A limited number of researches have been reported to apply the Arrhenius equation to study the relationship between drugs and its degradation products so far.In the present work,the thermal degradation kinetics of lys...A limited number of researches have been reported to apply the Arrhenius equation to study the relationship between drugs and its degradation products so far.In the present work,the thermal degradation kinetics of lysine hydrochloride solutions for injection,the special solvent for ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate(SAM)for injection,was investigated at selected temperatures and pH values.The main degradation product of lysine was separated,purified,and confirmed as lysine lactam.A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic(RP-HPLC)method without derivation was developed for the simultaneous determination of lysine and lysine lactam.The results confirmed that both the lysine degradation and lysine lactam generation followed zero-order reaction kinetics.The degradation and generation rate constants increased with increasing temperatures and decreasing pH values.The temperature-dependent degradation and generation reaction could be sufficiently modeled on the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of 80.14 and 83.22 kJ/mol,respectively.Meanwhile,a linear relationship existed between the amount of lysine degradation and lysine lactam generation since the approximate activation energy.Considering there could be other side effects,we established an upper limit of lysine lactam(500 mg/ml),as the acceptable criteria for stability to estimate the shelf life together with lysine,which made the prediction more accurate and credible.Extrapolation data demonstrated that the lysine hydrochloride solutions for injection could be stable for two years stored at room temperature.展开更多
The diffusion coefficients of l-lysine hydrochloride and I-arginine hydrochloride in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ were determined by the metallic diaphragm cell method which is characterized by accuracy, promptness...The diffusion coefficients of l-lysine hydrochloride and I-arginine hydrochloride in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ were determined by the metallic diaphragm cell method which is characterized by accuracy, promptness and convenience. Meanwhile, the densities and viscosities of the solutions were also determined. Based on all these data a semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of solid organic salts in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ was proposed. The fitting result of this model is comparatively satisfactory. Compared to a former model, Gordon Model, this model can avoid a number of difficulties and arduous work.展开更多
To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Yinxing Damo （银杏达莫, YXDM） combined with Betahistine Hydrochloride Injection （BHI） on vertebra basilar artery ischemic vertigo （VBIV）. Methods： Ninety patients with VB...To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Yinxing Damo （银杏达莫, YXDM） combined with Betahistine Hydrochloride Injection （BHI） on vertebra basilar artery ischemic vertigo （VBIV）. Methods： Ninety patients with VBIV were randomly divided into two groups; 45 patients （the treated group） were treated with YXDM and BHI intravenous dripping, once a day for 14 days. Another 45 patients （control group） were treated with Xueshuantong （血栓通） and BHI intravenous dripping, once daily for 14 days. The clinical syndromes and the index of the transcranial Doppler （TCD） and hemorheology were observed. Results： The total effective rate was 100% in the treated group, which was better than that in the control group 90.5%, （P〈0. 05）. The indexes of TCD and hemorheology in the treated group were obviously improved after treatment, （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： YXDM combined with BHT injection had better effect in treating patients with VBIV is an ideal drug for VBIV.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that both salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine can promote protein expression of nerve growth factor （NGF） and regeneration of peripheral nerve. OBJECTIVE： To verify the effect of ...BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that both salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine can promote protein expression of nerve growth factor （NGF） and regeneration of peripheral nerve. OBJECTIVE： To verify the effect of salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection on axonal regeneration and NGF protein expression in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Institute of Bioengineering of Jinan University from July to December 2008. MATERIALS： Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection （containing 20 mg salviae miJtiorrhizae and 100 mg ligustrazine per 100 mL injection） was provided by Guizhou Baite Pharmaceutical, China; salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine decoctions （containing 1 g raw drug per 1 mL decoction） were provided by Guangzhou Baiyunshan Factory for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; rabbit-anti-rat NGF monoclonal antibody was provided by Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology, China. METHODS： A total of 80 healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish a sciatic nerve injury model via neurotomy, and were then randomly assigned to 4 groups： salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection group （intraperitoneal injection of 35 mL/kg per day salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection）, saIviae miltiorrhizae group （intragastric peffusion of 2 mL salviae miltiorrhizae）, ligustrazine group （intragastric peffusion of 2 mL ligustrazine）, and model group （intraperitoneal injection of 35 mL/kg per day saline）, with 20 rats in each group. Thereafter, rats in each group were then divided into 4 subgroups according to varying time points of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, with 5 rats in each subgroup. