The atmospheric temperatures and densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)region are essential for studying the dynamics and climate of the middle and upper atmosphere.In this study,we present more than ...The atmospheric temperatures and densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)region are essential for studying the dynamics and climate of the middle and upper atmosphere.In this study,we present more than 9 years of mesopause temperatures and relative densities estimated by using ambipolar diffusion coefficient measurements observed by the Mengcheng meteor radar(33.4°N,116.5°E).The intercomparison between the meteor radar and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry(TIMED/SABER)and Earth Observing System(EOS)Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)observations indicates that the meteor radar temperatures and densities agree well with the simultaneous satellite measurements.Annual variations dominate the mesopause temperatures,with the maximum during winter and the minimum during summer.The mesopause relative densities also show annual variations,with strong maxima near the spring equinox and weak maxima before the winter solstice,and with a minimum during summer.In addition,the mesopause density exhibits a structure similar to that of the zonal wind:as the zonal wind flows eastward(westward),the mesopause density decreases(increases).At the same time,the meridional wind shows a structure similar to that of the mesopause temperature:as the meridional wind shows northward(southward)enhancements,the mesopause temperature increases(decreases).Simultaneous horizontal wind,temperature,and density observations provide multiple mesospheric parameters for investigating mesospheric dynamics and thermodynamic processes and have the potential to improve widely used empirical atmospheric models.展开更多
Data obtained from the mobile SOUSY VHF radar at And(ya/Norway in summer 1987 have been used to study the nonlinear interactions between planetary waves, tides and gravity waves in the polar mesosphere, and the instab...Data obtained from the mobile SOUSY VHF radar at And(ya/Norway in summer 1987 have been used to study the nonlinear interactions between planetary waves, tides and gravity waves in the polar mesosphere, and the instability of background atmosphere above the mesopause. It is observed that 35-h planetary wave, diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal tides are the prominent perturbations in the Lomb-Scargle spectra of the zonal wind component. By inspecting the frequency combinations, several triads are identified. By bispectral analysis it is shown that most bispectral peaks stand for quadratic coupling between tidal harmonics or between tide and planetary or gravity wave, and the height dependence of bispectral peaks reflects the variation of wave-wave interactions. Above the mesopause, the occurrence heights of the maximum L-S power spectral peaks corresponding to the prominent wave components tend to increase with their frequencies. This may result from the process in which two low frequency waves interact to generate a high frequency wave. Intensities of the planetary wave and tides increase gradually, arrive at their maxima, and then decay quickly in turn with increasing height. This kind of scene correlates with a 'chain' of wave-wave resonant interactions that shifts with height from lower frequency segment to higher frequency segment. By instability analysis, it is observed that above the mesopause, the Richardson number becomes smaller and smaller with height, implying that the turbulent motion grows stronger and stronger and accordingly the background atmosphere more and more instable. It is suggested that the wave-wave sum resonant interaction and the wave dissipation due to instability are two dominant dynamical processes that occur in the mesopause region. The former invokes the energy transfer from lower frequency waves to higher frequency waves. The latter results in the heating of the atmosphere and accelerating of the background flow.展开更多
Many observations have revealed the complex motions of the atmosphere because of the rapid developement of experiment technique. However, as compared with numerical stimulations of atmospheric dynamic system, little i...Many observations have revealed the complex motions of the atmosphere because of the rapid developement of experiment technique. However, as compared with numerical stimulations of atmospheric dynamic system, little is known about the complexity occurring in the real atmosphere. The chaotic motion can usually be described by 3 characteristic quantities for the dissipative motion of the atmosphere: dimension, Lyapunov exponent展开更多
The global atmospheric static stability(N2)in the middle atmosphere and its relation to gravity waves(GWs)were investigated by using the temperature profiles measured by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband ...The global atmospheric static stability(N2)in the middle atmosphere and its relation to gravity waves(GWs)were investigated by using the temperature profiles measured by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument from 2002 to 2018.At low latitudes,a layer with enhanced N2 occurs at an altitude of^20 km and exhibits annual oscillations caused by tropopause inversion layers.Above an altitude of^70 km,enhanced N2 exhibits semiannual oscillations at low latitudes caused by the mesosphere inversion layers and annual oscillations at high latitudes resulting from the downward shift of the summer mesopause.The correlation coefficients between N2 and GW amplitudes can be larger than 0.8 at latitudes poleward of^40°N/S.This observation provides factual evidence that a large N2 supports large-amplitude GWs and indicates that N2 plays a dominant role in maintaining GWs at least at high latitudes of the middle atmosphere.This evidence also partially explains the previous results regarding the phase changes of annual oscillations of GWs at high latitudes.展开更多
A time-dependent two-dimensional photochemical-dynamical coupling gravity wave model of sodium layer is developed, which combines the sodium photochemical theory, a time-dependent two-dimensional atmospheric photochem...A time-dependent two-dimensional photochemical-dynamical coupling gravity wave model of sodium layer is developed, which combines the sodium photochemical theory, a time-dependent two-dimensional atmospheric photochemical model, a two-dimensional gravity wave model, and the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-95)with the diabatic process induced by photochemical reactions and the transport of chemical species by gravity waves included. The pseudospectral method is used in the horizontal direction, the finite difference approximations are used in vertical direction z and time t. And FICE method is used to solve the model. The simulation results indicate that intense perturbations of the sodium layer can be induced by the propagation of gravity waves. The results are consistent with the observations.展开更多
