The Fengcheng Formation is a crucial source rock and the primary reservoir for oil accumulation in the Mahu Sag.Crude oils are distributed throughout the Fengcheng Formation,ranging from the edge to the interior of th...The Fengcheng Formation is a crucial source rock and the primary reservoir for oil accumulation in the Mahu Sag.Crude oils are distributed throughout the Fengcheng Formation,ranging from the edge to the interior of the sag in the southern Mahu Sag.These crude oils originate from in-situ source rocks in shallowly buried areas and the inner deep sag.During migration,the crude oil from the inner deep sag affects the source rocks close to carrier beds,leading to changes in the organic geochemical characteristics of the source rocks.These changes might alter source rock evaluations and oil-source correlation.Based on data such as total organic carbon(TOC),Rock-Eval pyrolysis of source rocks,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)of the saturated fraction,and considering the geological characteristics of the study area,we define the identification characteristics of source rock affected by migrated hydrocarbons and establish the various patterns of influence that migrated hydrocarbons have on the source rock of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern Mahu Sag.The source rocks of the Fengcheng Formation are mostly fair to good,containing mainly Type II organic matter and being thermally mature enough to generate oil.Source rocks affected by migrated hydrocarbons exhibit relatively high hydrocarbon contents(S1/TOC>110 mg HC/g TOC,Extract/TOC>30%,HC:hydrocarbon),relatively low Rock-Eval Tmax values,and relatively high tricyclic terpane contents with a descending and mountain-shaped distribution.Furthermore,biomarker composition parameters indicate a higher thermal maturity than in-situ source rocks.Through a comparison of the extract biomarker fingerprints of adjacent reservoirs and mudstones in different boreholes,three types of influence patterns of migrated hydrocarbons are identified:the edge-influence of thin sandstone-thick mudstone,the mixed-influence of sandstone-mudstone interbedded,and the full-influence of thick sandstone-thin mudstone.This finding reminds us that the influence of migrated hydrocarbons must be considered when evaluating source rocks and conducting oil-source correlation.展开更多
Background: An Intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting reversible contraceptive commonly used in clinical practice. Its insertion in the uterus is simple and safe. But sometimes, complications can occur. Case Repor...Background: An Intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting reversible contraceptive commonly used in clinical practice. Its insertion in the uterus is simple and safe. But sometimes, complications can occur. Case Report: Herein, we report a case of successful laparoscopic removal of a missing IUD Copper-T, mis-inserted in a 32-year-old woman, 4 months after she delivered by caesarian section, and presented persistent lower abdominal pain lasting 6 months. Uterine ultrasound was unremarkable, but a plain abdominopelvic X-ray confirmed the presence of the Copper-T inside the abdominal cavity. Conclusion: Insertion of IUD is simple and safe. When the diagnosis of uterine perforation following its insertion is clinically suspected and radiologically confirmed, laparoscopy, when available, remains one of the best options for removal.展开更多
BACKGROUND A foreign body in the digestive tract is a common disease in the clinic.However,it is rare for a foreign body to migrate into the liver.Most patients are diagnosed before or after perforation of the digesti...BACKGROUND A foreign body in the digestive tract is a common disease in the clinic.However,it is rare for a foreign body to migrate into the liver.Most patients are diagnosed before or after perforation of the digestive tract.Laparoscopic removal of intrahepatic foreign bodies is an effective treatment method.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to fever for 3 d,in addition to pain and discomfort in the right side of his waist.After admission,abdominal computed tomography showed a foreign body in the liver,and gastroscopy did not indicate obvious erosion or ulcers.The patient then underwent laparoscopic surgery.During the operation,an abscess was seen near the gastric antrum and between the caudate lobes of the liver.It was approximately 30 mm×31 mm×23 mm in size.The abscess was cut open,and a fish bone was found inside.The fish bone had penetrated the liver and was successfully removed.It was confirmed that the fish bone migrated from the stomach to the liver.CONCLUSION Although intrahepatic foreign bodies are rare,they should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible to avoid serious complications such as intrahepatic abscess,which may lead to liver resection and even life-threatening events.展开更多
BACKGROUND The technique of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD)as a transforaminal approach has been used to treat highly migrated lower lumbar disc herniations.However,due to the different anatomic charac...BACKGROUND The technique of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD)as a transforaminal approach has been used to treat highly migrated lower lumbar disc herniations.However,due to the different anatomic characteristics of the upper lumbar spine,conventional transforaminal PELD may fail to remove the highly migrated upper lumbar disc nucleus pulposus.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to describe a novel surgical technique,two-level PELD,for the treatment of highly migrated upper lumbar disc herniations and to report its related clinical outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male presented with a complaint of pain at his lower back and right lower limb.The patient received 3 mo of conservative treatments but the symptoms were not alleviated.Physical examination revealed a positive femoral nerve stretch test and a negative straight leg raise test for the right leg,and preoperative visual analog scale(VAS)score for the lower back was 6 points and for the right leg was 8 points.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)demonstrated L2-L3 disc herniation on the right side and the herniated nucleus pulposus migrated to the upper margin of L2 vertebral body.According to physical examination and imaging findings,surgery was the primary consideration.Therefore,the patient underwent surgical treatment with two-level PELD.The pain symptom was relieved and the VAS score for back and thigh pain was one point postoperatively.The patient was asymptomatic and follow-up MRI scan 1 year after operation revealed no residual nucleus pulposus.CONCLUSION Two-level PELD as a transforaminal approach can be a safe and effective procedure for highly migrated upper lumbar disc herniation.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Stent migration in the hepatopancreatic duct might arise as one of the rare complications associated with biliary or pancreatic stenting.Although there are some procedures to retrieve the migrated stent,inc...BACKGROUND:Stent migration in the hepatopancreatic duct might arise as one of the rare complications associated with biliary or pancreatic stenting.Although there are some procedures to retrieve the migrated stent,including surgical,percutaneous,and endoscopic approaches,endoscopy should be attempted first because it is least invasive.This study set out to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic retrieval of migrated biliary and pancreatic stents.METHODS:Plastic stents that migrated in the bile duct(35 patients)or pancreatic duct(2)were retrieved with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Devices used were snare forceps,a basket catheter,grasping forceps,biopsy forceps,a balloon catheter,and the Soehendra stent retriever.RESULTS:Endoscopic retrieval of migrated stents was performed successfully in 36(97.0%)of the 37 patients.The devices utilized for successful treatment were basket catheter(13 patients),grasping forceps(10),snare forceps(8),balloon catheter(3),biopsy forceps(1),and the Soehendra stent retriever(1).The unsuccessfully treated patient with chronic pancreatitis underwent surgery since the guide wire did not move forward due to bile duct stenosis,and there was also duodenal stenosis.One patient developed mild pancreatitis after withdrawal of the stent;the pancreatitis was relieved with conservative treatment.CONCLUSIONS:Endoscopic retrieval of migrated biliary and pancreatic stents appears to be useful because of its safety and low invasiveness.However,various forceps should be prepared for the retrieval of a migrated stent.展开更多
