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COVID-19 mortality paradox(United States vs Africa):Mass vaccination vs early treatment
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作者 Mina Thabet Kelleni 《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 2024年第1期6-12,共7页
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)mortality rate in 55 African countries is almost 4.5 times lower than in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)despite Africa having over 4.2 times more people.This mortality para... The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)mortality rate in 55 African countries is almost 4.5 times lower than in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)despite Africa having over 4.2 times more people.This mortality paradox is also evident when comparing Nigeria,a heavily populated,poorly vaccinated and weakly mandated country to Israel,a small,highly vaccinated and strictly mandated country.Nigeria has almost 4 times lower COVID mortality than Israel.In this Field of Vision perspective,I explain how this paradox has evolved drawing upon my academic,clinical and social experience.Since April 2020,I’ve developed and been using the Egyptian immune-modulatory Kelleni’s protocol to manage COVID-19 patients including pediatric,geriatric,pregnant,immune-compromised and other individuals suffering from multiple comorbidities.It’s unfortunate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is still evolving accompanied by more deaths.However in Africa,we’ve been able to live without anxiety or mandates throughout the pandemic because we trust science and adopted early treatment using safe,and effective repurposed drugs that have saved the majority of COVID-19 patients.This article represents an African and Egyptian tale of honor. 展开更多
关键词 COVID-19 Early treatment Kelleni’s Protocol mandates Mortality Paradox SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic acid based vaccines
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企业生产流程中制造域标准的应用研究 被引量:1
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作者 孟飙 朱亮 《现代制造工程》 CSCD 北大核心 2011年第8期30-34,共5页
MANDATE是国际标准化组织为了规范制造过程中发生的资源使用和管理数据的交换与共享而研发的标准,对企业内部和外部制造流程管理与资源使用的一致性和制造过程集成提供了平台性技术支持。通过对工业过程模型的深入研究和剖析,明确工业... MANDATE是国际标准化组织为了规范制造过程中发生的资源使用和管理数据的交换与共享而研发的标准,对企业内部和外部制造流程管理与资源使用的一致性和制造过程集成提供了平台性技术支持。通过对工业过程模型的深入研究和剖析,明确工业过程中资源使用的环境和形式。在此基础上将物料、设备、人员、场地和信息等规范成统一的、可依据实际应用环境灵活定义的模块化资源对象,并参考MANDATE资源使用管理模型阐述产品制造流程中的资源使用和数据交换应用模式,提出企业基于制造标准的资源层应用框架。 展开更多
关键词 MANDATE标准 资源 数据交换
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MANDATE标准在飞机制造过程信息集成中的应用分析
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作者 朱亮 孟飚 《航空工程进展》 2011年第4期480-484,共5页
针对长期困扰我国航空制造业的设计向制造信息传递中数据的完整性问题、生产过程中资源数据表达和使用的一致性问题,以及与时间相关的生产过程中物料状态的描述问题等,分析了MANDATE标准中的资源信息概念模型和流程监控与制造数据交换模... 针对长期困扰我国航空制造业的设计向制造信息传递中数据的完整性问题、生产过程中资源数据表达和使用的一致性问题,以及与时间相关的生产过程中物料状态的描述问题等,分析了MANDATE标准中的资源信息概念模型和流程监控与制造数据交换模型,给出了符合MANDATE标准的制造过程信息集成思路和方法,并提出了系统开发建议。 展开更多
关键词 飞机制造 资源信息概念模型 流程监控 信息集成 MANDATE标准
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Distribution Patterns of Severe Pediatric Trauma: Mandated vs. Non-Mandated Trauma Systems
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作者 Raouf M. Afifi Sameh S. Zaytoun 《Surgical Science》 2013年第9期385-392,共8页
Objective: To identify how hospital discharge data could discriminate the distribution patterns of high-risk trauma children in mandated and non-mandated trauma systems. Methods: Hospital discharge data of pediatric t... Objective: To identify how hospital discharge data could discriminate the distribution patterns of high-risk trauma children in mandated and non-mandated trauma systems. Methods: Hospital discharge data of pediatric trauma patients 1 - 15 years of age in Florida (FL), USA—[a mature mandated trauma system with certified trauma centers (TCs)] and in Indiana (IN), USA—(an immature non-mandated trauma system) admitted both to trauma center (TC) and non-TC healthcare facilities were analyzed. The injury severity score (ISS) measurement was used to verify injury severities. Results: Analysis showed that the majority of admissions were mild injuries (ISS = 1 - 8), [FL 70%, IN 66%, odds ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 1.3]. Florida trauma children (all severities) generally receive TC care more frequently than Indiana’s (OR = 1.8, CI 1.6 - 1.9). Particularly admission to TCs with severe (ISS ≥ 25) pelvic injury was greater in Florida (OR 3.5, CI 1.6 - 7.4). Florida, encountered some other severe injury mechanisms (motor vehicle accidents, falls) more frequently than Indiana (ORs and CI: 2.2, 1.5 - 3.3 and 3.1, 1.1 - 8.7, respectively). Conclusions: Hospital discharge data can demonstrate the expected patient distribution difference when comparing a mature trauma system with a voluntary evolving system. The level of maturity of the adopted trauma system often influences such difference. 展开更多