A nonlinear, compressible, non-isothermal gravity wave model that involves photochemistry is used to study the effects of gravity wave on atmospheric chemical species distributions in this paper. The changes in the di...A nonlinear, compressible, non-isothermal gravity wave model that involves photochemistry is used to study the effects of gravity wave on atmospheric chemical species distributions in this paper. The changes in the distributions of oxygen compound and hydrogen compound density induced by gravity wave propagation are simulated. The results indicate that when a gravity wave propagates through a mesopause region, even if it does not break, it can influence the background distributions of chemical species. The effect of gravity wave on chemical species at night is larger than in daytime.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42125402 and 42174183)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFF0503703)+5 种基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB41000000)the foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environmentthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Chinese Meridian Projectfunded by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2008085MD113)the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory (No. MENGO-202209)
文摘The atmospheric temperatures and densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)region are essential for studying the dynamics and climate of the middle and upper atmosphere.In this study,we present more than 9 years of mesopause temperatures and relative densities estimated by using ambipolar diffusion coefficient measurements observed by the Mengcheng meteor radar(33.4°N,116.5°E).The intercomparison between the meteor radar and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry(TIMED/SABER)and Earth Observing System(EOS)Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)observations indicates that the meteor radar temperatures and densities agree well with the simultaneous satellite measurements.Annual variations dominate the mesopause temperatures,with the maximum during winter and the minimum during summer.The mesopause relative densities also show annual variations,with strong maxima near the spring equinox and weak maxima before the winter solstice,and with a minimum during summer.In addition,the mesopause density exhibits a structure similar to that of the zonal wind:as the zonal wind flows eastward(westward),the mesopause density decreases(increases).At the same time,the meridional wind shows a structure similar to that of the mesopause temperature:as the meridional wind shows northward(southward)enhancements,the mesopause temperature increases(decreases).Simultaneous horizontal wind,temperature,and density observations provide multiple mesospheric parameters for investigating mesospheric dynamics and thermodynamic processes and have the potential to improve widely used empirical atmospheric models.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 49625407 and grant 49990450
文摘Data obtained from the mobile SOUSY VHF radar at And(ya/Norway in summer 1987 have been used to study the nonlinear interactions between planetary waves, tides and gravity waves in the polar mesosphere, and the instability of background atmosphere above the mesopause. It is observed that 35-h planetary wave, diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal tides are the prominent perturbations in the Lomb-Scargle spectra of the zonal wind component. By inspecting the frequency combinations, several triads are identified. By bispectral analysis it is shown that most bispectral peaks stand for quadratic coupling between tidal harmonics or between tide and planetary or gravity wave, and the height dependence of bispectral peaks reflects the variation of wave-wave interactions. Above the mesopause, the occurrence heights of the maximum L-S power spectral peaks corresponding to the prominent wave components tend to increase with their frequencies. This may result from the process in which two low frequency waves interact to generate a high frequency wave. Intensities of the planetary wave and tides increase gradually, arrive at their maxima, and then decay quickly in turn with increasing height. This kind of scene correlates with a 'chain' of wave-wave resonant interactions that shifts with height from lower frequency segment to higher frequency segment. By instability analysis, it is observed that above the mesopause, the Richardson number becomes smaller and smaller with height, implying that the turbulent motion grows stronger and stronger and accordingly the background atmosphere more and more instable. It is suggested that the wave-wave sum resonant interaction and the wave dissipation due to instability are two dominant dynamical processes that occur in the mesopause region. The former invokes the energy transfer from lower frequency waves to higher frequency waves. The latter results in the heating of the atmosphere and accelerating of the background flow.
文摘Many observations have revealed the complex motions of the atmosphere because of the rapid developement of experiment technique. However, as compared with numerical stimulations of atmospheric dynamic system, little is known about the complexity occurring in the real atmosphere. The chaotic motion can usually be described by 3 characteristic quantities for the dissipative motion of the atmosphere: dimension, Lyapunov exponent
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 41831073 and 41874182).
文摘The global atmospheric static stability(N2)in the middle atmosphere and its relation to gravity waves(GWs)were investigated by using the temperature profiles measured by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument from 2002 to 2018.At low latitudes,a layer with enhanced N2 occurs at an altitude of^20 km and exhibits annual oscillations caused by tropopause inversion layers.Above an altitude of^70 km,enhanced N2 exhibits semiannual oscillations at low latitudes caused by the mesosphere inversion layers and annual oscillations at high latitudes resulting from the downward shift of the summer mesopause.The correlation coefficients between N2 and GW amplitudes can be larger than 0.8 at latitudes poleward of^40°N/S.This observation provides factual evidence that a large N2 supports large-amplitude GWs and indicates that N2 plays a dominant role in maintaining GWs at least at high latitudes of the middle atmosphere.This evidence also partially explains the previous results regarding the phase changes of annual oscillations of GWs at high latitudes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (40225011) the National Research Project (G2000078407) project of CAS (KZCX3-SW-217).
文摘A time-dependent two-dimensional photochemical-dynamical coupling gravity wave model of sodium layer is developed, which combines the sodium photochemical theory, a time-dependent two-dimensional atmospheric photochemical model, a two-dimensional gravity wave model, and the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-95)with the diabatic process induced by photochemical reactions and the transport of chemical species by gravity waves included. The pseudospectral method is used in the horizontal direction, the finite difference approximations are used in vertical direction z and time t. And FICE method is used to solve the model. The simulation results indicate that intense perturbations of the sodium layer can be induced by the propagation of gravity waves. The results are consistent with the observations.
基金National Research Project (G2000078407) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49974038, 49990454).
文摘A nonlinear, compressible, non-isothermal gravity wave model that involves photochemistry is used to study the effects of gravity wave on atmospheric chemical species distributions in this paper. The changes in the distributions of oxygen compound and hydrogen compound density induced by gravity wave propagation are simulated. The results indicate that when a gravity wave propagates through a mesopause region, even if it does not break, it can influence the background distributions of chemical species. The effect of gravity wave on chemical species at night is larger than in daytime.
