Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A nove...Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard （PFSS） levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach, the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg-1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg-1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg-~, and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance, if any, from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition, the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities, can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices, and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.展开更多
In this study, the dissipation, terminal residues and dietary risk of the cyazofamid residue in three globally consumed minor crops, turnip(Brassica rapa L.), onion(Allium cepa L.)and romaine lettuce(Lactuca sativa L....In this study, the dissipation, terminal residues and dietary risk of the cyazofamid residue in three globally consumed minor crops, turnip(Brassica rapa L.), onion(Allium cepa L.)and romaine lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)were assessed by supervised field trials at 6 locations of China in 2020. A reliable QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous analysis of cyazofamid and its primary metabolite, 4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile(CCIM). The average recoveries of cyazofamid and CCIM in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce were 79%–97% and 77%–99%, respectively. The half-lives of cyazofamid in these crops were 5.7–6.5, 5.3–8.7 and 5.8–6.5 days in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce, respectively, with the final cyazofamid residues at harvest all lower than limit of quantitation(LOQ, 0.01 mg/kg). The turnip roots, onion bulbs and romaine lettuce leaves grown in China under Good Agricultural Practices conditions and harvested 10, 14 and 5 days, respectively, after the cyazofamid SC(100 g/L)application, would be reasonably safe for consumption by the general population. The maximum residue limit(MRL)values of cyazofamid could be tentatively set as 10 mg/kg for turnip leaves, 0.3 mg/kg for turnip roots, 0.05 mg/kg for onion bulbs, and 10 mg/kg for romaine lettuce leaves.展开更多
基金the Chilean Government and the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) for supporting this work through the Becas Chile Scholarships
文摘Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard （PFSS） levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach, the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg-1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg-1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg-~, and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance, if any, from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition, the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities, can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices, and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project (2016YFD0200200)the Project of Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2019GNC106090)+1 种基金the Foundation from the Ministry of Agricultural of China (14192061)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CXGC21B13)。
文摘In this study, the dissipation, terminal residues and dietary risk of the cyazofamid residue in three globally consumed minor crops, turnip(Brassica rapa L.), onion(Allium cepa L.)and romaine lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)were assessed by supervised field trials at 6 locations of China in 2020. A reliable QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous analysis of cyazofamid and its primary metabolite, 4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile(CCIM). The average recoveries of cyazofamid and CCIM in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce were 79%–97% and 77%–99%, respectively. The half-lives of cyazofamid in these crops were 5.7–6.5, 5.3–8.7 and 5.8–6.5 days in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce, respectively, with the final cyazofamid residues at harvest all lower than limit of quantitation(LOQ, 0.01 mg/kg). The turnip roots, onion bulbs and romaine lettuce leaves grown in China under Good Agricultural Practices conditions and harvested 10, 14 and 5 days, respectively, after the cyazofamid SC(100 g/L)application, would be reasonably safe for consumption by the general population. The maximum residue limit(MRL)values of cyazofamid could be tentatively set as 10 mg/kg for turnip leaves, 0.3 mg/kg for turnip roots, 0.05 mg/kg for onion bulbs, and 10 mg/kg for romaine lettuce leaves.
