This paper aims to determine the possible role of estrogen receptor-β （ERβ） gene Rsal polymorphism on sperm fertility and early embryonic development in humans. Three groups of Chinese men were recruited： in vitr...This paper aims to determine the possible role of estrogen receptor-β （ERβ） gene Rsal polymorphism on sperm fertility and early embryonic development in humans. Three groups of Chinese men were recruited： in vitro fertilization （IVF） group, including 374 couples who underwent conventional IVF; intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） group, including 294 couples who underwent an ICSI procedure using ejaculated sperm; and azoospermic group, consisting of 197 couples who underwent ICSI using either testis or epididymis sperm. Rsal polymorphism in the ERβ gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique; fertilization and high-quality embryo rates were evaluated for each group. In each group, no significant differences were found in the overall rates of fertilization and high-quality embryos among GG, AG and AA genotypes. However, the proportion of cycles possessing a satisfactory high-quality embryo rate with the AA genotype was significantly lower than that in the wild-type GG genotype from each group. These results demonstrated that sperm possessing the ERβ RsalA genotype may have reduced fertilization ability and decreased early embryonic developmental potential, which could directly or indirectly contribute to the low fertilization rate and early embryonic developmental arrest in some cases.展开更多
Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2（PPARγ2） variant Pro12Ala was demonstrated with risk of coronary heart disease （CHD） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Another variant C-689T in the p...Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2（PPARγ2） variant Pro12Ala was demonstrated with risk of coronary heart disease （CHD） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Another variant C-689T in the promoter was reported with lower receptor activity but lack of reports on association between C-689T and CHD or T2DM. Methods A total of 351 subjects without CHD and T2DM （controls） and 125 patients with CHD and T2DM （cases） were enrolled in our case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） was used to detect Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms. And effects on CHD merged with T2DM of the two polymorphisms were analyzed in individual and haplotype analyses. Results In the study, Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotype frequencies were 92.9%, 6.8% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively whilst CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies were 93.4%, 6.3% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively. Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium （D＇=0.81, P=0.000） and the observed haplotype frequency of Pro-C, Pro-T, Ala-C and Ala-T was 0.957, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.028 respectively. No significant associations were detected between the two polymorphisms and CHD merged with T2DM in either individual or haplotype analyses. In subjects with obesity [body mass index （BMI）≥25 kg/m^2], we found that both Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were associated with BMI. In haplotype analyses, we found that Pro12Ala and C-689T haplotypes had associations with systolic blood pressure in total population, with BMI, waist circle and total cholesterol（TC） in obesity subgroup and with fasting blood glucose and TC in males. Conclusions PPARγ2 Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms and haplotypes affect the profiles of CHD merged with T2DM in Chinese Han people.展开更多
f-Harmonic maps were first introduced and studied by Lichnerowicz in 1970.In this paper,the author studies a subclass of f-harmonic maps called f-harmonic morphisms which pull back local harmonic functions to local f-...f-Harmonic maps were first introduced and studied by Lichnerowicz in 1970.In this paper,the author studies a subclass of f-harmonic maps called f-harmonic morphisms which pull back local harmonic functions to local f-harmonic functions.The author proves that a map between Riemannian manifolds is an f-harmonic morphism if and only if it is a horizontally weakly conformal f-harmonic map.This generalizes the well-known characterization for harmonic morphisms.Some properties and many examples as well as some non-existence of f-harmonic morphisms are given.The author also studies the f-harmonicity of conformal immersions.展开更多
A certain variety of non-switched polynomials provides a uni-figure representation for a wide range of linear functional equations. This is properly adapted for the calculations. We reinterpret from this point of view...A certain variety of non-switched polynomials provides a uni-figure representation for a wide range of linear functional equations. This is properly adapted for the calculations. We reinterpret from this point of view a number of algorithms.展开更多