We report a successful endovascular technique using a snare with a suture for retrieving a migrated broken peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)in a chemotherapy patient.A 62-year-old male received monthly chem...We report a successful endovascular technique using a snare with a suture for retrieving a migrated broken peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)in a chemotherapy patient.A 62-year-old male received monthly chemotherapy through a central venous port implanted into his right subclavian area.The patient completed chemotherapy without complications 1 mo ago;however,he experienced pain in the right subclavian area during his last chemotherapy session.Computed tomography on that day showed migration of a broken PICC in his left pulmonary artery,for which the patient was admitted to our hospital.We attempted to retrieve the ectopic PICC through the right jugular vein using a gooseneck snare,but were unsuccessful because the catheter was lodged in the pulmonary artery wall.Therefore,a second attempt was made through the right femoral vein using a snare with triple loops,but we could not grasp the migrated PICC.Finally,a string was tied to thetop of the snare,allowing us to curve the snare toward the pulmonary artery by pulling the string.Finally,the catheter body was grasped and retrieved.The endovascular suture technique is occasionally extremely useful and should be considered by interventional cardiologists for retrieving migrated catheters.展开更多
Endoscopic pancreatic stenting has been widely used in various pancreatic conditions. With the increasing use of pancreatic stents, many complications have been recognized. Especially, proximal stent migration present...Endoscopic pancreatic stenting has been widely used in various pancreatic conditions. With the increasing use of pancreatic stents, many complications have been recognized. Especially, proximal stent migration presents a serious condition because of subsequent pancreatic duct obstruction, impaired drainage, ductal dilation, and pancreatic pain. Although endoscopic retrieval is the preferred treatment for proximally migrated pancreatic stents, it is not always successful, resulting in conversion to surgery. To date, endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage(EUS-PD) has never been reported for treatment of pancreatic duct obstruction caused by proximally migrated pancreatic stent. We herein describe a case of pancreatic duct rupture and obstruction caused by proximally migrated pancreatic stent that was successfully treated by EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy while keeping the former stent in situ after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We believe that this report adds to the increasing evidence of symptomatic pancreatic duct obstruction being successfully treated by EUS-PD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bowel perforation from biliary stent migration is a serious potential complication of biliary stents,but fortunately has an incidence of less than 1%.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 54-year-old Caucasian...BACKGROUND Bowel perforation from biliary stent migration is a serious potential complication of biliary stents,but fortunately has an incidence of less than 1%.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 54-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of Human Immunodeficiency virus with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,alcoholic liver cirrhosis,portal vein thrombosis and extensive past surgical history who presented with acute abdominal pain and local peritonitis.On further evaluation she was diagnosed with small bowel perforation secondary to migrated biliary stents and underwent exploratory laparotomy with therapeutic intervention.CONCLUSION This case presentation reports on the unusual finding of two migrated biliary stents,with one causing perforation.In addition,we review the relevant literature on migrated stents.展开更多
AIM: To report a successful surgical management of silicone oil migrated into suprachoroidal space after the repair of the retinal detachment with hemorrhagic choroidal detachment. METHODS: Retrospective observational...AIM: To report a successful surgical management of silicone oil migrated into suprachoroidal space after the repair of the retinal detachment with hemorrhagic choroidal detachment. METHODS: Retrospective observational case report. A 30-year-old man with retinal detachment and hemorrhagic choroidal detachment due to severe corneal penetrating injury, underwent a pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy, endolaser, and silicone oil tamponade followed by transscleral suprachoroidal hemorrhage drainage in the right eye. One week later, a localised temporal choroid elevation was noted. This persistent elevation was confirmed by operation research to be silicone oil migration into suprachoroidal space. RESULTS: The migrated silicone oil was drained via trans-scleral cut down, and the intravitreal silicone oil was removed and replaced by 16% C2F6. Over the next 2 weeks, the elevation vanished and the choroid became completely flat. CONCLUSION: The migration of silicone oil into suprachoroidal space is a rare complication of vitrectomy. The pathway of the migration is most likely through internal orifice of sclerotomy sites. Trans-scleral drainage surgery is an effective method to remove the migrated silicone oil from suprachoroidal space.展开更多
Transmural migrated retained sponges usually impact at the level of the ileo-cecal valve leading to a small bowel obstruction.Once passed through the ileo-cecal valve,a retained sponge can be propelled forward by peri...Transmural migrated retained sponges usually impact at the level of the ileo-cecal valve leading to a small bowel obstruction.Once passed through the ileo-cecal valve,a retained sponge can be propelled forward by peristaltic activity and eliminated with feces.We report the case of a 52-year-old female with a past surgical history and recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and constipation.On physical examination,a generalized resistance was observed with tenderness in the right flank.Contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography findings were consistent with a perforated right colonic diverticulitis with several out-pouchings at the level of the ascending colon and evidence of free air in the right parieto-colic gutter along with an air-fluid collection within the mesentery.In addition,a ring-shaped hyperdense intraluminal material was also noted.At surgery,the ascending colon appeared irregularly thickened and folded with a focal wall interruption and a peri-visceral abscess at the level of the hepatic flexure,but no diverticula were found.A right hemi-colectomy was performed and on dissection of the surgical specimen a retained laparotomy sponge was found in the bowel lumen.展开更多
