially and then tried a 50% training, 10% validation, and 40% testing split. Our results show that with relatively simple models (cubic polynomials), we can predict FEV1 from statistically significant bacteria sequences within 98% accuracy when training on sufficiently large samples.展开更多
Burn damage can lead to a state of immune dysregulation that facilitates the development of infections in patients.The most deleterious impact of this dysfunction is the loss of the skin’s natural protective barrier....Burn damage can lead to a state of immune dysregulation that facilitates the development of infections in patients.The most deleterious impact of this dysfunction is the loss of the skin’s natural protective barrier.Furthermore,the risk of infection is exacerbated by protracted hospitalization,urinary catheters,endotracheal intubation,inhalation injury,arterial lines and central venous access,among other mainstays of burn care.Currently,infections comprise the leading cause of mortality after major burn injuries,which highlights the improvements observed over the last 50 years in the care provided to burn victims.The need to implement the empirical selection of antibiotic therapy to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria may concomitantly lead to an overall pervasiveness of difficult-to-treat pathogens in burn centres,as well as the propagation of antimicrobial resistance and the ultimate dysregulation of a healthy microbiome.While preliminary studies are examining the variability and evolution of human and mice microbiota,both during the early and late phase burn injury,one must consider that abnormal microbiome conditions could influence the systemic inflammatory response.A better understanding of the changes in the postburn microbiome might be useful to interpret the provenance and subsequent development of infections,as well as to come up with inferences on the prognosis of burn patients.This review aims to summarise the current findings describing the microbiological changes in different organs and systems of burn patients and how these alterations affect the risks of infections,complications,and,ultimately,healing.展开更多
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Tobacco smoking and air pollution are believed to be responsible for more than 90%of lung cancers.Respiratory pathogens are also known to be associat...Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Tobacco smoking and air pollution are believed to be responsible for more than 90%of lung cancers.Respiratory pathogens are also known to be associated with the initiation and development of lung cancer.Despite the fact that the bacterial biomass in the lungs is lower than that in the intestinal tract,emerging evidence indicates that the lung is colonized by a diverse array of microbes.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the role of dysbiosis of the lung microbiota in the progression of lung cancer.In this review,we summarize the current information about the relationship between the microbiome and lung cancer.The objective is to provide an overview of the core composition of the microbiota in lung cancer as well as the role of specific dysbiosis of the lung microbiota in the progression of lung cancer and treatment of the disease.展开更多
文摘Cystic fibrosis patients often develop lung infections because of the presence of thick and sticky mucus that fills their airways. The presence of this thick mucus prevents the lungs from filtering out certain dominant bacterial types, making patients highly susceptible to infections that can range anywhere in severity from mild to life-threatening. These infections can cause great distress for patients as it becomes harder for patients to breathe and increases the chance of mortality by respiratory failure. It is important to be able to track the progression or regression of cystic fibrosis to determine the best course of treatment. Thus, this project focuses on the use of an AI model to examine the microbiology of cystic fibrosis patients and predict the condition or stage of lung function in the future, as a way to guide doctors with their treatment plan. Due to the limited amounts of publicly available patient data, we used all of the data in the training and testing of our machine learning algorithms initially and then tried a 50% training, 10% validation, and 40% testing split. Our results show that with relatively simple models (cubic polynomials), we can predict FEV1 from statistically significant bacteria sequences within 98% accuracy when training on sufficiently large samples.
文摘Burn damage can lead to a state of immune dysregulation that facilitates the development of infections in patients.The most deleterious impact of this dysfunction is the loss of the skin’s natural protective barrier.Furthermore,the risk of infection is exacerbated by protracted hospitalization,urinary catheters,endotracheal intubation,inhalation injury,arterial lines and central venous access,among other mainstays of burn care.Currently,infections comprise the leading cause of mortality after major burn injuries,which highlights the improvements observed over the last 50 years in the care provided to burn victims.The need to implement the empirical selection of antibiotic therapy to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria may concomitantly lead to an overall pervasiveness of difficult-to-treat pathogens in burn centres,as well as the propagation of antimicrobial resistance and the ultimate dysregulation of a healthy microbiome.While preliminary studies are examining the variability and evolution of human and mice microbiota,both during the early and late phase burn injury,one must consider that abnormal microbiome conditions could influence the systemic inflammatory response.A better understanding of the changes in the postburn microbiome might be useful to interpret the provenance and subsequent development of infections,as well as to come up with inferences on the prognosis of burn patients.This review aims to summarise the current findings describing the microbiological changes in different organs and systems of burn patients and how these alterations affect the risks of infections,complications,and,ultimately,healing.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.81773147,81972198,and 81472695)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan(No.2019SK2253)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Central South University(No.ZLXD2017004)the Natural Science Foundation,Changsha(No.kq2208299).
文摘Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Tobacco smoking and air pollution are believed to be responsible for more than 90%of lung cancers.Respiratory pathogens are also known to be associated with the initiation and development of lung cancer.Despite the fact that the bacterial biomass in the lungs is lower than that in the intestinal tract,emerging evidence indicates that the lung is colonized by a diverse array of microbes.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the role of dysbiosis of the lung microbiota in the progression of lung cancer.In this review,we summarize the current information about the relationship between the microbiome and lung cancer.The objective is to provide an overview of the core composition of the microbiota in lung cancer as well as the role of specific dysbiosis of the lung microbiota in the progression of lung cancer and treatment of the disease.