We consider the preservation property of the homomorphism and tensor product functors for quasi-isomorphisms and equivalences of complexes. Let X and Y be two classes of R-modules with Ext〉I（X,Y） = 0 for each objec...We consider the preservation property of the homomorphism and tensor product functors for quasi-isomorphisms and equivalences of complexes. Let X and Y be two classes of R-modules with Ext〉I（X,Y） = 0 for each object X ∈ X and each object Y ∈ Y. We show that if A,B ∈ C^（R） are X-complexes and U, V ∈ Cr（R） are Y-complexes, then U V Hom（A, U） Hom（A, Y）; A B Hom（B, U） Hom（A, U）. As an application, we give a sufficient condition for the Hom evaluation morphism being invertible.展开更多
Let Q be a quiver with automorphism σ. We prove that semistable representations of Q over F_q give rise to semistable modules over the F_q-algebra A(Q, σ; q) associated with(Q, σ). As an application, we obtain a de...Let Q be a quiver with automorphism σ. We prove that semistable representations of Q over F_q give rise to semistable modules over the F_q-algebra A(Q, σ; q) associated with(Q, σ). As an application, we obtain a description of the semistable subcategories of A(Q, σ; q)-modules and determine the slopes of semistable A(Q, σ; q)-modules in the case that Q is a Dynkin or tame quiver.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is a major biological question and being able to predict phenotypes based on molecular genotypes is integral to molecular breeding. Whole- genome duplicati...Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is a major biological question and being able to predict phenotypes based on molecular genotypes is integral to molecular breeding. Whole- genome duplications have shaped the history of all flowering plants and present challenges to elucidating the relationship between genotype and phenotype, especially in neopolyploid species. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） have become popular tools for genetic mapping, discovery and appli- cation of SNPs in polyploids has been difficult. Here, we summarize common experimental approaches to SNP calling, highlighting recent polyploid successes. To examine the impact of software choice on these analyses, we called SNPs among five peanut genotypes using different alignment programs （BWA-mem and Bowtie 2） and variant callers （SAMtools, GATK, and Freebayes）. Alignments produced by Bowtie 2 and BWA-mem and analyzed in SAMtools shared 24.5% concordant SNPs, and SAMtools, GATK, and Freebayes shared 1.4% concordant SNPs. A subsequent analysis of simulated Brassica napus chromosome 1A and 1C genotypes demonstrated that, of the three software programs, SAMtools performed with the highest sensitivity and specificity on Bowtie 2 alignments. These results, however, are likely to vary among species, and we therefore propose a series of best practices for SNP calling in polyploids.展开更多
In the present paper the properties of morphisms in effect algebras are discussed. The conditions for the morphisms in effect algebras to be join-preservation and meet-preservation are given. From the categorical poin...In the present paper the properties of morphisms in effect algebras are discussed. The conditions for the morphisms in effect algebras to be join-preservation and meet-preservation are given. From the categorical point of view, some properties of ideals, filters and congruence relations under morphisms are obtained.展开更多
Multivariate Public Key Cryptography （MPKC） has intensively and rapidly developed during the past three decades. MPKC is a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography. However, designing it is universally rega...Multivariate Public Key Cryptography （MPKC） has intensively and rapidly developed during the past three decades. MPKC is a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography. However, designing it is universally regarded as a difficult task to design a secure MPKC foundation scheme, such as an encryption scheme and key exchange scheme. In this work, we investigate the security of a new public key cryptosystem that is based on the Morphism of Polynomials （MP）. The public key cryptosystem proposed by Wang et al. （Wuhan University, China） comprises a key exchange scheme and encryption scheme. Its security can be provably reduced to the hardness of solving a new difficult problem, namely, the Decisional Multivariate Diffie Hellman （DMDH） problem. This problem Js a variant of the MP problem, which is difficult to solve by random systems. We present a proposition that reduces the DMDH problem to an easy example of the MP problem. Then, we propose an efficient algorithm for the Key Recover Attack （KRA） on the schemes of the public key cryptosystem. In practice, we are able to entirely break the cryptosystem＇s claimed parameter of 96 security levels in less than 17.252 s. Furthermore, we show that finding parameters that yield a secure and practical scheme is impossible.展开更多