The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricle in forebrain, retains a population of neuronalprecursors with the ability of proliferation in adult mammals. To test the potential of neuronal precursorsin a...The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricle in forebrain, retains a population of neuronalprecursors with the ability of proliferation in adult mammals. To test the potential of neuronal precursorsin adult mice, we transplanted adult SVZ cells labeled with fluorescent dye PKH26 into the lateral ventricleof the mouse brain in different development stages. The preliminary results indicated that the graftedcells were able to survive and migrate into multiple regions of the recipient brain, including SVZ, the thirdventricle, thalamus, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, cerebellum and olfactory bulb etc; and the amountof survival cells in different brain regions was correlated with the development stage of the recipient brain.Immunohistochemical studies showed that most of the grafted cells migrating into the specific target couldexpress neuronal or astrocytic marker. Our results revealed that the neuronal precursors in adult SVZstill retained immortality and ability of proliferation, which is likely to be induced by some environmentalfactors.展开更多
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT)is a cellular program that drives de-differentiation of cells in both physiological and pathological processes.One of the characteristics of cells describing an EMT is the(...The epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT)is a cellular program that drives de-differentiation of cells in both physiological and pathological processes.One of the characteristics of cells describing an EMT is the(re)acquisition of a motility capacity that allows them to migrate through the original tissue as well as to other sites in the organism.The molecular mechanisms that control the EMT are rapidly emerging and here we add to the idea that the adaptation required for cells to commit to the EMT includes adjustments of the translation machinery and metabolic pathways to cope with a high demand of extracellular components.展开更多
The binding properties of neural cell adhesion molecule are modulated by a polysialic acid moiety. This plays an important role in the migration of adult born neuroblasts from their area of origin, the subventricular ...The binding properties of neural cell adhesion molecule are modulated by a polysialic acid moiety. This plays an important role in the migration of adult born neuroblasts from their area of origin, the subventricular zone, towards the olfactory bulb. Polysialisation increases the migration speed of the cells and helps to prevent the neuroblasts from leaving their migration route, the rostral migratory stream. Here, we evaluated the potential of intraventricular application of endoneuraminidase-N, an enzyme that specifically cleaves polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecule, in a rat model for structural prefrontal cortex damage. As expected, endoneuraminidase-N caused the rostral migratory stream to become wider, with a less uniform cellular orientation. Furthermore, endoneuraminidase-N treatment caused the neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards the lesioned tissue. Despite the neuroblasts not being differentiated into neurons after a survival time of three weeks, this technique provides a solid animal model for future work on the migration and differentiation of relocated neuroblasts and might provide a basis for a future endogenous stem cell-based therapy for structural brain damage. The experiments were approved by the local animal care committee(522-27-11/02-00, 115;Senatorin für Wissenschaft, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Bremen, Germany) on February 10, 2016.展开更多
BACKGROUND Indwelling inferior vena cava(IVC)filters might cause various complications,including filter penetration,filter fracture,filter migration,and thrombosis of the IVC.Penetration and migration complications ar...BACKGROUND Indwelling inferior vena cava(IVC)filters might cause various complications,including filter penetration,filter fracture,filter migration,and thrombosis of the IVC.Penetration and migration complications are common,while a caudal migrated double-basket filter with associated infected iliac pseudoaneurysm has seldom been reported.CASE SUMMARY We report a 64-year-old female admitted for sudden onset of severe right abdominal pain after IVC filter placement for 3 mo.The patient had a history of failed endovascular IVC filter retrieval.Computed tomography showed that the retrieval hook of the filter penetrated the right common iliac artery and vein,leading to right iliac artery pseudoaneurysm accompanied by right ureteral obstruction with ipsilateral hydronephrosis,and bilateral iliac veins were occluded.Emergency open repair was performed to remove the IVC filter,the right iliac pseudoaneurysm,and the compromised segments of the iliac veins and IVC with right common iliac artery reconstruction.Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the tissue culture.The patient was discharged on postoperative day 12 with anticoagulation therapy and antibiotic therapy after discharge.Six-month follow-up computed tomography revealed that the right common iliac artery was patent,and only mild hydronephrosis was detected.CONCLUSION An indwelling IVC filter,even‘embedded’within organized thrombus,could still cause life-threatening complications.Open procedures remain the last resort for IVC filters with severe complications.展开更多
Intra uterine device migration is a relatively rare event. The migration of the IUD in the surrounded viscera can be managed by endoscopy approach. Objectives: We reported our experience to determine the epidemiologic...Intra uterine device migration is a relatively rare event. The migration of the IUD in the surrounded viscera can be managed by endoscopy approach. Objectives: We reported our experience to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of patients that presented migrated IUD, to report clinical aspects and describe the laparoscopic management. Method: We conducted a descriptive and prospective survey from January 1st, 2014 to October 31, 2016. That survey took place in the department of gynecology and obstetrics of Point G Teaching hospital, Bamako, Mali. Population study concerned patients with intra uterine device complications. Statistic tests used have been X2 or Fisher test according their application conditions. P Results: Seventeen patients were included. Mean age of patients is 29 years with extremes of 13 years and 44 years. The main reference incitement of patients were perforation of the uterus and pelvis pain (27.8% for each), misplaced IUD (22.3%). Complications observed were intra uterine device migrated in to the bladder (1 case), in the abdomen (10 cases), in the ovary (2 cases) and in the uterine tuba (1 case). Three perforations were done without migration in to surrounded viscera. We used endoscopic surgery among all of them. But in one case we switched endoscopy method in to laparotomy because of important intra peritoneal bleeding to end the management of the patient. No death occurred and mean duration of the stay of hospitalization was 2 days. Conclusion: IUD migration is a scarce event. All the surrounded viscera can be the site of its migration. The management of that complication is usually done by endoscopy method.展开更多