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Axons were quantified using chromotrope 2R-brilliant green and silver staining combined with image analysis to calculate the axonal regeneration rate; NGF expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis; toe interspace was measured by behavior at 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS： With increasing time after sciatic nerve expression, and toe interspace gradually increased njury, the axonal regeneration rate, NGF protein At 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery, axonal regeneration rate and NGF protein expression were significantly increased in the injured tissue of the salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection, salviae miltiorrhizae, and ligustrazine groups, compared with the model group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, and toe interspace was remarkably enlarged （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, especially in the salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection group. CONCLUSION： Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection promoted axonal regeneration and NGF protein expression in the injured sciatic nerve, and also enhanced neurofunctional recovery. Its effect was superior to salviae miltiorrhizae or ligustrazine alone.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia on serum inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter index and immune function in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Met...Objective:To investigate the effect of oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia on serum inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter index and immune function in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: According to random data table, 113 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into control group (n=57) and observation group (n=56), patients in the control group were treated with sufentanil citrate injection analgesia, and the observation group patients were given oxycodone hydrochloride injection analgesia, level of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], neurotransmitter index [5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), P substance] and immune function index [CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+] of two groups between preoperative and postoperative 1d were compared.Results: There were no significant difference in level of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-HT, P substance, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups preoperative. Compared with the level of the same group preoperative, at postoperative 1 d level of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-HT, P substance, CD8+were significantly increased, moreover level in the observation group were significantly lower compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant;Postoperative 1 d, level of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than the preoperative level within the group, and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion: Oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factors and neurotransmitter index release, improve immune function, has an important clinical value.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection on serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology in patients with acute...Objective:To study the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection on serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology in patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction.Methods:A total of 90 patientswith acute cerebral watershed infarction in our hospital from August 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=45) and the treatment group (n=45) randomly. The control group was treated with hydroxyethyl starch injection, the treatment group was treated withsalvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection, and both the two groups were treated for 2 weeks. The serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology of the two groups before and after treatments were compared.Results:There were no significantly differences of the serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology of the two groups before treatment. The serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B proteinlevels of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group. The PV, Lr, Mr, Hr and RE of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion:Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injectioncan significantlyimprovetheneurological function and hemorheology, reduce inflammation of the patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction, and it was worthy clinical application.展开更多