During the last two decades, there has been intensive and fast development in Multivariate Public Key Cryptography （MPKC）, which is considered to be an important candidate for post-quantum cryptography. However, it ...During the last two decades, there has been intensive and fast development in Multivariate Public Key Cryptography （MPKC）, which is considered to be an important candidate for post-quantum cryptography. However, it is universally regarded as a difficult task, as in the Knapsack cryptosystems, to design a secure MPKC scheme （especially an encryption scheme） employing the existing trapdoor construction. In this paper, we propose a new key-exchange scheme and an MPKC scheme based on the Morphism of Polynomials （MP） problem. The security of the proposed schemes is provably reducible to the conjectured intractability of a new difficult problem, namely the Decisional Multivariate Diffie-Hellman （DMDH） problem derived from the MP problem. The proposed key agreement is one of several non-number-theory-based protocols, and is a candidate for use in the post-quantum era. More importantly, by slightly modifying the protocol, we offer an original approach to designing a secure MPKC scheme. Furthermore, the proposed encryption scheme achieves a good tradeoff between security and efficiency, and seems competitive with traditional MPKC schemes.展开更多
Let H3 be the 9-dimensional Taft Hopf algebra,let r(H3)be the corresponding Green ring of H3,and let Aut(R(H3))be the automorphism group of Green algebra R(H3)=R■Zr(H3)over the real number fieldR.We prove that the qu...Let H3 be the 9-dimensional Taft Hopf algebra,let r(H3)be the corresponding Green ring of H3,and let Aut(R(H3))be the automorphism group of Green algebra R(H3)=R■Zr(H3)over the real number fieldR.We prove that the quotient group Aut(R(H3))/T1 is isomorphic to the direct product of the dihedral group of order 12 and the cyclic group of order 2,where T1 is the isomorphism class which contains the identity map and is isomorphic to a group G={(c,d)∈R^(2)∣∣(c,d)≠(−1/3,−1/6)}with multiplication given by(c1,d1)⋅(c2,d2)=(c1+c2+2c1c2−4d1d2+2c1d2+2d1c2,d1+d2−2c1c2−2d1d2+4c1d2+4d1c2).展开更多
The automorphism group of G is determined, where G is a nonabelian p-group given by a central extension as 1→Zpm→G→Zp×…×Zp→1 such that its derived subgroup has order p.
Our motivation is to build a systematic method in order to investigate the structure of cluster algebras of geometric type. The method is given through the notion of mixing-type sub-seeds, the theory of seed homomorph...Our motivation is to build a systematic method in order to investigate the structure of cluster algebras of geometric type. The method is given through the notion of mixing-type sub-seeds, the theory of seed homomorphisms and the view-point of gluing of seeds. As an application, for(rooted) cluster algebras, we completely classify rooted cluster subalgebras and characterize rooted cluster quotient algebras in detail. Also,we build the relationship between the categorification of a rooted cluster algebra and that of its rooted cluster subalgebras. Note that cluster algebras of geometric type studied here are of the sign-skew-symmetric case.展开更多
In this paper we study finite morphisms of projective and compact K■hler manifolds, in particular,positivity properties of the associated vector bundle,deformation theory and ramified endomorphisms.
文摘This paper aims to determine the possible role of estrogen receptor-β （ERβ） gene Rsal polymorphism on sperm fertility and early embryonic development in humans. Three groups of Chinese men were recruited： in vitro fertilization （IVF） group, including 374 couples who underwent conventional IVF; intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） group, including 294 couples who underwent an ICSI procedure using ejaculated sperm; and azoospermic group, consisting of 197 couples who underwent ICSI using either testis or epididymis sperm. Rsal polymorphism in the ERβ gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique; fertilization and high-quality embryo rates were evaluated for each group. In each group, no significant differences were found in the overall rates of fertilization and high-quality embryos among GG, AG and AA genotypes. However, the proportion of cycles possessing a satisfactory high-quality embryo rate with the AA genotype was significantly lower than that in the wild-type GG genotype from each group. These results demonstrated that sperm possessing the ERβ RsalA genotype may have reduced fertilization ability and decreased early embryonic developmental potential, which could directly or indirectly contribute to the low fertilization rate and early embryonic developmental arrest in some cases.