Earth is inhomogeneous, which means its elastic characteristics change with depth. The seismic method employs the propagation of waves throughout the earth to locate different structures and stratigraphy. Understandin...Earth is inhomogeneous, which means its elastic characteristics change with depth. The seismic method employs the propagation of waves throughout the earth to locate different structures and stratigraphy. Understanding the wave propagation is an important matter in exploration seismology;therefore modeling of seismic wave is an important tool. To validate the interpreted earth model out of the seismic data, seismic synthetic seismograms should be generated in a process named “seismic forward modeling”. Finite difference method is used as one of the most common numerical modeling techniques. In this paper the accuracy of finite difference method in seismic section modeling is explored on different modeled data set of heterogeneous earth. It is shown that finite difference method completes with migration to reposition the events in their correct location. Two different migration methods are used and various velocities are also tested to determine an appropriate migration velocity. Finally the validly of finite difference modeling is examined using a 2D structural similarity index technique.展开更多
Wetlands provide vital ecological services for both humans and environment,necessitating continuous,refined and up-to-date mapping of wetlands for conservation and management.in this study,we developed an automated an...Wetlands provide vital ecological services for both humans and environment,necessitating continuous,refined and up-to-date mapping of wetlands for conservation and management.in this study,we developed an automated and refined wetland mapping framework integrating training sample migration method,supervised machine learning and knowledge-driven rules using Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform and open-source geospatial tools.We applied the framework to temporally dense Sentinel-1/2 imagery to produce annual refined wetland maps of the Dongting Lake Wetland(DLW)during 2015-2021.First,the continuous change detection(CCD)algorithm was utilized to migrate stable training samples.Then,annual 10 m preliminary land cover maps with 9 classes were produced using random forest algorithm and migrated samples.Ultimately,annual 10 m refined wetland maps were generated based on preliminary land cover maps via knowledge-driven rules from geometric features and available water-related inventories,with Overall Accuracy(OA)ranging from 81.82%(2015)to 93.84%(2020)and Kappa Coefficient(KC)between 0.73(2015)and 0.91(2020),demonstrating satisfactory performance and substantial potential for accurate,timely and type-refined wetland mapping.Our methodological framework allows rapid and accurate monitoring of wetland dynamics and could provide valuable information and methodological support for monitoring,conservation and sustainable development of wetland ecosystem.展开更多
The cerebral cortex is comprised of properly localized cell types that exert their specific functions.In the developing brain,cells migrate from the germinal region to their functional locations(Silva et al.,2019;Coss...The cerebral cortex is comprised of properly localized cell types that exert their specific functions.In the developing brain,cells migrate from the germinal region to their functional locations(Silva et al.,2019;Cossart and Garel,2022).For example,neocortical excitatory neurons are generated in the cerebral ventricular and subventricular zones,move to the developing cortical plate via radial migration,and reside in a radial array of six neuronal layers(Oishi and Nakajima,2018).On the other hand,cortical interneurons are mainly generated in ganglionic eminences,migrate tangentially across the cerebral cortex,and reach their final destinations in the cortex(Lim et al.,2018).The failure of neuronal migration leads to defects in cortical layer formation.While the mechanisms of neuronal distribution have been well examined,how astrocytes are diffusely distributed in the cortex is still unclear.Astrocytes are glial cells in the cerebral cortex with several functions,including metabolic support and synapse formation(Abbott et al.,2006;Bosworth and Allen,2017;Allen and Lyons,2018).For example,astrocytes establish synaptic connectivity in the developing brain while they contact numerous synapses and maintain optimal neuronal activity in the adult brain.In the developing brain,astrocytes are primarily generated from radial glia after the neurogenic period.While a certain type of astrocyte called fibrous astrocytes populates the white matter,protoplasmic astrocytes migrate to the cortical plate during neural network formation.展开更多
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF),a multifunctional cytokine,is secreted by various cells and participates in inflammatory reactions,including innate and adaptive immunity.There are some evidences that MIF i...Macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF),a multifunctional cytokine,is secreted by various cells and participates in inflammatory reactions,including innate and adaptive immunity.There are some evidences that MIF is involved in many vitreoretinal diseases.For example,MIF can exacerbate many types of uveitis;measurements of MIF levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of uveitis treatment.MIF also alleviates trauma-induced and glaucoma-induced optic nerve damage.Furthermore,MIF is critical for retinal/choroidal neovascularization,especially complex neovascularization.MIF exacerbates retinal degeneration;thus,anti-MIF therapy may help to mitigate retinal degeneration.MIF protects uveal melanoma from attacks by natural killer cells.The mechanism underlying the effects of MIF in these diseases has been demonstrated:it binds to cluster of differentiation 74,inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway,and triggers mitogen-activated protein kinases,extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2,and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway.MIF also upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 and activates the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway.This review focuses on the structure and function of MIF and its receptors,including the effects of MIF on uveal inflammation,retinal degeneration,optic neuropathy,retinal/choroidal neovascularization,and uveal melanoma.展开更多
Runx2 is a major regulator of osteoblast differentiation and function;however,the role of Runx2 in peripheral nerve repair is unclea r.Here,we analyzed Runx2expression following injury and found that it was specifical...Runx2 is a major regulator of osteoblast differentiation and function;however,the role of Runx2 in peripheral nerve repair is unclea r.Here,we analyzed Runx2expression following injury and found that it was specifically up-regulated in Schwann cells.Furthermore,using Schwann cell-specific Runx2 knocko ut mice,we studied peripheral nerve development and regeneration and found that multiple steps in the regeneration process following sciatic nerve injury were Runx2-dependent.Changes observed in Runx2 knoc kout mice include increased prolife ration of Schwann cells,impaired Schwann cell migration and axonal regrowth,reduced re-myelination of axo ns,and a block in macrophage clearance in the late stage of regeneration.Taken together,our findings indicate that Runx2 is a key regulator of Schwann cell plasticity,and therefore peripheral nerve repair.Thus,our study shows that Runx2 plays a major role in Schwann cell migration,re-myelination,and peripheral nerve functional recovery following injury.展开更多
基金We want to thank the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Xinjiang Oilfield for allowing the publication of the manuscript.The institute provided us with part of the crude oil geochemistry testing data and the logging data.We also thank the reviewers and editors for their detailed comments on this manuscript,which makes this paper more complete and meaningful.
