Background: The welding trade includes many industrial activities in both the formal and informal sectors. Workers in this professional environment do not have access to individual and collective means of protection a...Background: The welding trade includes many industrial activities in both the formal and informal sectors. Workers in this professional environment do not have access to individual and collective means of protection adapted to the activity, which exposes them to the dust emitted during their activity and therefore contributes to increasing the risk of developing respiratory disorders in this population. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the ventilatory function of metal welders in the city of Dakar. Method: This was a comparative study based on the analysis of the spirometric parameters of metal welders working in the city of Dakar (Senegal) with those of a control group of the same kind, selected from the general population. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured. Results: A total of 75 men between the ages of 19 and 61 were recruited and divided into two groups (43 controls and 32 welders). The welding population had more frequent distal and central obstructions and pulmonary restriction compared to the control group. The metals most commonly used by welders were aluminum for welders who had an obstruction, while for those who had a restriction, iron was the most used metal. Signs of metal fever were frequently found in welders, especially those with ventilatory disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory disorders observed is close to that observed in industrial environments, where exposure levels are the highest. The lack of personal protective equipment could also be a significant risk factor in the development of these disorders.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Welders are an occupational group at high risk for eye injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of eye protection of metal welders in the workshops of Con...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Welders are an occupational group at high risk for eye injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of eye protection of metal welders in the workshops of Conakry. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and included 180 welders from 45 welding workshops in the city of Conakry for a period of three months. It involved all welding professionals working in an informal unit selected by the study and who had agreed to participate in the study. <strong>Results:</strong> The average age of the participants was 33.9 ± 13.4 years, with extremes of 15 and 68 years. The study found that 99% of the welders owned glasses, 27% owned face shields, and 49% owned welding masks. Goggles were used regularly by 86% of the welders but were not suitable for welding (98%). All welders had reported having had an eye injury at least once. Foreign bodies were cited in 81%, arc strike in 65%;eye burns in 61%. However, approximately 81% of welders did not have first aid kits at their work sites. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of protective equipment during welding remains very low in the workshops of Conakry, which is the cause of great ocular morbidity among welders.展开更多
[背景]电焊工接触含多种金属的电焊烟尘引起肺功能下降,既往研究多集中于单一金属与肺功能间的关联,较少关注到金属混合暴露的肺功能健康损害。[目的]本研究旨在评估电焊工尿液和血液中多种金属浓度与肺功能指标间的关联,探讨影响肺功...[背景]电焊工接触含多种金属的电焊烟尘引起肺功能下降,既往研究多集中于单一金属与肺功能间的关联,较少关注到金属混合暴露的肺功能健康损害。[目的]本研究旨在评估电焊工尿液和血液中多种金属浓度与肺功能指标间的关联,探讨影响肺功能的关键金属成分,为职业健康风险评估提供参考依据。[方法]对上海市某造船厂电焊工和对照组工人进行问卷调查、肺功能检测,并收集尿液和血液样本。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测尿液和血液中钒、铬、锰等12种金属浓度。Spearman相关用于分析血液、尿液中金属间的关联性。应用多重线性回归、加权分位数之和回归(WQS)和贝叶斯核机器回归(BKMR)剖析金属混合暴露与肺功能指标用力肺活量(FVC)、用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%)和一秒率(FEV_(1)/FVC)间的关系。[结果]本研究共纳入445名工人,焊工组322人(72.36%),对照组123人(27.64%),总人群平均年龄为(37.64±8.80)岁,87.19%为男性。电焊工尿镉(0.88 vs 0.58μg·L^(-1))以及血铬(5.86 vs5.06μg·L^(-1))、锰(24.24 vs 21.38μg·L^(-1))浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关结果显示尿液和血液中金属元素间相关系数范围为-0.46~0.68。在校正混杂因素后,多重线性回归结果提示电焊工尿钼与FVC、FEV_(1)间呈负相关;血钼与FVC、FVC%、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)%以及血铜与FEV_(1)/FVC间呈负相关。WQS结果表明电焊工血液、尿液金属混合浓度每增加1个四分位数水平,FEV_(1)、FVC分别平均下降0.112 L、0.353 L,铜、锌、钒、锑等金属贡献较大。BKMR显示电焊工血液、尿液中金属浓度与FVC、FVC%、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)%间呈下降趋势,单变量暴露反应-关系中血液、尿液钼浓度与FVC、FVC%、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)大致呈线性下降趋势;电焊工尿液中不同金属作用于FEV_(1)%时,镉与锰、镍、钒间,钒与铁、钼、锌、铜间可能具有交互作用。[结论]多金属混合暴露引起电焊工肺功能下降,贡献较大的金属有钼、锑、铜和锌等。展开更多