文摘Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2（PPARγ2） variant Pro12Ala was demonstrated with risk of coronary heart disease （CHD） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Another variant C-689T in the promoter was reported with lower receptor activity but lack of reports on association between C-689T and CHD or T2DM. Methods A total of 351 subjects without CHD and T2DM （controls） and 125 patients with CHD and T2DM （cases） were enrolled in our case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） was used to detect Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms. And effects on CHD merged with T2DM of the two polymorphisms were analyzed in individual and haplotype analyses. Results In the study, Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotype frequencies were 92.9%, 6.8% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively whilst CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies were 93.4%, 6.3% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively. Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium （D＇=0.81, P=0.000） and the observed haplotype frequency of Pro-C, Pro-T, Ala-C and Ala-T was 0.957, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.028 respectively. No significant associations were detected between the two polymorphisms and CHD merged with T2DM in either individual or haplotype analyses. In subjects with obesity [body mass index （BMI）≥25 kg/m^2], we found that both Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were associated with BMI. In haplotype analyses, we found that Pro12Ala and C-689T haplotypes had associations with systolic blood pressure in total population, with BMI, waist circle and total cholesterol（TC） in obesity subgroup and with fasting blood glucose and TC in males. Conclusions PPARγ2 Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms and haplotypes affect the profiles of CHD merged with T2DM in Chinese Han people.
基金supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2011GXNSFA018127)
文摘f-Harmonic maps were first introduced and studied by Lichnerowicz in 1970.In this paper,the author studies a subclass of f-harmonic maps called f-harmonic morphisms which pull back local harmonic functions to local f-harmonic functions.The author proves that a map between Riemannian manifolds is an f-harmonic morphism if and only if it is a horizontally weakly conformal f-harmonic map.This generalizes the well-known characterization for harmonic morphisms.Some properties and many examples as well as some non-existence of f-harmonic morphisms are given.The author also studies the f-harmonicity of conformal immersions.
文摘A certain variety of non-switched polynomials provides a uni-figure representation for a wide range of linear functional equations. This is properly adapted for the calculations. We reinterpret from this point of view a number of algorithms.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10961021)Program of Science and Technique of Gansu Province (Grant No. 1010RJZA025)
文摘We consider the preservation property of the homomorphism and tensor product functors for quasi-isomorphisms and equivalences of complexes. Let X and Y be two classes of R-modules with Ext〉I（X,Y） = 0 for each object X ∈ X and each object Y ∈ Y. We show that if A,B ∈ C^（R） are X-complexes and U, V ∈ Cr（R） are Y-complexes, then U V Hom（A, U） Hom（A, Y）; A B Hom（B, U） Hom（A, U）. As an application, we give a sufficient condition for the Hom evaluation morphism being invertible.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11271043)
文摘Let Q be a quiver with automorphism σ. We prove that semistable representations of Q over F_q give rise to semistable modules over the F_q-algebra A(Q, σ; q) associated with(Q, σ). As an application, we obtain a description of the semistable subcategories of A(Q, σ; q)-modules and determine the slopes of semistable A(Q, σ; q)-modules in the case that Q is a Dynkin or tame quiver.
文摘Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is a major biological question and being able to predict phenotypes based on molecular genotypes is integral to molecular breeding. Whole- genome duplications have shaped the history of all flowering plants and present challenges to elucidating the relationship between genotype and phenotype, especially in neopolyploid species. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） have become popular tools for genetic mapping, discovery and appli- cation of SNPs in polyploids has been difficult. Here, we summarize common experimental approaches to SNP calling, highlighting recent polyploid successes. To examine the impact of software choice on these analyses, we called SNPs among five peanut genotypes using different alignment programs （BWA-mem and Bowtie 2） and variant callers （SAMtools, GATK, and Freebayes）. Alignments produced by Bowtie 2 and BWA-mem and analyzed in SAMtools shared 24.5% concordant SNPs, and SAMtools, GATK, and Freebayes shared 1.4% concordant SNPs. A subsequent analysis of simulated Brassica napus chromosome 1A and 1C genotypes demonstrated that, of the three software programs, SAMtools performed with the highest sensitivity and specificity on Bowtie 2 alignments. These results, however, are likely to vary among species, and we therefore propose a series of best practices for SNP calling in polyploids.
基金the National-Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 10331010） the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China （No, 2006J0221）.
文摘In the present paper the properties of morphisms in effect algebras are discussed. The conditions for the morphisms in effect algebras to be join-preservation and meet-preservation are given. From the categorical point of view, some properties of ideals, filters and congruence relations under morphisms are obtained.