文摘The Fengcheng Formation is a crucial source rock and the primary reservoir for oil accumulation in the Mahu Sag.Crude oils are distributed throughout the Fengcheng Formation,ranging from the edge to the interior of the sag in the southern Mahu Sag.These crude oils originate from in-situ source rocks in shallowly buried areas and the inner deep sag.During migration,the crude oil from the inner deep sag affects the source rocks close to carrier beds,leading to changes in the organic geochemical characteristics of the source rocks.These changes might alter source rock evaluations and oil-source correlation.Based on data such as total organic carbon(TOC),Rock-Eval pyrolysis of source rocks,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)of the saturated fraction,and considering the geological characteristics of the study area,we define the identification characteristics of source rock affected by migrated hydrocarbons and establish the various patterns of influence that migrated hydrocarbons have on the source rock of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern Mahu Sag.The source rocks of the Fengcheng Formation are mostly fair to good,containing mainly Type II organic matter and being thermally mature enough to generate oil.Source rocks affected by migrated hydrocarbons exhibit relatively high hydrocarbon contents(S1/TOC>110 mg HC/g TOC,Extract/TOC>30%,HC:hydrocarbon),relatively low Rock-Eval Tmax values,and relatively high tricyclic terpane contents with a descending and mountain-shaped distribution.Furthermore,biomarker composition parameters indicate a higher thermal maturity than in-situ source rocks.Through a comparison of the extract biomarker fingerprints of adjacent reservoirs and mudstones in different boreholes,three types of influence patterns of migrated hydrocarbons are identified:the edge-influence of thin sandstone-thick mudstone,the mixed-influence of sandstone-mudstone interbedded,and the full-influence of thick sandstone-thin mudstone.This finding reminds us that the influence of migrated hydrocarbons must be considered when evaluating source rocks and conducting oil-source correlation.
文摘Background: An Intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting reversible contraceptive commonly used in clinical practice. Its insertion in the uterus is simple and safe. But sometimes, complications can occur. Case Report: Herein, we report a case of successful laparoscopic removal of a missing IUD Copper-T, mis-inserted in a 32-year-old woman, 4 months after she delivered by caesarian section, and presented persistent lower abdominal pain lasting 6 months. Uterine ultrasound was unremarkable, but a plain abdominopelvic X-ray confirmed the presence of the Copper-T inside the abdominal cavity. Conclusion: Insertion of IUD is simple and safe. When the diagnosis of uterine perforation following its insertion is clinically suspected and radiologically confirmed, laparoscopy, when available, remains one of the best options for removal.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Administration Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2020ZB305。
文摘BACKGROUND A foreign body in the digestive tract is a common disease in the clinic.However,it is rare for a foreign body to migrate into the liver.Most patients are diagnosed before or after perforation of the digestive tract.Laparoscopic removal of intrahepatic foreign bodies is an effective treatment method.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to fever for 3 d,in addition to pain and discomfort in the right side of his waist.After admission,abdominal computed tomography showed a foreign body in the liver,and gastroscopy did not indicate obvious erosion or ulcers.The patient then underwent laparoscopic surgery.During the operation,an abscess was seen near the gastric antrum and between the caudate lobes of the liver.It was approximately 30 mm×31 mm×23 mm in size.The abscess was cut open,and a fish bone was found inside.The fish bone had penetrated the liver and was successfully removed.It was confirmed that the fish bone migrated from the stomach to the liver.CONCLUSION Although intrahepatic foreign bodies are rare,they should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible to avoid serious complications such as intrahepatic abscess,which may lead to liver resection and even life-threatening events.
文摘BACKGROUND The technique of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD)as a transforaminal approach has been used to treat highly migrated lower lumbar disc herniations.However,due to the different anatomic characteristics of the upper lumbar spine,conventional transforaminal PELD may fail to remove the highly migrated upper lumbar disc nucleus pulposus.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to describe a novel surgical technique,two-level PELD,for the treatment of highly migrated upper lumbar disc herniations and to report its related clinical outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male presented with a complaint of pain at his lower back and right lower limb.The patient received 3 mo of conservative treatments but the symptoms were not alleviated.Physical examination revealed a positive femoral nerve stretch test and a negative straight leg raise test for the right leg,and preoperative visual analog scale(VAS)score for the lower back was 6 points and for the right leg was 8 points.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)demonstrated L2-L3 disc herniation on the right side and the herniated nucleus pulposus migrated to the upper margin of L2 vertebral body.According to physical examination and imaging findings,surgery was the primary consideration.Therefore,the patient underwent surgical treatment with two-level PELD.The pain symptom was relieved and the VAS score for back and thigh pain was one point postoperatively.The patient was asymptomatic and follow-up MRI scan 1 year after operation revealed no residual nucleus pulposus.CONCLUSION Two-level PELD as a transforaminal approach can be a safe and effective procedure for highly migrated upper lumbar disc herniation.
