The dynamic analysis of a 1150 MW turbine generator system using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the finite element method (FEM) for computation is presented.Excellent agreement was obtained between critical spe...The dynamic analysis of a 1150 MW turbine generator system using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the finite element method (FEM) for computation is presented.Excellent agreement was obtained between critical speeds computed by TMM and FEM,respectively.The entire system modes are considerably different from the individual component modes.Using the mode shapes as a baseline,modal analysis of field balance can be implemented for this rotor system.A comparison of the experimental and theoretical predictions are presented,too.The forced responses of the system including foundation or pedestal mass,stiffness and damping effects were computed by means of FEM.It is approved that an appropriately formed and placed force couple,as a dynamic balance couple,may suppress strong forced vibrations in the vicinity of critical speeds close to the operating speed.Also,the bearings of low pressure turbines need to be well damped to avoid exciting lower and median critical speed modes.展开更多
Numerical simulations of Jupiter’s zonal jets are presented, which are generated with realistic and hyper energetic source. The models are three dimensional and nonlinear, applied to a gas that is convective, stratif...Numerical simulations of Jupiter’s zonal jets are presented, which are generated with realistic and hyper energetic source. The models are three dimensional and nonlinear, applied to a gas that is convective, stratified and compressible. Two solutions are presented, one for a shallow 0.6% envelope, the other one 5% deep. For the shallow model (SM), Jupiter’s small energy flux was applied with low kinematic viscosity. For the deep model (DM), the energy source and viscosity had to be much larger to obtain a solution with manageable computer time. Alternating zonal winds are generated of order 100 m/s, and the models reproduce the observed width of the prograde equatorial jet and adjacent retrograde jets at 20°latitude. But the height variations of the zonal winds differ markedly. In SM the velocities vary radially with altitude, but in DM Taylor columns are formed. The dynamical properties of these divergent model results are discussed in light of the computed meridional wind velocities. With large planetary rotation rate Ω, the zonal winds are close to geostrophic, and a quantitative measure of that property is the meridional Rossby number, Rom. In the meridional momentum balance, the ratio between inertial and Coriolis forces produces Rom = V2/ΩLU, U zonal, V meridional winds, L horizontal length scale. Our analysis shows that the meridional winds vary with the viscosity like ν1/2. With much larger viscosity and meridional winds, the Rossby number for DM is much larger, Rom(DM) >> Rom(SM). Compared to the shallow model with zonal winds varying radially, the deeper and more viscous model with Taylor columns is much less geostrophic. The zonal winds of numerical models in the literature tend to be independent of the energy source, in agreement with the present results. With 104 times larger energy flux, the zonal winds for DM only increase by a factor of 3, and the answer is provided by the zonal momentum budget with meridional winds, VU/L = ΩV, yielding U = ΩL, independent of the source. The same relationship produces the zonal Rossby number, Roz = U/ΩL, of Order 1, which is commonly used as a dimensionless measure of the zonal wind velocities.展开更多
利用快速同化系统LAPS资料,结合卫星、雷达、GPS和地面逐小时加密观测资料,对比分析了2012年7月12—13日鄂东北地区连续两次大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统特征。结果表明:鄂东北地区两次大暴雨过程发生的强迫机制明显不同,分别为热力因子...利用快速同化系统LAPS资料,结合卫星、雷达、GPS和地面逐小时加密观测资料,对比分析了2012年7月12—13日鄂东北地区连续两次大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统特征。结果表明:鄂东北地区两次大暴雨过程发生的强迫机制明显不同,分别为热力因子主导的暖平流强迫和动力因子主导的锋生强迫。在两种不同动力机制条件下,第一次大暴雨过程对流云团呈不对称分布,强回波伸展高度较高,强降水主要位于黑体亮温(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)梯度大值区,产生的降水强度较大,并伴有强雷电活动;第二次大暴雨过程对流云团呈对称分布,强回波伸展高度较低,强降水主要位于TBB大值中心,表现为明显的暖云降水。但在两种动力机制下,两次大暴雨过程均形成了长时间的降水,一方面由于边界层冷池的冷出流与南风入流在对流系统后侧交汇,形成后向传播,强降水单体传播和移动相互抵消,从而使对流系统稳定维持;另一方面由于对流系统移动方向与引导气流方向一致,强降水单体依次经过同一地点,产生较大的累积降水。展开更多
文摘The dynamic analysis of a 1150 MW turbine generator system using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the finite element method (FEM) for computation is presented.Excellent agreement was obtained between critical speeds computed by TMM and FEM,respectively.The entire system modes are considerably different from the individual component modes.Using the mode shapes as a baseline,modal analysis of field balance can be implemented for this rotor system.A comparison of the experimental and theoretical predictions are presented,too.The forced responses of the system including foundation or pedestal mass,stiffness and damping effects were computed by means of FEM.It is approved that an appropriately formed and placed force couple,as a dynamic balance couple,may suppress strong forced vibrations in the vicinity of critical speeds close to the operating speed.Also,the bearings of low pressure turbines need to be well damped to avoid exciting lower and median critical speed modes.