文摘Background: The welding trade includes many industrial activities in both the formal and informal sectors. Workers in this professional environment do not have access to individual and collective means of protection adapted to the activity, which exposes them to the dust emitted during their activity and therefore contributes to increasing the risk of developing respiratory disorders in this population. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the ventilatory function of metal welders in the city of Dakar. Method: This was a comparative study based on the analysis of the spirometric parameters of metal welders working in the city of Dakar (Senegal) with those of a control group of the same kind, selected from the general population. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured. Results: A total of 75 men between the ages of 19 and 61 were recruited and divided into two groups (43 controls and 32 welders). The welding population had more frequent distal and central obstructions and pulmonary restriction compared to the control group. The metals most commonly used by welders were aluminum for welders who had an obstruction, while for those who had a restriction, iron was the most used metal. Signs of metal fever were frequently found in welders, especially those with ventilatory disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory disorders observed is close to that observed in industrial environments, where exposure levels are the highest. The lack of personal protective equipment could also be a significant risk factor in the development of these disorders.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Welders are an occupational group at high risk for eye injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of eye protection of metal welders in the workshops of Conakry. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and included 180 welders from 45 welding workshops in the city of Conakry for a period of three months. It involved all welding professionals working in an informal unit selected by the study and who had agreed to participate in the study. <strong>Results:</strong> The average age of the participants was 33.9 ± 13.4 years, with extremes of 15 and 68 years. The study found that 99% of the welders owned glasses, 27% owned face shields, and 49% owned welding masks. Goggles were used regularly by 86% of the welders but were not suitable for welding (98%). All welders had reported having had an eye injury at least once. Foreign bodies were cited in 81%, arc strike in 65%;eye burns in 61%. However, approximately 81% of welders did not have first aid kits at their work sites. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of protective equipment during welding remains very low in the workshops of Conakry, which is the cause of great ocular morbidity among welders.
文摘[背景]电焊工接触含多种金属的电焊烟尘引起肺功能下降,既往研究多集中于单一金属与肺功能间的关联,较少关注到金属混合暴露的肺功能健康损害。[目的]本研究旨在评估电焊工尿液和血液中多种金属浓度与肺功能指标间的关联,探讨影响肺功能的关键金属成分,为职业健康风险评估提供参考依据。[方法]对上海市某造船厂电焊工和对照组工人进行问卷调查、肺功能检测,并收集尿液和血液样本。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测尿液和血液中钒、铬、锰等12种金属浓度。Spearman相关用于分析血液、尿液中金属间的关联性。应用多重线性回归、加权分位数之和回归(WQS)和贝叶斯核机器回归(BKMR)剖析金属混合暴露与肺功能指标用力肺活量(FVC)、用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%)和一秒率(FEV_(1)/FVC)间的关系。[结果]本研究共纳入445名工人,焊工组322人(72.36%),对照组123人(27.64%),总人群平均年龄为(37.64±8.80)岁,87.19%为男性。电焊工尿镉(0.88 vs 0.58μg·L^(-1))以及血铬(5.86 vs5.06μg·L^(-1))、锰(24.24 vs 21.38μg·L^(-1))浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关结果显示尿液和血液中金属元素间相关系数范围为-0.46~0.68。在校正混杂因素后,多重线性回归结果提示电焊工尿钼与FVC、FEV_(1)间呈负相关;血钼与FVC、FVC%、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)%以及血铜与FEV_(1)/FVC间呈负相关。WQS结果表明电焊工血液、尿液金属混合浓度每增加1个四分位数水平,FEV_(1)、FVC分别平均下降0.112 L、0.353 L,铜、锌、钒、锑等金属贡献较大。BKMR显示电焊工血液、尿液中金属浓度与FVC、FVC%、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)%间呈下降趋势,单变量暴露反应-关系中血液、尿液钼浓度与FVC、FVC%、FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)大致呈线性下降趋势;电焊工尿液中不同金属作用于FEV_(1)%时,镉与锰、镍、钒间,钒与铁、钼、锌、铜间可能具有交互作用。[结论]多金属混合暴露引起电焊工肺功能下降,贡献较大的金属有钼、锑、铜和锌等。