文摘BACKGROUND:Stent migration in the hepatopancreatic duct might arise as one of the rare complications associated with biliary or pancreatic stenting.Although there are some procedures to retrieve the migrated stent,including surgical,percutaneous,and endoscopic approaches,endoscopy should be attempted first because it is least invasive.This study set out to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic retrieval of migrated biliary and pancreatic stents.METHODS:Plastic stents that migrated in the bile duct(35 patients)or pancreatic duct(2)were retrieved with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Devices used were snare forceps,a basket catheter,grasping forceps,biopsy forceps,a balloon catheter,and the Soehendra stent retriever.RESULTS:Endoscopic retrieval of migrated stents was performed successfully in 36(97.0%)of the 37 patients.The devices utilized for successful treatment were basket catheter(13 patients),grasping forceps(10),snare forceps(8),balloon catheter(3),biopsy forceps(1),and the Soehendra stent retriever(1).The unsuccessfully treated patient with chronic pancreatitis underwent surgery since the guide wire did not move forward due to bile duct stenosis,and there was also duodenal stenosis.One patient developed mild pancreatitis after withdrawal of the stent;the pancreatitis was relieved with conservative treatment.CONCLUSIONS:Endoscopic retrieval of migrated biliary and pancreatic stents appears to be useful because of its safety and low invasiveness.However,various forceps should be prepared for the retrieval of a migrated stent.
文摘We report a successful endovascular technique using a snare with a suture for retrieving a migrated broken peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)in a chemotherapy patient.A 62-year-old male received monthly chemotherapy through a central venous port implanted into his right subclavian area.The patient completed chemotherapy without complications 1 mo ago;however,he experienced pain in the right subclavian area during his last chemotherapy session.Computed tomography on that day showed migration of a broken PICC in his left pulmonary artery,for which the patient was admitted to our hospital.We attempted to retrieve the ectopic PICC through the right jugular vein using a gooseneck snare,but were unsuccessful because the catheter was lodged in the pulmonary artery wall.Therefore,a second attempt was made through the right femoral vein using a snare with triple loops,but we could not grasp the migrated PICC.Finally,a string was tied to thetop of the snare,allowing us to curve the snare toward the pulmonary artery by pulling the string.Finally,the catheter body was grasped and retrieved.The endovascular suture technique is occasionally extremely useful and should be considered by interventional cardiologists for retrieving migrated catheters.
文摘Endoscopic pancreatic stenting has been widely used in various pancreatic conditions. With the increasing use of pancreatic stents, many complications have been recognized. Especially, proximal stent migration presents a serious condition because of subsequent pancreatic duct obstruction, impaired drainage, ductal dilation, and pancreatic pain. Although endoscopic retrieval is the preferred treatment for proximally migrated pancreatic stents, it is not always successful, resulting in conversion to surgery. To date, endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage(EUS-PD) has never been reported for treatment of pancreatic duct obstruction caused by proximally migrated pancreatic stent. We herein describe a case of pancreatic duct rupture and obstruction caused by proximally migrated pancreatic stent that was successfully treated by EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy while keeping the former stent in situ after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We believe that this report adds to the increasing evidence of symptomatic pancreatic duct obstruction being successfully treated by EUS-PD.
文摘BACKGROUND Bowel perforation from biliary stent migration is a serious potential complication of biliary stents,but fortunately has an incidence of less than 1%.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 54-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of Human Immunodeficiency virus with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,alcoholic liver cirrhosis,portal vein thrombosis and extensive past surgical history who presented with acute abdominal pain and local peritonitis.On further evaluation she was diagnosed with small bowel perforation secondary to migrated biliary stents and underwent exploratory laparotomy with therapeutic intervention.CONCLUSION This case presentation reports on the unusual finding of two migrated biliary stents,with one causing perforation.In addition,we review the relevant literature on migrated stents.
文摘AIM: To report a successful surgical management of silicone oil migrated into suprachoroidal space after the repair of the retinal detachment with hemorrhagic choroidal detachment. METHODS: Retrospective observational case report. A 30-year-old man with retinal detachment and hemorrhagic choroidal detachment due to severe corneal penetrating injury, underwent a pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy, endolaser, and silicone oil tamponade followed by transscleral suprachoroidal hemorrhage drainage in the right eye. One week later, a localised temporal choroid elevation was noted. This persistent elevation was confirmed by operation research to be silicone oil migration into suprachoroidal space. RESULTS: The migrated silicone oil was drained via trans-scleral cut down, and the intravitreal silicone oil was removed and replaced by 16% C2F6. Over the next 2 weeks, the elevation vanished and the choroid became completely flat. CONCLUSION: The migration of silicone oil into suprachoroidal space is a rare complication of vitrectomy. The pathway of the migration is most likely through internal orifice of sclerotomy sites. Trans-scleral drainage surgery is an effective method to remove the migrated silicone oil from suprachoroidal space.