文摘Numerical simulations of Jupiter’s zonal jets are presented, which are generated with realistic and hyper energetic source. The models are three dimensional and nonlinear, applied to a gas that is convective, stratified and compressible. Two solutions are presented, one for a shallow 0.6% envelope, the other one 5% deep. For the shallow model (SM), Jupiter’s small energy flux was applied with low kinematic viscosity. For the deep model (DM), the energy source and viscosity had to be much larger to obtain a solution with manageable computer time. Alternating zonal winds are generated of order 100 m/s, and the models reproduce the observed width of the prograde equatorial jet and adjacent retrograde jets at 20°latitude. But the height variations of the zonal winds differ markedly. In SM the velocities vary radially with altitude, but in DM Taylor columns are formed. The dynamical properties of these divergent model results are discussed in light of the computed meridional wind velocities. With large planetary rotation rate Ω, the zonal winds are close to geostrophic, and a quantitative measure of that property is the meridional Rossby number, Rom. In the meridional momentum balance, the ratio between inertial and Coriolis forces produces Rom = V2/ΩLU, U zonal, V meridional winds, L horizontal length scale. Our analysis shows that the meridional winds vary with the viscosity like ν1/2. With much larger viscosity and meridional winds, the Rossby number for DM is much larger, Rom(DM) >> Rom(SM). Compared to the shallow model with zonal winds varying radially, the deeper and more viscous model with Taylor columns is much less geostrophic. The zonal winds of numerical models in the literature tend to be independent of the energy source, in agreement with the present results. With 104 times larger energy flux, the zonal winds for DM only increase by a factor of 3, and the answer is provided by the zonal momentum budget with meridional winds, VU/L = ΩV, yielding U = ΩL, independent of the source. The same relationship produces the zonal Rossby number, Roz = U/ΩL, of Order 1, which is commonly used as a dimensionless measure of the zonal wind velocities.
文摘利用快速同化系统LAPS资料,结合卫星、雷达、GPS和地面逐小时加密观测资料,对比分析了2012年7月12—13日鄂东北地区连续两次大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统特征。结果表明:鄂东北地区两次大暴雨过程发生的强迫机制明显不同,分别为热力因子主导的暖平流强迫和动力因子主导的锋生强迫。在两种不同动力机制条件下,第一次大暴雨过程对流云团呈不对称分布,强回波伸展高度较高,强降水主要位于黑体亮温(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)梯度大值区,产生的降水强度较大,并伴有强雷电活动;第二次大暴雨过程对流云团呈对称分布,强回波伸展高度较低,强降水主要位于TBB大值中心,表现为明显的暖云降水。但在两种动力机制下,两次大暴雨过程均形成了长时间的降水,一方面由于边界层冷池的冷出流与南风入流在对流系统后侧交汇,形成后向传播,强降水单体传播和移动相互抵消,从而使对流系统稳定维持;另一方面由于对流系统移动方向与引导气流方向一致,强降水单体依次经过同一地点,产生较大的累积降水。