关键词 CHILD INJURY High RISK Distribution PATTERN TRAUMA System Mandated
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Social Background and Elite Composition: Jewish Political Elite During the British Mandate
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作者 Taysir Nashif 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2016年第9期1085-1099,共15页
This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for... This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for Palestine in the period from 1921 to 1948, and the following social-background variables: age, foreign travel, occupation as a path to political power, regional affiliation, ideology, and political opportunity, of the JAE membership. Diversity of the social-background variables and, particularly, the multitude of languages they knew, explain, to a considerable extent, firstly, the wide variety of their social, political and economic views, and, secondly, the elite's resort to direct contact with Western governments and peoples in communicating and promoting their political ideology, thus facilitating the realization of the Zionist project. 展开更多
关键词 elite communication CIRCULATION Jewish elite mandate over Palestine POLITICS regional affiliation ZIONISM
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Uncovering Hidden Fiduciaries in South Korean Private Law
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作者 Ying-Chieh Wu 《Contemporary Social Sciences》 2022年第2期137-155,共19页
This article attempts to extend the list of fiduciary relationship by unlocking some of the hidden fiduciaries in other areas of South Korean private law.The reason for this is as follows.The exact label of“fiduciary... This article attempts to extend the list of fiduciary relationship by unlocking some of the hidden fiduciaries in other areas of South Korean private law.The reason for this is as follows.The exact label of“fiduciary relationship”may not be widely used,but the underlying mechanisms can be found in many other legal relationships under South Korean private law.Through the clarification of the types of fiduciary relationship,even though it may not be complete,we can come to understand when the fiduciary duty(or the duty of loyalty)and remedies for its breach should be applied.This article shows us that the following should be considered to be fiduciary relationships in addition to trustees and company directors:agents,mandataries,parents and adult guardians,executors of inheritance,commission agents,and partners.It must be stressed that the list is not yet closed.There is always the possibility for a new candidate being added to the list.Like cases must be treated alike,for certainty,systematic consistency,and legal stability are vital for any legal system. 展开更多
关键词 fiduciary LOYALTY no-conflict rule no-profit rule MANDATE
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Extention of Time Limit Mandated by SIPO(as basically limited to one extention and for two months at most)
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《中国专利与商标》 1999年第4期17-17,共1页
The State Intellectual Poperty Office has announcedan amendment to Sec.5,Paragrph 4.2.of Chapter 7 ofExamination Guidelines.According to the newregulations,for making a respon to an office actionduring the prosecution... The State Intellectual Poperty Office has announcedan amendment to Sec.5,Paragrph 4.2.of Chapter 7 ofExamination Guidelines.According to the newregulations,for making a respon to an office actionduring the prosecution of a patent application,only a firstrequest for a two-month extension of time can be basicallyallowed upon payment of official fee of RMB300(aboutUSD36).For further extension after the first one,onlyanother request for one or two months,at most twomonths,would be possibly petitioned together with a copyof the client’s instructions of the further extension and 展开更多
关键词 as basically limited to one extention and for two months at most Extention of Time Limit Mandated by SIPO
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Implementing Open Access Policy:First case studies
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作者 Chris Armbruster 《Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science》 2010年第4期1-22,共22页