文摘Transmural migrated retained sponges usually impact at the level of the ileo-cecal valve leading to a small bowel obstruction.Once passed through the ileo-cecal valve,a retained sponge can be propelled forward by peristaltic activity and eliminated with feces.We report the case of a 52-year-old female with a past surgical history and recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and constipation.On physical examination,a generalized resistance was observed with tenderness in the right flank.Contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography findings were consistent with a perforated right colonic diverticulitis with several out-pouchings at the level of the ascending colon and evidence of free air in the right parieto-colic gutter along with an air-fluid collection within the mesentery.In addition,a ring-shaped hyperdense intraluminal material was also noted.At surgery,the ascending colon appeared irregularly thickened and folded with a focal wall interruption and a peri-visceral abscess at the level of the hepatic flexure,but no diverticula were found.A right hemi-colectomy was performed and on dissection of the surgical specimen a retained laparotomy sponge was found in the bowel lumen.
文摘The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricle in forebrain, retains a population of neuronalprecursors with the ability of proliferation in adult mammals. To test the potential of neuronal precursorsin adult mice, we transplanted adult SVZ cells labeled with fluorescent dye PKH26 into the lateral ventricleof the mouse brain in different development stages. The preliminary results indicated that the graftedcells were able to survive and migrate into multiple regions of the recipient brain, including SVZ, the thirdventricle, thalamus, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, cerebellum and olfactory bulb etc; and the amountof survival cells in different brain regions was correlated with the development stage of the recipient brain.Immunohistochemical studies showed that most of the grafted cells migrating into the specific target couldexpress neuronal or astrocytic marker. Our results revealed that the neuronal precursors in adult SVZstill retained immortality and ability of proliferation, which is likely to be induced by some environmentalfactors.
基金This work was partially supported by Fondo Clemente Estable(ANII)and PEDECIBA from Uruguay.T.Fernández-Calero received fellowships from CAP-Universidad de la República,ANII and the Embassy of France in Uruguay.M.Davyt received a fellowship from CSIC-Universidad de la República.
文摘The epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT)is a cellular program that drives de-differentiation of cells in both physiological and pathological processes.One of the characteristics of cells describing an EMT is the(re)acquisition of a motility capacity that allows them to migrate through the original tissue as well as to other sites in the organism.The molecular mechanisms that control the EMT are rapidly emerging and here we add to the idea that the adaptation required for cells to commit to the EMT includes adjustments of the translation machinery and metabolic pathways to cope with a high demand of extracellular components.
文摘The binding properties of neural cell adhesion molecule are modulated by a polysialic acid moiety. This plays an important role in the migration of adult born neuroblasts from their area of origin, the subventricular zone, towards the olfactory bulb. Polysialisation increases the migration speed of the cells and helps to prevent the neuroblasts from leaving their migration route, the rostral migratory stream. Here, we evaluated the potential of intraventricular application of endoneuraminidase-N, an enzyme that specifically cleaves polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecule, in a rat model for structural prefrontal cortex damage. As expected, endoneuraminidase-N caused the rostral migratory stream to become wider, with a less uniform cellular orientation. Furthermore, endoneuraminidase-N treatment caused the neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards the lesioned tissue. Despite the neuroblasts not being differentiated into neurons after a survival time of three weeks, this technique provides a solid animal model for future work on the migration and differentiation of relocated neuroblasts and might provide a basis for a future endogenous stem cell-based therapy for structural brain damage. The experiments were approved by the local animal care committee(522-27-11/02-00, 115;Senatorin für Wissenschaft, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Bremen, Germany) on February 10, 2016.
基金Supported by the Sichuan Foundation of Science and Technology,No.2020YFS0247。
文摘BACKGROUND Indwelling inferior vena cava(IVC)filters might cause various complications,including filter penetration,filter fracture,filter migration,and thrombosis of the IVC.Penetration and migration complications are common,while a caudal migrated double-basket filter with associated infected iliac pseudoaneurysm has seldom been reported.CASE SUMMARY We report a 64-year-old female admitted for sudden onset of severe right abdominal pain after IVC filter placement for 3 mo.The patient had a history of failed endovascular IVC filter retrieval.Computed tomography showed that the retrieval hook of the filter penetrated the right common iliac artery and vein,leading to right iliac artery pseudoaneurysm accompanied by right ureteral obstruction with ipsilateral hydronephrosis,and bilateral iliac veins were occluded.Emergency open repair was performed to remove the IVC filter,the right iliac pseudoaneurysm,and the compromised segments of the iliac veins and IVC with right common iliac artery reconstruction.Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the tissue culture.The patient was discharged on postoperative day 12 with anticoagulation therapy and antibiotic therapy after discharge.Six-month follow-up computed tomography revealed that the right common iliac artery was patent,and only mild hydronephrosis was detected.CONCLUSION An indwelling IVC filter,even‘embedded’within organized thrombus,could still cause life-threatening complications.Open procedures remain the last resort for IVC filters with severe complications.
文摘Intra uterine device migration is a relatively rare event. The migration of the IUD in the surrounded viscera can be managed by endoscopy approach. Objectives: We reported our experience to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of patients that presented migrated IUD, to report clinical aspects and describe the laparoscopic management. Method: We conducted a descriptive and prospective survey from January 1st, 2014 to October 31, 2016. That survey took place in the department of gynecology and obstetrics of Point G Teaching hospital, Bamako, Mali. Population study concerned patients with intra uterine device complications. Statistic tests used have been X2 or Fisher test according their application conditions. P Results: Seventeen patients were included. Mean age of patients is 29 years with extremes of 13 years and 44 years. The main reference incitement of patients were perforation of the uterus and pelvis pain (27.8% for each), misplaced IUD (22.3%). Complications observed were intra uterine device migrated in to the bladder (1 case), in the abdomen (10 cases), in the ovary (2 cases) and in the uterine tuba (1 case). Three perforations were done without migration in to surrounded viscera. We used endoscopic surgery among all of them. But in one case we switched endoscopy method in to laparotomy because of important intra peritoneal bleeding to end the management of the patient. No death occurred and mean duration of the stay of hospitalization was 2 days. Conclusion: IUD migration is a scarce event. All the surrounded viscera can be the site of its migration. The management of that complication is usually done by endoscopy method.