文摘Multivariate Public Key Cryptography （MPKC） has intensively and rapidly developed during the past three decades. MPKC is a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography. However, designing it is universally regarded as a difficult task to design a secure MPKC foundation scheme, such as an encryption scheme and key exchange scheme. In this work, we investigate the security of a new public key cryptosystem that is based on the Morphism of Polynomials （MP）. The public key cryptosystem proposed by Wang et al. （Wuhan University, China） comprises a key exchange scheme and encryption scheme. Its security can be provably reduced to the hardness of solving a new difficult problem, namely, the Decisional Multivariate Diffie Hellman （DMDH） problem. This problem Js a variant of the MP problem, which is difficult to solve by random systems. We present a proposition that reduces the DMDH problem to an easy example of the MP problem. Then, we propose an efficient algorithm for the Key Recover Attack （KRA） on the schemes of the public key cryptosystem. In practice, we are able to entirely break the cryptosystem＇s claimed parameter of 96 security levels in less than 17.252 s. Furthermore, we show that finding parameters that yield a secure and practical scheme is impossible.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61303212,61303024,61170080,61501333,61303024,and 61332019)the Foundation of Science and Technology on Information Assurance Laboratory (No.KJ-14-002)
文摘During the last two decades, there has been intensive and fast development in Multivariate Public Key Cryptography （MPKC）, which is considered to be an important candidate for post-quantum cryptography. However, it is universally regarded as a difficult task, as in the Knapsack cryptosystems, to design a secure MPKC scheme （especially an encryption scheme） employing the existing trapdoor construction. In this paper, we propose a new key-exchange scheme and an MPKC scheme based on the Morphism of Polynomials （MP） problem. The security of the proposed schemes is provably reducible to the conjectured intractability of a new difficult problem, namely the Decisional Multivariate Diffie-Hellman （DMDH） problem derived from the MP problem. The proposed key agreement is one of several non-number-theory-based protocols, and is a candidate for use in the post-quantum era. More importantly, by slightly modifying the protocol, we offer an original approach to designing a secure MPKC scheme. Furthermore, the proposed encryption scheme achieves a good tradeoff between security and efficiency, and seems competitive with traditional MPKC schemes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11661014,11701499,11871063,and 11711530703)the Research Innovation Program Project of Academic Degree Graduate Students in Jiangsu(XKYCX17_029)the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Foundation Project of Yangzhou University in 2018.
文摘Let H3 be the 9-dimensional Taft Hopf algebra,let r(H3)be the corresponding Green ring of H3,and let Aut(R(H3))be the automorphism group of Green algebra R(H3)=R■Zr(H3)over the real number fieldR.We prove that the quotient group Aut(R(H3))/T1 is isomorphic to the direct product of the dihedral group of order 12 and the cyclic group of order 2,where T1 is the isomorphism class which contains the identity map and is isomorphic to a group G={(c,d)∈R^(2)∣∣(c,d)≠(−1/3,−1/6)}with multiplication given by(c1,d1)⋅(c2,d2)=(c1+c2+2c1c2−4d1d2+2c1d2+2d1c2,d1+d2−2c1c2−2d1d2+4c1d2+4d1c2).
基金Project supported by NSFC （11371124, 11301150） and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China （142300410134, 162300410066）.
文摘The automorphism group of G is determined, where G is a nonabelian p-group given by a central extension as 1→Zpm→G→Zp×…×Zp→1 such that its derived subgroup has order p.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11671350 and 11571173)
文摘Our motivation is to build a systematic method in order to investigate the structure of cluster algebras of geometric type. The method is given through the notion of mixing-type sub-seeds, the theory of seed homomorphisms and the view-point of gluing of seeds. As an application, for(rooted) cluster algebras, we completely classify rooted cluster subalgebras and characterize rooted cluster quotient algebras in detail. Also,we build the relationship between the categorification of a rooted cluster algebra and that of its rooted cluster subalgebras. Note that cluster algebras of geometric type studied here are of the sign-skew-symmetric case.
基金Project supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19531050)the State Education Commission Foundation of China.
文摘Two non-existence theorems on harmonic polynomial morphisms between Euclidean spaces have been shown.
文摘In this paper we study finite morphisms of projective and compact K■hler manifolds, in particular,positivity properties of the associated vector bundle,deformation theory and ramified endomorphisms.