When implementing open access, policy pioneers and flagship institutions alike have faced considerable challenges in meeting their own aims and achieving a recognized success. Legitimate authority, sufficient resource... When implementing open access, policy pioneers and flagship institutions alike have faced considerable challenges in meeting their own aims and achieving a recognized success. Legitimate authority, sufficient resources and the right timing are crucial, but the professionals charged with implementing policy still need several years to accomplish significant progress. This study defines a methodological standard for evaluating the first generation of open access policies. Evaluating implementation establishes evidence, enables reflection, and may foster the emergence of a second generation of open access policies.While the study is based on a small number of cases, these case studies cover most of the pioneer institutions, present the most significant issues and offer an international overview.Each case is reconstructed individually on the basis of public documents and background information, and supported by interviews with professionals responsible for open access implementation. This article presents the highlights from each case study. The results are utilized to indicate how a second generation of policies might define open access as a key component of digital research infrastructures that provide inputs and outputs for research,teaching and learning in real time. 展开更多
关键词 Open Access Open Access mandate Open Access policy Policy implementation Policy evaluation Digital repository Institutional repositories Research infrastructure Scholarly publishing
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Between Virtues and Blessings: A Discussion on Zhang Jiucheng's Thoughts
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作者 LI Chunying 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》 2012年第2期191-216,共26页
As an important thinker in the early South Song dynasty, Zhang Jiucheng differed in his thinking from the School of Principles of the Song and Ming dynasties, which was the mainstream at that time, and was thus exclud... As an important thinker in the early South Song dynasty, Zhang Jiucheng differed in his thinking from the School of Principles of the Song and Ming dynasties, which was the mainstream at that time, and was thus excluded by Zhu Xi and his followers. The relation between virtues and blessings was a characteristic part of Zhang's thought. By analyzing concepts like Heavenly mandates, virtues, blessings, luckiness and unluckiness in Zhang's thought, this essay re-defines the complicated but manifest relations between virtues and blessings; clarifies the trajectory of Zhang's thoughts on Heavenly mandates, virtues, and blessings; and displays the efforts of the Neo-Confucians of the Song dynasties to stress the value of human nature in the tension between Heavenly mandates and virtues. 展开更多
关键词 virtues BLESSINGS Heavenly mandates unluckiness evil qi
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Rural Informal Taxation in China:Historical Evolution and an Analytic Framework 被引量:4
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作者 Justin Yifu Lin Mingxing Liu 《China & World Economy》 SCIE 2007年第3期1-18,共18页
The present paper examines the historical evolution of China's rural taxation system from the pre-reform period to the late 1990s. We propose that because of information asymmetry between the upper-level and the lowe... The present paper examines the historical evolution of China's rural taxation system from the pre-reform period to the late 1990s. We propose that because of information asymmetry between the upper-level and the lower-level governments, local governments had to be granted some informal tax autonomy to fulfill the upper-level policy mandates. This easily led to excessive local informal taxation on farmers. As market liberalization of the grain sectorprogressed, the low-cost tax instruments implemented through the traditional approach of implicit taxation gradually eroded. Local governments in agricultural regions had to resort to informal fees collected directly from individual rural households while the more industrialized regions shifted to non-agricultural taxes that are less costly in terms of tax collection. Hence, political tension between farmers and local governments in agriculturebased regions emerged and rural tax reform became necessary. 展开更多
关键词 policy mandate rural informal taxation tax instrument
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Did the Labor Contract Law Affect the Capital Deepening and Efficiency of Chinese Private Firms? 被引量:1
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作者 Jian Ding Yixiao Zhou 《China & World Economy》 2021年第5期105-126,共22页
Since the implementation of the Labor Contract Law (LCL) in 2010, a significant increase in the capital/labor ratio, known as capital deepening, has occurred in private firms in China. However, the cause and impact of... Since the implementation of the Labor Contract Law (LCL) in 2010, a significant increase in the capital/labor ratio, known as capital deepening, has occurred in private firms in China. However, the cause and impact of the capital deepening is still in question, as either technological change or a higher cost of labor might cause it. Using data from the Chinese Private Enterprise Survey in 2008 and 2012, two critical findings are reported in this study. First, pension coverage significantly affected the capital/labor ratio in private firms after 2010. Second, large private firms are able to generate higher total factor productivity after the implementation of the LCL because they can adjust their production function more easily than smaller competitors. These findings have policy implications for reforms in the Chinese labor market. 展开更多