文摘Earth is inhomogeneous, which means its elastic characteristics change with depth. The seismic method employs the propagation of waves throughout the earth to locate different structures and stratigraphy. Understanding the wave propagation is an important matter in exploration seismology;therefore modeling of seismic wave is an important tool. To validate the interpreted earth model out of the seismic data, seismic synthetic seismograms should be generated in a process named “seismic forward modeling”. Finite difference method is used as one of the most common numerical modeling techniques. In this paper the accuracy of finite difference method in seismic section modeling is explored on different modeled data set of heterogeneous earth. It is shown that finite difference method completes with migration to reposition the events in their correct location. Two different migration methods are used and various velocities are also tested to determine an appropriate migration velocity. Finally the validly of finite difference modeling is examined using a 2D structural similarity index technique.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 42071393,U1901219 and U21A2022).
文摘Wetlands provide vital ecological services for both humans and environment,necessitating continuous,refined and up-to-date mapping of wetlands for conservation and management.in this study,we developed an automated and refined wetland mapping framework integrating training sample migration method,supervised machine learning and knowledge-driven rules using Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform and open-source geospatial tools.We applied the framework to temporally dense Sentinel-1/2 imagery to produce annual refined wetland maps of the Dongting Lake Wetland(DLW)during 2015-2021.First,the continuous change detection(CCD)algorithm was utilized to migrate stable training samples.Then,annual 10 m preliminary land cover maps with 9 classes were produced using random forest algorithm and migrated samples.Ultimately,annual 10 m refined wetland maps were generated based on preliminary land cover maps via knowledge-driven rules from geometric features and available water-related inventories,with Overall Accuracy(OA)ranging from 81.82%(2015)to 93.84%(2020)and Kappa Coefficient(KC)between 0.73(2015)and 0.91(2020),demonstrating satisfactory performance and substantial potential for accurate,timely and type-refined wetland mapping.Our methodological framework allows rapid and accurate monitoring of wetland dynamics and could provide valuable information and methodological support for monitoring,conservation and sustainable development of wetland ecosystem.
基金supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency-Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (JPMJPR22SA to MM)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KA KENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JP21K07309 to HT,JP20H05688 and JP22K19365 to KN)+2 种基金Takeda Science Foundation (to KN)Keio Gijuku Academic Development Funds (to KN)Keio Gijuku Fukuzawa Memorial Fund (to KN)
文摘The cerebral cortex is comprised of properly localized cell types that exert their specific functions.In the developing brain,cells migrate from the germinal region to their functional locations(Silva et al.,2019;Cossart and Garel,2022).For example,neocortical excitatory neurons are generated in the cerebral ventricular and subventricular zones,move to the developing cortical plate via radial migration,and reside in a radial array of six neuronal layers(Oishi and Nakajima,2018).On the other hand,cortical interneurons are mainly generated in ganglionic eminences,migrate tangentially across the cerebral cortex,and reach their final destinations in the cortex(Lim et al.,2018).The failure of neuronal migration leads to defects in cortical layer formation.While the mechanisms of neuronal distribution have been well examined,how astrocytes are diffusely distributed in the cortex is still unclear.Astrocytes are glial cells in the cerebral cortex with several functions,including metabolic support and synapse formation(Abbott et al.,2006;Bosworth and Allen,2017;Allen and Lyons,2018).For example,astrocytes establish synaptic connectivity in the developing brain while they contact numerous synapses and maintain optimal neuronal activity in the adult brain.In the developing brain,astrocytes are primarily generated from radial glia after the neurogenic period.While a certain type of astrocyte called fibrous astrocytes populates the white matter,protoplasmic astrocytes migrate to the cortical plate during neural network formation.
基金supported by the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,No.2021JZ-60(to HZ)。
文摘Macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF),a multifunctional cytokine,is secreted by various cells and participates in inflammatory reactions,including innate and adaptive immunity.There are some evidences that MIF is involved in many vitreoretinal diseases.For example,MIF can exacerbate many types of uveitis;measurements of MIF levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of uveitis treatment.MIF also alleviates trauma-induced and glaucoma-induced optic nerve damage.Furthermore,MIF is critical for retinal/choroidal neovascularization,especially complex neovascularization.MIF exacerbates retinal degeneration;thus,anti-MIF therapy may help to mitigate retinal degeneration.MIF protects uveal melanoma from attacks by natural killer cells.The mechanism underlying the effects of MIF in these diseases has been demonstrated:it binds to cluster of differentiation 74,inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway,and triggers mitogen-activated protein kinases,extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2,and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway.MIF also upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 and activates the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway.This review focuses on the structure and function of MIF and its receptors,including the effects of MIF on uveal inflammation,retinal degeneration,optic neuropathy,retinal/choroidal neovascularization,and uveal melanoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82104795 (to RH)。
文摘Runx2 is a major regulator of osteoblast differentiation and function;however,the role of Runx2 in peripheral nerve repair is unclea r.Here,we analyzed Runx2expression following injury and found that it was specifically up-regulated in Schwann cells.Furthermore,using Schwann cell-specific Runx2 knocko ut mice,we studied peripheral nerve development and regeneration and found that multiple steps in the regeneration process following sciatic nerve injury were Runx2-dependent.Changes observed in Runx2 knoc kout mice include increased prolife ration of Schwann cells,impaired Schwann cell migration and axonal regrowth,reduced re-myelination of axo ns,and a block in macrophage clearance in the late stage of regeneration.Taken together,our findings indicate that Runx2 is a key regulator of Schwann cell plasticity,and therefore peripheral nerve repair.Thus,our study shows that Runx2 plays a major role in Schwann cell migration,re-myelination,and peripheral nerve functional recovery following injury.