目的:通过文献检索分析阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液(atocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection,AHETI)所致过敏反应的流行病学特点,为临床该药的用药安全提供参考。方法:以“阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液(atocaine hydrochlori...目的:通过文献检索分析阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液(atocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection,AHETI)所致过敏反应的流行病学特点,为临床该药的用药安全提供参考。方法:以“阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液(atocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection)”“、过敏反应(anaphylaxis or anaphylactic response)”“、药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction)”等位关键词,在中国知网、万方数据库、重庆维普、PubMed、Springer、Elsevier等国内外数据库中检索截至2022年12月31日的所有相关案例文献,采集相关病例的年龄、性别、所患疾病和AHETI的用法用量,以及所致过敏反应的发生时间、严重程度、临床表现和转归情况等信息,分析AHETI所致过敏反应的流行病学特点。结果:在数据库中共检索到相关案例文献22篇,涉及病例23例;其中,性别上以女性为主(18例,占78.26%),年龄上以>20~40岁为主(12例,占52.17%);23例患者中,其诊断主要为牙髓炎(6例,占26.09%)、慢性牙周炎(5例,占21.74%)和拔牙术(4例,占17.39%),过敏反应的发生时间主要集中在用药后的10min内(12例,占52.17%),过敏反应主要的累及器官有皮肤及其附件、神经肌肉、循环系统和呼吸系统;经过对症处置,23例患者全部好转。结论:AHETI所致过敏反应在患者年龄和性别、发生时间和临床表现上有其特点,对此临床应积极关注,并做好防护,以保证患者的用药安全。展开更多
文摘A limited number of researches have been reported to apply the Arrhenius equation to study the relationship between drugs and its degradation products so far.In the present work,the thermal degradation kinetics of lysine hydrochloride solutions for injection,the special solvent for ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate(SAM)for injection,was investigated at selected temperatures and pH values.The main degradation product of lysine was separated,purified,and confirmed as lysine lactam.A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic(RP-HPLC)method without derivation was developed for the simultaneous determination of lysine and lysine lactam.The results confirmed that both the lysine degradation and lysine lactam generation followed zero-order reaction kinetics.The degradation and generation rate constants increased with increasing temperatures and decreasing pH values.The temperature-dependent degradation and generation reaction could be sufficiently modeled on the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of 80.14 and 83.22 kJ/mol,respectively.Meanwhile,a linear relationship existed between the amount of lysine degradation and lysine lactam generation since the approximate activation energy.Considering there could be other side effects,we established an upper limit of lysine lactam(500 mg/ml),as the acceptable criteria for stability to estimate the shelf life together with lysine,which made the prediction more accurate and credible.Extrapolation data demonstrated that the lysine hydrochloride solutions for injection could be stable for two years stored at room temperature.
文摘The diffusion coefficients of l-lysine hydrochloride and I-arginine hydrochloride in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ were determined by the metallic diaphragm cell method which is characterized by accuracy, promptness and convenience. Meanwhile, the densities and viscosities of the solutions were also determined. Based on all these data a semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of solid organic salts in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ was proposed. The fitting result of this model is comparatively satisfactory. Compared to a former model, Gordon Model, this model can avoid a number of difficulties and arduous work.
文摘To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Yinxing Damo （银杏达莫, YXDM） combined with Betahistine Hydrochloride Injection （BHI） on vertebra basilar artery ischemic vertigo （VBIV）. Methods： Ninety patients with VBIV were randomly divided into two groups; 45 patients （the treated group） were treated with YXDM and BHI intravenous dripping, once a day for 14 days. Another 45 patients （control group） were treated with Xueshuantong （血栓通） and BHI intravenous dripping, once daily for 14 days. The clinical syndromes and the index of the transcranial Doppler （TCD） and hemorheology were observed. Results： The total effective rate was 100% in the treated group, which was better than that in the control group 90.5%, （P〈0. 05）. The indexes of TCD and hemorheology in the treated group were obviously improved after treatment, （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： YXDM combined with BHT injection had better effect in treating patients with VBIV is an ideal drug for VBIV.
基金Supported by: the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province, No. 5300544High-Tech Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, No. 2009B030801238+3 种基金2006B35602009the Grants from Guangdong Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2008092 1060114the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangzhou,No.2009Z1-E091
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that both salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine can promote protein expression of nerve growth factor （NGF） and regeneration of peripheral nerve. OBJECTIVE： To verify the effect of salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection on axonal regeneration and NGF protein expression in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Institute of Bioengineering of Jinan University from July to December 2008. MATERIALS： Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection （containing 20 mg salviae miJtiorrhizae and 100 mg ligustrazine per 100 mL injection） was provided by Guizhou Baite Pharmaceutical, China; salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine decoctions （containing 1 g raw drug per 1 mL decoction） were provided by Guangzhou Baiyunshan Factory for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; rabbit-anti-rat NGF monoclonal antibody was provided by Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology, China. METHODS： A total of 80 healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish a sciatic nerve injury model via neurotomy, and were then randomly assigned to 4 groups： salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection group （intraperitoneal injection of 35 mL/kg per day salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection）, saIviae miltiorrhizae group （intragastric peffusion of 2 mL salviae miltiorrhizae）, ligustrazine group （intragastric peffusion of 2 mL ligustrazine）, and model group （intraperitoneal injection of 35 mL/kg per day saline）, with 20 rats in each group. Thereafter, rats in each group were then divided into 4 subgroups according to varying time points of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, with 5 rats in each subgroup. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Axons were quantified using chromotrope 2R-brilliant green and silver staining combined with image analysis to calculate the axonal regeneration rate; NGF expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis; toe interspace was measured by behavior at 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS： With increasing time after sciatic nerve expression, and toe interspace gradually increased njury, the axonal regeneration rate, NGF protein At 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery, axonal regeneration rate and NGF protein expression were significantly increased in the injured tissue of the salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection, salviae miltiorrhizae, and ligustrazine groups, compared with the model group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, and toe interspace was remarkably enlarged （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, especially in the salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection group. CONCLUSION： Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection promoted axonal regeneration and NGF protein expression in the injured sciatic nerve, and also enhanced neurofunctional recovery. Its effect was superior to salviae miltiorrhizae or ligustrazine alone.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia on serum inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter index and immune function in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: According to random data table, 113 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into control group (n=57) and observation group (n=56), patients in the control group were treated with sufentanil citrate injection analgesia, and the observation group patients were given oxycodone hydrochloride injection analgesia, level of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], neurotransmitter index [5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), P substance] and immune function index [CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+] of two groups between preoperative and postoperative 1d were compared.Results: There were no significant difference in level of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-HT, P substance, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups preoperative. Compared with the level of the same group preoperative, at postoperative 1 d level of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-HT, P substance, CD8+were significantly increased, moreover level in the observation group were significantly lower compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant;Postoperative 1 d, level of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than the preoperative level within the group, and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion: Oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factors and neurotransmitter index release, improve immune function, has an important clinical value.
基金Hubei Natural Science Foundation Project Plan 2015(2015-cEV129).
文摘Objective:To study the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection on serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology in patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction.Methods:A total of 90 patientswith acute cerebral watershed infarction in our hospital from August 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=45) and the treatment group (n=45) randomly. The control group was treated with hydroxyethyl starch injection, the treatment group was treated withsalvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injection, and both the two groups were treated for 2 weeks. The serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology of the two groups before and after treatments were compared.Results:There were no significantly differences of the serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B protein and hemorheology of the two groups before treatment. The serum BNP, Hcy, MMP-2, S100B proteinlevels of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group. The PV, Lr, Mr, Hr and RE of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion:Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with hydroxyethyl starch injectioncan significantlyimprovetheneurological function and hemorheology, reduce inflammation of the patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction, and it was worthy clinical application.
文摘目的:通过文献检索分析阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液(atocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection,AHETI)所致过敏反应的流行病学特点,为临床该药的用药安全提供参考。方法:以“阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液(atocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection)”“、过敏反应(anaphylaxis or anaphylactic response)”“、药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction)”等位关键词,在中国知网、万方数据库、重庆维普、PubMed、Springer、Elsevier等国内外数据库中检索截至2022年12月31日的所有相关案例文献,采集相关病例的年龄、性别、所患疾病和AHETI的用法用量,以及所致过敏反应的发生时间、严重程度、临床表现和转归情况等信息,分析AHETI所致过敏反应的流行病学特点。结果:在数据库中共检索到相关案例文献22篇,涉及病例23例;其中,性别上以女性为主(18例,占78.26%),年龄上以>20~40岁为主(12例,占52.17%);23例患者中,其诊断主要为牙髓炎(6例,占26.09%)、慢性牙周炎(5例,占21.74%)和拔牙术(4例,占17.39%),过敏反应的发生时间主要集中在用药后的10min内(12例,占52.17%),过敏反应主要的累及器官有皮肤及其附件、神经肌肉、循环系统和呼吸系统;经过对症处置,23例患者全部好转。结论:AHETI所致过敏反应在患者年龄和性别、发生时间和临床表现上有其特点,对此临床应积极关注,并做好防护,以保证患者的用药安全。