关键词 capital deepening efficiency evaluation employment protection legislation labor market intervention mandated benefit
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MANDATE标准探析
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作者 朱亮 孟飚 《航空标准化与质量》 2011年第6期41-44,共4页
通过分析MANDATE标准的整体情况、定位和技术思路,结合其核心技术提出了MANDATE标准在飞机制造业的应用建议。
关键词 制造信息 资源模型 流程监控 标准 MANDATE ISO 15531
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Perspective on Local Governance Reform in China
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作者 Mingxing Liu Binwen Song Ra Tao 《China & World Economy》 SCIE 2006年第2期16-31,共16页
This paper is an attempt to present an analysis of China's decentralization and local governance practices, the dilemmas rooted in the current institution. We argue that the misbehavior of local government officials ... This paper is an attempt to present an analysis of China's decentralization and local governance practices, the dilemmas rooted in the current institution. We argue that the misbehavior of local government officials is endogenous to China's central-local structure and that competition among localities has become distorted and constrained by various policy burdens and development mandates imposed from above. The information asymmetry for the enforcement cost of mandates that exists between central and local governments not only leads to difficulties and distortions in local performance evaluations, but also creates opportunities for local bureaucracy expansion and rent-seeking. Enhancingfiscal transfers, or strengthening political restraint, although necessary, would be far from enough to solve the local governance problems. The ultimate solution entails an in-depth deregulation reform on factor mobility and a furthest eradication of policy mandates for the local government. 展开更多
关键词 political competition DECENTRALIZATION local governance policy mandate
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A Mandate for Momentum
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《Beijing Review》 2010年第12期32-33,共2页
With his re-election in January, Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa appears poised to move his country ahead following years of civil unrest. By cashing in on its hard-won peace while strengthening ties with foreign
关键词 SAARC A Mandate for Momentum
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Land Allocation between Food and Energy
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作者 Ujjayant Chakravorty Marie-Helene Hubert Michel Moreaux 《Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities》 2014年第1期52-69,共18页
Many countries are promoting biofuels as a substitute for scarce oil. This paper develops a dynamic model of land allocation between food and energy and shows how the model can be calibrated using standard optimizatio... Many countries are promoting biofuels as a substitute for scarce oil. This paper develops a dynamic model of land allocation between food and energy and shows how the model can be calibrated using standard optimization techniques. Some possible implications of the trade-offs between food and energy are discussed. Specifically, we show that the effect of mandates is mainly felt through increased land conversion, which increases indirect carbon emissions Crude oil prices do not decrease significantly because of leakages. 展开更多
关键词 BIOFUEL FOOD ENERGY land allocation MANDATE
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Facilitating investment in BRI nations
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作者 Devanand Ramiah 《一带一路报道》 2019年第5期16-16,共1页
The global economy is facing both expanding opportunities and rising challenges, including the increasing gap in financing needed for development worldwide. The United Nations Development Programme holds the 2030 Agen... The global economy is facing both expanding opportunities and rising challenges, including the increasing gap in financing needed for development worldwide. The United Nations Development Programme holds the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals at the core of its mandate and welcomes all efforts that have the potential to accelerate their achievements on a global scale. 展开更多
关键词 GLOBAL ECONOMY MANDATE GLOBAL SCALE
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Th IDNDR Programme Forum 1999 The Geneva Mandate on Disaster Reduction(Geneva,9July1999)
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《Natural Disaster Reduction in China》 1999年第4期15-16,共2页
关键词 IDNDR Th IDNDR Programme Forum 1999 The Geneva Mandate on Disaster Reduction
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